Xu Fang

Xu Fang

Xu Fang (May 3, 1622 - November 7, 1694) was a painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. It was named Zhaofa. It was born in Houzhai and qinyushan. It was born in Wuxian county (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). It was the son of Xu Yi, a martyr. In the 15th year of Chongzhen's reign. In the Qing Dynasty, he lived in seclusion at the foot of Tianping mountain, claiming to be a lonely son. He is good at cursive writing and landscape painting. He takes Dong Yuan, Ju ran, Jing Hao and Guan Tong as examples. He also lives in Ni Zan and Huang Gongwang. He is also known as the "three high scholars of Wu Zhong" together with Yang Wujiu and Zhu Yongchun. He never went to the city for his whole life, sold his paintings for food, and did not pay for books. He was called "three adherents of the sea" with Shen Shoumin of Xuancheng and Chao Mingsheng of Jiaxing.

brief account of the author's life

Xu Fang, at the age of 16, obeyed his father's orders and was employed by Zhu Jihuang. In the 15th year of Chongzhen (1642) and the 2nd year of Shunzhi (1645), Xu Fang's father died for the Ming Dynasty. Xu Fang wanted to follow him. He said, "if I die, I must not die. If I die, I must sacrifice myself. If I do not die, I will be unfaithful. If I die, I must not die. If I do not die, I will not be filial. When I die, Jun Gu will be there; when you die, you will be there. If there is a son who will die for his own sake, is it true that there is no such thing as death? I will not die, I will keep my body and carry on my ambition, so I will become filial and be loyal at the same time. " Xu Fang lived in seclusion in Dengwei mountain, moved Lingyan, stayed in the city all his life, sold his paintings for self-sufficiency, and built a house named "Jianshang thatched cottage". life in seclusion was extremely miserable, and two sons and one daughter died in hunger and cold. I also "food and clothing will not continue", "solar eclipse a meal a Mi", "winter and summer to wear a ramie clothing.". At the age of 37, he suffered from a serious illness. He vomited blood for 80 days and fasted for 60 days. He was "entrusted with Zhang Yingfu's cloth". Fortunately, "Mr. Zheng Sanshan came to see the disease and started it with medicine." After his illness, he was implicated in the "Fu Fu" case, hiding everywhere and living in no fixed place. At this time, Xu Fang had been "unable to provide for the four walls and the Wei ferns, and he had nothing to offer. He was in danger." fortunately, Zhang Jun of Bu Yi helped him to repay the ten yuan he owed. In the face of adversity, Xu Fang helped himself with calligraphy and painting. He tasted "all kinds of pumpkins besides the leeks in the old garden. In summer and autumn, he used to cook in the morning." But not lightly by a drop, although "chenhuo does not continue, Mo Nengqiang to a money feed." Tang bin, governor of Jiangning, pretended to be elegant in order to cover up his taint of serving Manchu. Xu Fang refused to see him three times. Even later, when Tang bin mourned his mother, he did not disdain to see these Han people who were subject to the alien race. Tang Bin said with a sigh: "the sages are unpredictable." Wandering for a long time. Pan Lei, a disciple, returned to the imperial palace with Hongbo. He knelt outside the gate for three days before he was allowed to enter. He said, "I don't want to be here." Xu Fang made friends with Yang Wujiu, and they often sharpened their reputation and integrity. Meng ran, the eldest son of Xu Fang, and Wen Zhi, the third son of Xu Fang, are all masters of no fault. When Xu Fang was dying, he ordered his five-year-old sun Chu to pay homage and say, "this dead son is the only one who died. My son taught me, but unfortunately he died early. I'm going to die now. If you don't want to ask me to help you, I'd like to make you tired. " This is what Fangxin emphasizes. After his death, pan Lei buried him in zhenruwu (Pearl dock) in guangfuxiang snow sea. The inscription on the tombstone is "the tomb of Xugong, Xiaolian of Ming Dynasty". Song Su, the governor of Jiangsu Province, admired Xu Fang and changed "Jianshang thatched cottage" into a ancestral temple, donating money for repair. Pan Lei wrote the ancestral hall of Mr. Xu Zhaofa. The temple was rebuilt several times during the reign of Jiaqing and Daoguang, and then destroyed by fire.

List of works

Xu Fang wrote a lot of books in his life. He said: in the past 20 years, there are more than 300 volumes of Tongjian Jishi leiju, some volumes of 21 Shi Wenhui, more than 20 volumes of Dushi Guayu, six volumes of Dushu zachao, one volume of Jianyuan tongwenlu, and eleven chapters of guanjian, which can be counted as hundreds of volumes. At present, only 11 volumes of "dushiguayu" and 20 volumes of "juyitangji" edited and corrected by Pan Lei have been preserved.

Historical records of the Qing Dynasty

Xu Fang, whose name is Zhaofa, was born in Changzhou. Fu Yu, who was a martyr of the Ming Dynasty, had a history of the Ming Dynasty. Fang, Chongzhen, Renwu, Juren. When he died for his country, Fang wanted to die. He said, "I can't live without death. If I grow up to be a farmer, I will die!" He was a hermit in the mountains, dressed in cloth and straw shoes, and never entered the city. And you lingyanshan, love its broad, Bujian on the home, old Yan. Fang, Shen Shoumin of Xuancheng and Chao Mingsheng of Jiaxing are called "three adherents of the sea". Fang calligraphy sun Guoting, painting Juran, between the law Ni, Huang, self Qin Yushan people. A picture of Ganoderma lucidum was sent to Wang Shizhen, who, together with Jin Xiaozhang, painted plum blossom and Wang Xun's cursive script. However, the nature of Junjie, key households do not connect with people. When Tang bin, governor of Suizhou, visited Jiangnan, he did not see him. Bin ascended the hall, sat on the moving sundial, and went away to read Baiju's poems. Tsai Yu Jung, governor of Sichuan and lake, wrote a letter from Jingzhou asking for his painting. Fang answered the letter and returned the coin, but he did not do it. He said, "the Ming government is a state of yin and Jingzhou. I'm not good at looking after Changkang." Only Shen Shoumin and Laiyang Jiang long, Tongli Yang Wujiu, Wu Jiang pan Lei and Nanyue monk Hong Chu were in contact. His family is poor, he has no food, he can endure cold and hunger, and he won't suffer a drop. When hongchu was in a hurry, Fang said, "it's a pure food in this world." All of them are affected. It's easy to buy a donkey. For daily use, if necessary, the painting and calligraphy should be placed on the back of the donkey. Donkey alone, and the city and stop, not a step. Those who saw it argued for interest and said, "it's the ass of the high scholar." If you need something for daily use, just as you mean, you can prepare it and accept it. He was 73 years old. When he was in Shangqiu, song Fu Fu Wu, Fang Yu Jie said, "Song Zhongcheng knows me very well, if I die, don't accept it." The fruit makes people give coffins, which are as expensive as Fangming's life, and will not be accepted in the end. Death cannot be buried because of poverty. One day, a high official came from the Wulin and asked Ren to live in the county. The word "Zhen" is used for burial utensils, and the paper is worth 100 yuan. In the second year of Ji'an's reign, he buried Fang at the foot of Qingzhi mountain and returned to his home with admiration. The saying goes: "I want to be a rich family. I'm afraid that my husband will spit it out, so I have to work hard to know what he wants." I'll go immediately after the funeral. Or those who have knowledge say, "this mountain is overcast and easy to wear."

Chronicle of characters

Tomorrow, renxu (1622), one year old, was born on March 23 in wuchaoli. Luo Zhenyu's chronicle of Mr. Xu shouzhai (hereinafter referred to as the Chronicle). Yi Chou (1625) was three years old in the fifth year of the apocalypse. Wei Dazhong was arrested in Suzhou, and Xu borrowed money for his business. Zhou Shunchang was arrested and Tiqi asked for money. Xu Wei and Yang Tingshu, the manager of Tongli, collected money. When it was, he and Tingshu were famous all over the world. "The first five five biographies" in the history of Ming Dynasty. In 1630, he was nine years old. He received the Analects of Confucius and the book of filial piety from Zhao Duanwu in Yushan. Preface to Yang Yinjun's 60th birthday, Volume 6 of juyitang collection. Xin Wei (1631) was ten years old in the fourth year of Chongzhen. He studied from ye Xiang around that year. Xu Fang's five gentlemen 'lament poem: "recalling the early days of holding the Sutra, Fang's years did not tie up his hair", Gu is here. Kuiyou (1633) was 12 years old in the sixth year of Chongzhen. He began to study literature in 1633. Xu Wei opened a literary society at home, and Fang's society was praised by Zhang Pu, Zhang Cai, Zhou Cha and other literary giants, and was passed on to his father for a time. Chen Zilong made a new year's friendship with Ding. Annals. In the eighth year of Chongzhen, at the age of 14, Ding Hai (1635) enrolled as a student member. Xu Wei took Shen Yongmao, the Minister of the Ministry of war, with him as an extraordinary person. Notes to nostalgia, Volume 17 of Juyi Tang Ji. In the ninth year of Chongzhen, at the age of 15, Bingzi (1636) traveled from Zhengfu. Xu Fang's preface to Mr. Zheng Shijing, a gifted industrialist, said: "the boy Fang was 15 years old, that is, he traveled from Mr. Zheng, who was in charge of the Scriptures, when Chongzhen's Bingzi was 15 years old." Volume 6 of Juyi Tang Ji. From the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, all the scholars were familiar with it. Answer Huisheng and running script, Juyi Tang Ji, Volume 1. In the 10th year of Chongzhen reign, Ding Chou (1637) was 16 years old. He was employed in zhujihuang of Kunshan for five years. In the 11th year of Chongzhen, Wuyin (1638) was 17 years old. Zhu Jihuang and his eldest son, Yong Chunlai, shared the same school with Xu Fang, less than five years old. Preface to the 60th birthday of Zhu Shi mu, Volume 6 of Juyi Tang Ji. In the 12th year of Chongzhen, at the age of 18, Zhu Jihuang taught scriptures at home and went to Kunshan to study. "Preface to the 60th birthday of Zhu Shi Mu:" in the spring of Ji Mao, the first teacher stayed at home and didn't enter the county city, so Fang took the responsibility to hold the Scriptures and teach the school. " Volume 6 of Juyi Tang Ji. In the 15th year of Chongzhen, Ren Wu (1642) was 21 years old. Xu Fang's biography of Mr. Zhu said: "at the age of 16, Yu was the master of the classics. He served Mr. Zhu for five years. In the sixth year, he was lucky to sell it. He was a scholar." Volume 12 of Juyi Tang Ji. Jiashen (1644) was 23 years old in the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty. In May, Nanming regime was established. Xu Wei was trapped by the traitors, and he would suffer unexpected disaster. Yang Buji went to Nanjing to release his prison. Xu Fang's biography of Yang wubu. Volume 12 of Juyi Tang Ji. Xu took Fang to Wanfeng, paid homage to the master and ordered his disciples to hold the ceremony. Preface to the 60th birthday of old monk Wanfeng and collection of Juyi hall, Volume 6. At the end of the year, Xu's family could not celebrate the new year because of the national change. Since Fang is also the heir, every year, a worship ancestors wood master just. "The age of moderate disease", Volume 8 of Juyi Tang Ji. Yi's elder brother-in-law Wu Zuxi is in FenHu. The book with Wu zipeiyuan, the collection of Juyi hall, Volume 3. In the second year of Shunzhi, he was 24 years old and died on June 12. He was 49 years old and was posthumously named Wenjing. The chronicle quoted fan Shifu's postscript to pengjiu's bamboo slips: "the change of Wu Zhai Tai Shi as a former Emperor has made him unwilling to live, and he has avoided the CHANGDANG of Huqiu. The autumn water lingers day and night. On June 12, there was an order to shave your hair. In the evening, when the moon is as bright as day, he rewards his followers with wine, leans on the side of the boat, sits alone against the moon, and suddenly jumps into the water, so that no one can save him. " Fang wanted to die, but Xu didn't allow him to. He said, "I can't live without death. If I grow up to be a farmer, I can die without regret." he sobbed at his father's body and changed his name. He fled to Luxu in Wujiang and was on the verge of death for several times

Chinese PinYin : Xu Fang