Zhang penghe

Zhang penghe

Zhang penghe (December 20, 1649 - April 1, 1725) was born in heibaigou, Suining County, Tongchuan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. He was a famous official and river expert in Qing Dynasty.

Zhang penghe became a scholar in the ninth year of Kangxi (1670) and served in the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties. He served successively as the head of the Ministry of punishment, the magistrate of Suzhou, the magistrate of Yanzhou, the salt transportation envoy of Hedong, the counselor of the Department of General Administration, the Shaoqing of Dali temple, the governor of Zhejiang, the right servant of the Ministry of war, the censor of zuodu, the Minister of the Ministry of punishment, the governor of Jiangnan Jiangxi, the governor of riverway, and the Minister of the Ministry of household. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he served as the grand Bachelor of Wenhua palace, known as the "Prime Minister of Suining". Yongzheng three years (1725) in office died of illness, posthumous Wenduan, buried in Suining County Qingyuan mountain (now Chongqing Tongnan District Xiaodu town Qingyuan mountain), at the age of 77.

Zhang penghe once worked with soetu to demarcate the eastern boundary between China and Russia in preparation for the signing of the Treaty of nebuchu. He also presided over the harnessing of the Yellow River for ten years, such as the harnessing of the mouth, the plugging of six dams, the construction of Rendi, and the harnessing of the Yellow River by means of straightening every bend and helping the Yellow River to brush sand. Zhang penghe is good at poetry and prose, and has written "ice and snow hall draft", "Ruyi hall draft", "xinyangzi Zhuo Lu", "a brief account of the Russian tour of Fengshi" and "the complete book of river control". Later generations compiled the complete works of Zhang wenduangong in Suining.

(source of overview map) < / I >

Life of the characters

Early experience

On November 17, 1649 (December 20, 1649), Zhang penghe was born in Suining County, Tongchuan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Because his father Zhang Jian wanted him to spread his wings and soar in the sky, he was named penghe, with the word Yunqing and the name Kuanyu.

When Zhang penghe was born, it coincided with the beginning of the Qing Dynasty's entry into GATT. According to Zhang Fu's self-report "jinyulu": in 1644, the Zhang family suffered from uprising and war, and moved to Pengxi, Nanchong and other places. When Zhang penghe was a child, he knew the hardships of the world and studied hard. At the age of three, Zhang penghe moved with his father to dayangou, huaishuchang, Xichong County (now huaishuzhen, Xichong County). He can also read "the University" on the spot.

In 1658, at the age of nine, Zhang penghe began to show his talent and studied with Peng Jueshan, a famous scholar in Central Sichuan.

The imperial examination was smooth

Zhang penghe, a young man, was determined to rise at the crow of a rooster. He was tireless in studying and discussing. He took the ancient sages as his goal. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Zhang penghe entered the school with the first grade in the county and state road test.

In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Zhang penghe took part in the provincial examination in Sichuan Province and won the honor of Fang kaoguan and pan Zhibiao (poet) < / I > of Pengxi county.

In February of the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), Zhang penghe took part in the joint examination and the palace examination. He was the 122nd Jinshi in the third grade of the middle school and was elected as a good scholar in the Imperial Academy. When he was in the Imperial Academy, his colleagues all argued for giving each other articles, hoping that they could take care of each other in their official career in the future. Only Zhang penghe studied in the library, came and went alone, and didn't have frivolous habits. His colleagues all admired him very much. Three years of life as a scholar in the Imperial Academy not only opened his eyes to Zhang penghe from central Sichuan, but also provided him with a lot of knowledge for his official career.

I've been blessed

In 1673, at the age of 25, Zhang penghe became the principal of Fujian Department of the Ministry of criminal justice, and later served as the editor of the law and code hall. During the Beijing inspection, Zhang penghe was assessed as first-class, so he soon changed his post to wailang, a member of Shanxi Department of the Ministry of punishment. He actively tried cases, cleared up unjust cases and suspected prison, did not evade the powerful and dignitaries, and held justice in awe of the public.

In 1675, Zhang penghe was appointed as the same examiner (Deputy examiner) in shuntianfu (now Beijing area). After returning to the court, Emperor Kangxi personally summoned Zhang penghe in maoqin hall and enjoyed very high treatment. In the same year, Zhang penghe was instructed to study Manchu. The study of Manchu broadened the channels and fields for the development of his official career. After that, Zhang penghe led the bodyguard minister suoetu to negotiate with Russia. The important reason was that he was proficient in Manchu.

In 1679, Zhang penghe was appointed as the general examination promotion officer, the palace examination deacon, and the imperial examination Gongshi marking officer. The next year, Emperor Kangxi summoned him again.

How to govern a city

In 1680, Zhang penghe became the magistrate of Suzhou, and began his official career as the leader of the government. As soon as Zhang penghe performed his duties, he was entrusted with important tasks, which shows Emperor Kangxi's trust in him. He learned that Suzhou was heavily taxed and had been in drought for many years, so he went to the imperial court to apply for delaying the payment of taxes owed by the people over the years and relaxing the assessment methods. The officials and the people were very grateful to him. But six days later, Zhang penghe's mother, Mrs. Jing Tai, passed away. He was worried about his mother at home.

In 1683, Zhang penghe was the magistrate of Yanzhou. During this period, he had a clean and honest style, tried the backlog of difficult cases in the past, cleared up many unjust cases, and released 30 unjust people; he attached great importance to agriculture and mulberry, set up education, made the people live and work in peace and contentment, and changed the style of the people greatly. When he left office, the officials and the people stood in the way and cried.

In April of the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), due to the death of Yu Chenglong, the governor of Jiangxi Province, the "No.1 incorruptible official in the world", Kangxi ordered six departments to recommend incorruptible officials. In May, as the magistrate of Yanzhou, Zhang penghe was recommended as the "incorruptible official" in the world, and became the model of "incorruptible ability" set by Emperor Kangxi. After this recommendation, Zhang penghe officially entered the eyes of Kangxi. On November 17, Emperor Kangxi Luan arrived in Qufu, Shandong Province. The officials went to the poetry Hall of the Confucius Temple to listen, while the other local officials were waiting outside. After Emperor Kangxi sat down, he called Zhang penghe, the governor of Yanzhou, an upright official. He could also enter the palace to listen to lectures, and then he was introduced to Shandong Province and listed after the governor of Shandong Province. After Kangxi left the Confucius Mansion in Qufu, Shandong Province, he stayed in Yanzhou, which is enough to show that he fully affirmed Zhang penghe's performance and personal character.

In February 1689, Zhang penghe was promoted to governor of Zhejiang Province because of his good reputation. When he arrived, he returned the gorgeous furnishings, lived a simple life, worked hard in government affairs, got rid of bad rules and bad habits, and severely punished corrupt officials. We should pay attention to education to rectify the common customs, forbid apportionment and tax reduction, and provide relief to the victims to ensure their stable life. The society is stable and the people are abundant.

In the 33rd year of Kangxi (1694), Zhang penghe was promoted to the right Minister of the Ministry of war. When he left Zhejiang, the people who were grateful for Zhang penghe blocked his sedan chair on the road and tried every means to keep him. After that, the local people painted his portrait in the pavilion and temple in the city, asking future generations not to forget his benevolent government. In the same year, Zhang penghe was promoted to Jiangnan Xuezheng. At that time, there was a lot of malpractice in the imperial examination. He is impartial and impartial, which makes some candidates dare not submit their own letters of recommendation. He presided over the scientific examination impartially, and many of the talents he selected were poor and insightful. Jiangnan scholars also deeply miss his noble demeanor and integrity, and they are always grateful to mention his name.

rapidly go up in the world

In the 36th year of Kangxi (1697), Zhang penghe was recalled to the capital. Emperor Kangxi praised him as "the first man in the world" and promoted him to be the censor of zuodu in duchayuan. On July 25, Zhang penghe was ordered to sacrifice to Huashan, the western mountain. In September, Zhang penghe went to Chengdu to visit his parents and accompany his father Zhang Zhen from lijintang, Chengdu, back to Suining's hometown to worship his ancestors. In the winter of the same year, Zhang penghe sailed from the Three Gorges to Jingzhou and landed in Beijing.

In April of the 37th year of Kangxi (1698), the governor of Shaanxi Province, Buka impeached Wu He, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi Province, who had embezzled the "grain silver" of the common people. Zhang penghe and Fu lata, the Minister of punishment, were sent to Shaanxi for trial. Zhang penghe enforced the law impartially, severely punished corruption, and punished all those who violated the law below the governor. In July, Zhang penghe was promoted to minister of the Ministry of punishment. Because he was upright, honest and upright, and did not avoid power, corrupt officials were afraid of him. Emperor Kangxi always sent him to deal with major cases. Shortly after he took office as Minister of the Ministry of punishment, Jiangsu governor GA Li falsely accused Suzhou magistrate Chen Pengnian that Chen Pengnian's poem revisiting Huqiu was anti poetry, and Emperor Kangxi sent Zhang penghe to investigate and deal with it. At that time, Zhang penghe's son was a subordinate of Kari. The tyrannical and violent Kari threatened: "if Zhang penghe is on my head, I will kill his son!" But the upright Zhang penghe was not frightened by his threat, so he came to the conclusion of "Zhipeng year and qugeli". In November, Zhang penghe was appointed governor of Jiangxi Province.

In the spring of 1699, Kangxi visited the South and inspected the fortifications along the river. Zhang penghe went to Yangzhou to welcome him and then went to Beijing together. In June, Emperor Kangxi ordered Zhang penghe to go to Shaanxi to close the case. He said frankly that both Chen shubuka and Wu he were involved in the corruption case, and so he was convicted. In the same year, Zhang penghe engraved "imperial farming and weaving map", which was inscribed by Kangxi, with a total of 46 pictures. It is the earliest complete set of image data of agricultural production in China.

In 1700, Zhang penghe returned to Beijing from Shaanxi. Emperor Kangxi appreciated this very much, and said to the scholars: "when Zhang penghe went to Shaanxi, I paid close attention to his visit. As a result, he was absolutely incorruptible, and there were no incorruptible officials in the world."

Ten years of harnessing the Yellow River

In the 39th year of Kangxi (1700), Zhang penghe was appointed as the governor of the river course, when the Yellow River was overflowing and floods continued for many years. Before taking office, Emperor Kangxi instructed Zhang penghe to "destroy the Yellow River dam, remove the obstruction of Mangdao River, open the Yellow River waterway, and build water conservancy projects in turn." After Zhang penghe took office, he first removed Xu Tingxi from his post and his servants in the name of "supervisor", and wrote to Emperor Kangxi: "ministers should not obstruct me from taking charge of river works on the ground of inspection." After a series of job adjustments, a strong collective leadership has been formed in harnessing the Yellow River.

In 1702, Emperor Kangxi wanted to use his experience in harnessing the Yongding River to build a dam from Xuzhou to Qingkou

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Peng He