Peng Dingqiu

Peng Dingqiu

Peng Dingqiu (June 2, 1645 - May 27, 1719) was the number one scholar in the 15th year of Kangxi (1676). The word Qinzhi, a word Nanyi, now Suzhou Wuxian) people. During the Kangxi Central Committee examination, the imperial court was the first to assist in repairing and writing, and the official officials said that because of his father's funeral and begging for leave, he did not return. He was a disciple of Shi Daoyuan, a famous Taoist in Suzhou in the early Qing Dynasty, and also a teacher of Tang bin. Its learning is "based on non deception and practice". He admired Wang Shouren and other seven sages, and wrote seven chapters of Gao Wangyin. He is also the author of "Yang Ming Shi Rui Lu", "Ru men French", "Nan Yi Wen Ji" and so on.

family background

Peng Dingqiu

In the early years of the founding of the great Ming Empire by Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, a family surnamed Peng from Qingjiang county (now Jiangxi Province) of Linjiang Prefecture moved to Changzhou county (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) of Suzhou Prefecture and became a member of Weisuo. Wei was the military establishment of Ming Dynasty, and the soldiers of Wei's office registered residence as a soldier. During the reign of Jiajing (1522-1566), there was a Juren named Tianzhi in the Peng family. From pengtianzhi, there was a member of the Peng family. His son, Peng Ruxi, was a Jinshi in the 44th year of Wanli (1616). Peng Dexian, the son of Peng ruxie, was admitted to the Imperial College. Peng long, the son of Peng Dexian, was a Jinshi in 1659. When Peng Dingqiu, Peng Long's son, became famous all over the world.

Personal profile

Peng Dingqiu, whose name is Qin Zhi, is called Lian, and the scholar is called "Mr. Nan Yi". When he was 6 years old, Peng Ding wanted to study and read in primary school. When he was 11 years old, his father explained Cheng Zhu's Neo Confucianism to him and asked him to study Neo Confucianism under the guidance of Tang bin, a famous Neo Confucianist. Under the influence of his father and teacher, Peng Dingqiu had a strong interest in Neo Confucianism, so he devoted himself to the study of Neo Confucianism. At the age of 16, he began to write eight part essay and prepare for the imperial examination.

Life experience

Early experience

When Peng Dingqiu was 23 years old, his father Peng Long became magistrate of Changning (now Xinfeng, Guangdong). Peng Dingqiu was at home to care for his mother. After three years, Peng Long was led into a case and arrested. Peng Dingqiu plans to visit his father in Changning. Before he leaves, he goes to ask his fellow countryman Yang Yongjian. Yang Yongjian's official asks him to write a letter to a senior official in Guangdong Province to intercede with his father. When Yang Yongjian sees Peng Dingqiu's sincerity, he agrees. Peng Dingqiu bid farewell to his mother and set out on the road. After more than 40 days, he arrived in Changning, with a journey of more than 4000 Li. After seeing his father, the disheveled Peng Dingqiu held his father and burst into tears. All the people around him were moved. Peng Dingqiu runs around to vindicate his father, and Peng Long is finally released.

In August of the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), Peng Ding asked to go to Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) to take part in the rural examination. After the ninth, twelfth and fifteenth examinations in junior high school, Peng Dingqiu ranked in the top 20 and became a Juren.

This year, Peng Dingqiu's age is eight.

There are generally no more than 30 candidates for the provincial examination. Peng Dingqiu's place in the local examination is low. In the coming year's examination, Peng Dingqiu failed again.

In February of the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), Peng Dingqiu entered Beijing again to take part in the meeting examination and won the first place in the meeting. During the palace examination, his papers were ranked third by the "Minister of reading papers" who was responsible for marking papers. The top 10 papers in the palace examination were presented to the emperor. Emperor Kangxi appreciated Peng Dingqiu's papers and asked why the "reading minister" put Huiyuan's papers in the third place. "Reading volume minister" said that his regular script was not as good as the first two volumes. Emperor Kangxi's Long Yan was displeased and said: "Huiyuan's paper meant to encourage me. It's very good. Are pre Confucian masters Zhou (Dunyi), Cheng (Chenghao, Chengyi), Zhu (XI) and Zhang (Zai) calligraphers? The "reading ministers" were afraid and kowtowed. Emperor Kangxi promoted Peng Dingqiu's paper as the first.

Therefore, Peng Dingqiu became the 15th champion since the founding of the Qing Dynasty.

This year, Peng Dingqiu's new year 30 has two.

Experience as an official

After he became the number one scholar in the Imperial Academy, Peng Ding sought to be a member of the Imperial Academy to write and master the history of the country. Before long, he got a film called jinsilu, which he loved very much. Near Si Lu is compiled by Zhu Xi and Lv Zuqian, a master of Neo Confucianism, who compiled the essences of Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhang Zai of Neo Confucianism. Peng Dingqiu had been keen on Neo Confucianism for a long time. After he got this book, he copied it and read it repeatedly, which was regarded as the criterion of words and deeds. In the spring of the next year, Peng Ding asked Shangshu for leave and went home to visit his father. In the autumn, he arrived home and served his father every day. Peng Dingqiu had just become an official, but he was tired of officialdom. He planned to become an official and study Neo Confucianism at home. He lived at home for three years. Later, at the urging of his father, he returned to Beijing. Soon after, he took up the post of daily announcer, explaining the classics and history to Emperor Kangxi, accompanying him to participate in various major activities and recording in the book. Then, he moved to be the deputy chief of the Imperial Academy, Si ye, and then to be a preacher, who served Emperor Kangxi to lecture on the classics and history.

With the promotion of his position, Peng Dingqiu was more and more tired of his official career and expected to resign and return home to study Neo Confucianism. But it was against his father's orders, so he asked for leave repeatedly. After his father's death, he finally got what he wanted, resigned and went home to study Neo Confucianism.

All in all, Peng had been in the Academy for only four years.

Personal ending

In the 57th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, Peng Dingqiu's illness worsened. He wrote his own epitaph, which said: "Yifeng's wonderful bow is a symbol of Qi. He knows that life and death are like day and night. It's primitive and ends in the opposite. He follows reason and obeys fate "

In April of the following year, Peng Dingqiu died at the age of 75.

Neo Confucianism

Peng Dingqiu is unique in Neo Confucianism.

Peng Dingqiu's teacher, Tang bin, learned from sun Qifeng; sun Qifeng learned from Lu Shanji; Lu Shanji learned from Wang Shouren's chuanxilu. Therefore, Peng Dingqiu's academic thought is also very lower than Wang Shouren's.

Wang Shouren inherited and developed Lu Jiuyuan's "theory of mind" in the Southern Song Dynasty. He regarded people's heart as the master of all things, advocated "to conscience", and asked people to experience the ethics and morality existing in conscience with conscience. Wang Shouren's "theory of mind" has almost swept the whole ideological circle. The rise of Wang Xue is a powerful impact on Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism. As a neo Confucianism, Lu, Wang, Cheng and Zhu all advocated "preserving the natural principle and eliminating human desires". However, Lu, Wang, Cheng and Zhu are different as heretics of Neo Confucianism. Cheng and Zhu, with "reason" as the main body, more highlighted the transcendental norms of super perceptual reality; Lu and Wang, with heart as the main body, more connected with perceptual flesh and blood. Wang Xue became the philosophical basis of romantic humanistic thoughts after the middle of Ming Dynasty. Those who praised Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism tried to belittle Lu Wang's theory of mind. As a result, there was a struggle between Cheng Zhu's Neo Confucianism and Lu Wang's Neo Confucianism.

In this situation, Peng Dingqiu tried to reconcile Lu Wang's theory of mind with Cheng Zhu's. He wrote that Wang Shouren highly praised Zhu Xi, and there was Zhu Xi in his thoughts. Peng Dingqiu wanted to dress up Wang Shouren as a person who absorbed Lu's mind and Zhu's Neo Confucianism. In fact, this is the revelation of Peng Dingqiu's thought. He is not trapped in the family opinion. Although he is from Wang's mind, he also adopts Cheng Zhu's Neo Confucianism.

Peng Dingqiu has lived at home for many years. In the 44th year of Kangxi reign, the emperor ordered Peng Dingqiu, Wang Shiqin, Xu Shuben and others to revise the complete Tang poetry, reward the imperial book, and pass a decree to inquire about the disease. Fifty two years, Emperor Kangxi "longevity day", Peng Dingqiu entered Beijing to congratulate.

Chinese PinYin : Peng Ding Qiu