Zhang Ruoxu

Zhang Ruoxu

Zhang Ruoxu (about 670-730), born in Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province), was a poet and scholar of the Tang Dynasty.

He was once a soldier in Yanzhou. During the reign of emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, he Zhizhang and other scholars were famous as Wu Yue literati. He is well-known for his "moonlit night on the Spring River". Together with he Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong, he is known as the "four scholars in Wuzhong". There are only two of his poems, which are included in the whole Tang poetry, among which the night of flowers on the spring river is a well-known masterpiece. It follows the old title of Yuefu of Chen and Sui dynasties to express the sincere and moving feelings of parting and the feelings of life full of philosophy. The language is fresh and beautiful, and the rhythm is melodious. It washes away the thick fat and gorgeous powder of palace style poetry, and gives people the feeling of clarity, emptiness, beauty and nature. It is known as "the lonely chapter covers the whole Tang Dynasty".

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Life of the characters

Zhang Ruoxu, who lived from the middle of the seventh century to the early eighth century, was once a soldier of Yanzhou. His deeds can be seen in the biography of he Zhizhang in the old book of Tang Dynasty.

Zhongzong Shenlong (705-707) and he Zhizhang, he Chao, Wan Qirong, Xing Ju, Bao Rong were all famous for their beautiful words in Kyoto. The complete Tang poetry said that he and he Zhizhang (from Yongxing, Yuezhou, now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Zhang Xu (from Suzhou), Bao Rong (from Yanling, Runzhou, now Danyang, now Huzhou), were called "four scholars in Wuzhong", and their words were beautiful. He was still alive in Kaiyuan.

Main impact

overview

The description of his poems is exquisite, the syllables are harmonious, the poems are beautiful and full of sentiment, which plays an important role in the transformation of poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty. However, under the influence of the Six Dynasties' gentle poetry style, it often reveals the impermanence of life. Most of the poems have been lost, and there are only two poems in the whole Tang Dynasty. One of them is "the night of flowers and moons on the Spring River", which is a masterpiece of all ages. It is a well-known work, and has the reputation of "overwhelming the whole Tang Dynasty with isolated poems"; Wen Yiduo commented that "the night of flowers and moons on the Spring River" is "the poem in the poem, the peak in the peak". Another poem is Dai Da GUI Meng Huan.

There are only two poems of Zhang Ruoxu in the whole Tang Dynasty. Among them, the moon night on the spring river is a well-known work. It follows the old title of Yuefu in Chen and Sui dynasties to express the sincere and moving feelings of parting and the philosophical feelings of life. The language is fresh and beautiful, and the rhythm is melodious, which washes away the rich fat and gorgeous powder of palace style poetry, giving people a clear, clear and natural feeling.

A case study of the night of flowers on the Spring River

The artistic beauty of the poem can be expressed in three aspects: first, the beauty of the scene. The artistic conception created by Zhang Ruoxu in his poems is ethereal in the distance, and his ci poems are full of elegance but not loss of red tape, which is far-reaching, deep and picturesque. 2、 The beauty of music. "Chunjiang Huayue night" is originally the name of Yuefu song, which belongs to "Qing Shangqu · Wu Shengge". It is said that it was founded by Empress Chen and probably adapted from the folk songs of Wu. Zhang Ruoxu is a native of Yangzhou and one of the "four scholars in Wuzhong". He must be familiar with this song. and

The characteristics of the content and form of the poem are embodied as follows: the artistic conception of the poem is "free and easy" and the philosophical "meeting with eternity". Zhang Ruoxu integrates the real life experience into the image of beauty, the combination of poetry and painting, the strong emotional atmosphere, and the empty and pure poetic realm, which indicates that the creation of the poet's poetic artistic conception has reached the stage of perfection The arrival of Tang poetry made full artistic preparation. It is said that it was composed by the empress of the Chen Dynasty (Shubao) and the female scholars and courtiers in the palace. It is one of the most beautiful tunes in the song. However, Zhang Ruoxu's "spring river flower moonlit night" has absorbed the essence of the Southern Dynasties literature and the nutrition of contemporary literature, and has opened up the lofty artistic conception and rhythm of poetry, so that the content and form of poetry have been perfectly unified. It lays the foundation for the integration of scenery, narration and lyricism, and creates a new pattern. There are thirty-six sentences in the poem, with three rhymes in each group. The four sentences begin with Ping Sheng rhyme and end with Ze rhyme. With the change of rhymes, the whole poem alternates between flat and narrow rhymes, alternates between high and low rhymes, inherits harmony, and comes out one after another. The sense of rhythm of music is strong and beautiful. This change of voice and charm is in harmony with the content, but also with the transformation of poetry, so that the voice and the text are closely linked, harmonious, emotional and rich in folk song color. In addition, simile, metonymy, personification, contrast, contrast, antithesis, reduplication, questioning, symbolism and other techniques are also used in the poem to blend the feelings and scenes, create the interaction between the virtual and the real, and leave people unlimited imagination space, which is more abundant than the predecessors. And the round sound and smooth language are more close to the characteristics of "deep in simple out" of the voice of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Main works

In Tang Dynasty, there seems to be no poetry collection handed down. From the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Ruoxu's poem "the night of flowers on the Spring River" was almost ignored. According to the textual research of Cheng Qianfan, a scholar of literature and history, there are ten kinds of Tang poems selected by the Tang people, novels of miscellaneous notes by the Tang people, anthologies of Tang poetry of the Song Dynasty such as Wen Yuan Ying Hua, Tang Wen Cui, Tang Bai Jia Shi Xuan and Tang Shi Ji Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Ji, and Tang Yin of the Yuan Dynasty. There is not only no Anthology of Tang poetry, but also no mention of it in more than 20 kinds of poetry talks from Tang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty.

The earliest book to collect his poems on the spring river is Volume 47 of Yuefu Poetry Anthology by Guo Maoqian of the Song Dynasty, which contains seven poems from five families with the same title, including one by Zhang Ruoxu.

In Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Li Panlong collected Zhang Ruoxu's poem Chunjiang in his ancient and modern poetry abridgement, three kinds of anthologies Tang shisuo, Tang Shijie and Tang Shigui in Wanli period, seven character ancient poetry in Chongzhen period, shicang anthologies of past dynasties, and Tang Shijing in the end of Ming Dynasty.

The earliest mention of Zhang Ruoxu and his poetry is Hu Yinglin's shisou, which was written in Wanli. In the Qing Dynasty, the important anthologies of Tang poetry, such as Ji Zhensun's Tang poetry, Xu Zeng's Er'an Shuo Tang poetry, Yuzhi Quan Tang Poetry (Volume 19 and volume 117), Shen Deqian's revising Tang poetry and Guan Shiming's reading snow mountain room Tang poetry notes, etc., all included his Chunjiang poetry, some of which are related to the appendix I'd like to comment on it.

Today's popular works are: answer the boudoir dream on behalf of others and spring river flower moon night.

Historical evaluation

Zhang Ruoxu, born in Yangzhou, is a soldier of Yanzhou. Together with he Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong, he wrote two poems. ———— Complete Tang poetry of the Qing Dynasty

If empty, Yanzhou soldiers Cao - < I > the old book of the Tang Dynasty · art and literature · biography of he Zhizhang

First of all, among the Dragon gods, Zhizhang and he Chao and WAN Qirong in Yuezhou, Zhang Ruoxu and Xing Ju in Yangzhou, and Bao Rong in Huzhou are all famous in Shangjing for their excellent writing and CI. ———— Old book of the Tang Dynasty

Among Tianbao, Liu Xiyi, Wang Changling, Zu Yong, Zhang Ruoxu, Meng Haoran, Chang Jian, Li Bai and Du Fu, though famous for their articles, have never been seen in exile. ———— Zheng chujiao's miscellaneous records of the Ming Emperor

On a moonlit night on the spring river, it is a well-known piece. If you look at the style of the poem, you can see that Liu Xiyi's various pieces of Daoyi are similar. This is the early Tang Dynasty. And if Xu and he Jizhen were equally famous at the same time, they were suddenly divided into early prosperity, and the editor was very careless. When I read the poem, I would like to congratulate the secretary. If the clouds open up and the mountains come out, and the realm is a new one, I'd rather set it up at the beginning and celebrate it in sheng'er. ———— Zai Jiu Yuan Shi Hua You Bian

Ruoxu was born at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. He was as famous as he Zhizhang and Zhang Xu. ————Other selections of Tang Poetry

Zhang Ruoxu's the night of flowers on the spring river is in the style of Xizhou. It's so lonely that it's very popular. Li He and Shang Yin are full of their freshness, while Song Ci and Yuan poetry are their tributaries. ———— Wang Kaiyun's Xiang Qi Lou on Tang Poetry

It is impossible to estimate Zhang Ruoxu's achievements. ————Wen Yiduo's Gong Ti Shi's self redemption

The poem in the poem, the peak in the peak. ————Wen Yiduo

interpersonal relationship

Zhang Ruoxu, he Zhizhang (from Yongxing, Yuezhou, now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Zhang Xu (from Suzhou), Bao Rong (from Yanling, Runzhou, now Danyang, now Huzhou), were named "four scholars in Wuzhong"

Commemoration of later generations

Zhang Ruoxu Memorial

Zhang Ruoxu Memorial Hall and Chunjiang Huayue night art museum are located in Guazhou, a millennium ancient town, with a total construction area of about 2000 square meters. They are divided into seven exhibition areas: preface hall, Zhang Ruoxu and the "four scholars in Wuzhong", origin of song and Ci, picturesque musical rhyme, artistic soul, memory of Guazhou, Millennium dialogue (tail Hall). They adopt "sound, light, electricity" and "sound, poetry, calligraphy and painting, and intangible cultural heritage skills" to stand in an all-round way This paper introduces Zhang Ruoxu and his works, interprets the charm of the classic poem "moonlit night on the Spring River", shows the ancient literature works, modern music works and Yangzhou intangible cultural heritage works with the theme of "moonlit night on the Spring River", and reproduces the Millennium scenery of crossing Guazhou through new multimedia technology.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Ruo Xu