Huan Xuan

Huan Xuan

Huanxuan (369-404 June 19), a Lingbao, was born in Longkang County of Qiaoguo (now Longkang Town, Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province). He was a powerful minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the son of the great Sima Huanwen and the founding emperor of Huan Chu.

The appearance is magnificent and the spirit of wind is sparse. Comprehensive art, good at writing. Xijue, the Duke of Nanjun, is known as Huannan Jun in the world. He successively eliminated Yin Zhongkan and Yang Quanqi, removed the ruling Sima Daozi and his son, and controlled the power of the imperial government. He successively served as the minister, the governor, the Chinese and foreign military, the prime minister, Lu Shangshu, Yangzhou mu, the prime minister, the general, and the king of Chu. In the winter of the first year of Daheng (403), Emperor Jin'an was coerced into abdication, establishing Huan Chu and changing the Yuan Dynasty to "Yongshi".

In the first year of Yongshi (404), Liu Yu, a general of the northern government, was defeated and fled back to Jiangling, where he was defeated by the Western rebellion. He tried to enter Yizhou and was killed by Feng Qian, the governor of Yizhou. He was only 36 years old. He has written twenty volumes of Huan Xuan Ji.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Huan Xuan was Huan Wen's concubine and youngest son. He was loved by Huan Wen since he was a child. In 373, the first year of Ningkang, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Huan Wen died. He ordered his younger brother Huan Chong to take charge of his army and take over the post of governor of Yangzhou. He was appointed the Duke of Nanjun by Huan Xuan, who was five years old at that time. Two years later, when Huan Xuan's mourning period ended, Huan Chong also left his post as governor of Yangzhou. Yangzhou civil and military officials bid farewell to Huan Chong. Huan Chong touched Huan Xuan's head and said, "this is your old official family." After hearing this, Huan Xuan hid his face and cried. Everyone was surprised at this reaction.

When he grew up, Huan Xuan was magnificent in appearance, bright in manner, knowledgeable in art, and good at writing articles. He was quite conceited of his talent and family status, and always thought he was a hero. However, because his father Huan Wen had signs of usurping the throne in his later years, the imperial court had always been wary of him and did not dare to appoint him. In the 16th year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (391 A.D.), Huan Xuan, 23, was appointed Prince Xima. A few years later, when Ren Yixing (now Yixing, Jiangsu Province) came out, he was not satisfied with his ambition. He once sighed: "my father is uncle Kyushu, and my son is the head of the five lakes!" So he abandoned his official and returned to Nanjun (now Jiangling, Hubei). On his way through Jiankang, he met with the ruling Prime Minister Sima Daozi. Sima Daozi drank too much and said to him in front of the public, "my father Huan Wen wanted to be a thief in his later years. What do you think?" Huan Xuan was too scared to sweat. SHIXIE, the governor of the royal family, put an end to this embarrassing situation. Huan Xuan hated Sima Daozi deeply. Huan Xuan deeply felt that he was suspected by the Jin court, so he filed a lawsuit against him. However, as the stone sank into the sea, there was no news.

Huan Xuan lived in Jiangling, the governing place of Jingzhou. At first, Wang Chen, the governor of Jingzhou, fought against Huan Xuan everywhere and suppressed him. In October of the 17th year of Taiyuan (392), Wang Chen died and took office. Emperor Xiaowu of Jin intended to take over Wang Gong. Although Huan Xuan was dissatisfied with Wang Chen, he was also afraid of Wang Gong. So he sent people to Beijing to bribe the nun Zhi Miaoyin whom emperor Xiaowu trusted. He asked emperor Xiaowu to appoint Yin Zhongkan, who was regarded as a "weak talent", to be the governor of Jingzhou State. Yin Zhongkan was very respectful to Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan was domineering over Jingzhou by virtue of his father and uncle's prestige of governing Jingzhou for many years. The scholars were more afraid of him than Yin Zhongkan. As a result, Yin Zhongkan became intimate with him, and Huan Xuan intended to please him with the help of his military power.

Respond to Wang Gong

In the first year of Long'an (397) of Jin'an emperor, Wang Xu, a minister of state, and a general of Jianwei, relied on Sima Daozi, the king of Kuaiji, who was in power. Because he was afraid of Wang Gong, the governor of Qing and Yan prefectures, he planned to weaken the towns. Huan Xuan knew that Wang Gong was worried about Wang Guobao's disorderly administration, so he persuaded Yin Zhongkan to fight against Wang Guobao, and sent someone to contact Wang Gong and made him the leader of the alliance. At that time, Yin Zhongkan worried that without the emperor's support, he would be taken advantage of by Wang Guobao and others when he was thought that his ability did not reach a state. Huan Xuan also used this worry to persuade Yin Zhongkan, but Yin Zhongkan always hesitated. However, at that time, Wang Gong had decided to take the initiative to join Yin Zhongkan. Yin Zhongkan was rewarded and agreed to respond to Wang Gong. Before long, the imperial court was afraid and killed Wang Guobao and Wang Xu to calm down the situation. Wang Gong also stopped his troops. In this process, Yin Zhongkan and Huan Xuan never carried out actual military action.

After Wang Gong raised his army, Sima Daozi worried about the threat of Wang Gong and Yin Zhongkan, so he took Sima Shangzhi and Sima Xiuzhi as his confidants. In the second year of Long'an (398 AD), because Huan Xuan asked the imperial court to let him serve as the governor of Guangzhou, and Sima Daozi was also afraid of him and didn't want him to continue to occupy Jingzhou, he issued an imperial edict to supervise the military affairs of the two cantons, general Jianwei, general Zhonglang of Pingyue, governor of Guangzhou and fajie. Huan Xuan didn't go to the post after he was appointed. At the same time, Sima Daozi obeyed Sima Shang's many foreign vassals. Unexpectedly, he ordered Wang Gong to raise his troops again because he had robbed Yukai, the governor of Yuzhou. Wang Gong then joined Huan Xuan and Yin Zhongkan to raise his troops against Sima Shang's brothers. Huan and Yin also regarded him as the leader of the alliance. Yin Zhongkan thought that Wang Gong would surely succeed this time, so he took an active part in the war and sent 5000 troops to Huan Xuan, followed by Yang Quanqi, the Prime Minister of Nanjun, who was the vanguard, to the south of the Yangtze River. When Yang and Huan arrived at zhuokou, Wang Yu, the governor of Jiangzhou, who was also the target of the Crusade, fled to Linchuan, but was chased by Huan Xuan. Later, although Yu Kai was defeated by Sima Shangzhi and came to join Huan Xuan, Huan Xuan also defeated the Imperial Army in Baishi. Later, although Wang Gong was defeated because of Liu's defection, Huan Xuan and Yang Quanqi went to Shitou, forcing Sima Yuanxian to return to the defense capital, and ordered Yin wangkai of Danyang to guard Shitou city. However, because Liu Kuzhi, who had just betrayed Wang Gong, led the northern government troops to the capital, Huan Xuan and Yang Quanqi withdrew caizhou (now Jiangzhong, southwest of Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province) because of fear and continued to confront the imperial army.

At that time, Sima Daozi intended to lure Huan Xuan and Yang Quanqi to attack Yin Zhongkan, so he took Huan Xuan as the governor of Jiangzhou, Yang Quanqi as the governor of Yongzhou, and Yin Zhongkan was demoted to Guangzhou. This made Yin Zhongkan angry and ordered Huan Xuan and Yang Quanqi to attack Jiankang. However, Huan Xuan was very happy with the appointment, and he intended to accept it, but he hesitated. At that time, Yin Zhongkan heard from his younger brother Yin Hui that Yang Quanqi had decided to take orders, so he began to withdraw. With Yin Zhongkan's retreat, Yang Quanqi's Department, Liu Xi, also withdrew first. Huan Xuan and others were terrified, and then retreated to the west, until Xunyang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) caught up with Yin Zhongkan. Yin Zhongkan lost the governor of Jingzhou and relied on Huan Xuan for support. Huan Xuan himself had to rely on Yin Zhongkan's forces, so they combined according to the situation. Because of their family reputation, Yin Zhongkan and Yang Quanqi jointly promoted Huan Xuan as the leader of the alliance, and they were not ordered by the court. Seeing this, the imperial court was so afraid that it had to issue an imperial edict to appease Yin Zhongkan and ask him to resume his post as governor of Jingzhou. So they were ordered to return to the camp.

Seizing Jingzhou

As early as when Huan Xuan was rampant in Jiangling, Yin Zhongkan's Pro party had advised him to kill Huan Xuan, but he didn't listen. After Huan Xuan was promoted as the leader of the alliance, he became more proud. Yang Quanqi was treated as a humble family by Huan Xuan. However, Yang Quanqi, who was born in Hongnong Yang family, thought that his family was a Chinese nobleman. He always thought that the other gentry in Jiangdong could not match his family. So he was very dissatisfied with Huan Xuan and even planned to attack and kill him. However, Yin Zhongkan was afraid that he could not control Yang Quanqi's brothers after his death . At that time, Huan Xuan also knew that Yang Quanqi wanted to kill himself, so he had the intention to destroy Yang Quanqi. He settled in Xiakou and took Bian Fanzhi, the prefect of Shi'an, as the leader.

In the third year of Long'an (399), Huan Xuan asked for the expansion of his jurisdiction, and the ruling Sima Yuanxian (son of Sima Daozi) also wanted to take the opportunity to alienate the relationship between Huan Xuan and Yin and Yang. Therefore, he added the four military prefectures of Jingzhou Changsha County, Hengyang County, Xiangdong county and Lingling County, and replaced Yang Guang, Yang Quanqi's elder brother, with Huan Wei as Nanman's captain. This action angered Yang Quanqi's brothers. Yang Quanqi even started his army in the name of supporting Luoyang, which was besieged by the later Qin Dynasty, but they were all stopped by Yin Zhongkan. When there was a flood in Jingzhou, Yin Zhongkan opened a warehouse to relieve the victims. Huan Xuan took this opportunity to set up his army, also in the name of rescuing Luoyang. At that time, Huan Xuan wrote to Yin Zhongkan, saying that he wanted to destroy Yang Quanqi, and ordered Yin Zhongkan to kill Yang Guang, otherwise he would attack Jiangling. Huan Xuan attacked Yin Zhongkan's grain in baling, and pretended that he had received an order from the imperial court to order Guo Quan to be his vanguard in order to win over Yang Quanqi. So he gave Jiang XiaBing to him and ordered him to supervise the troops.

At that time, Huan Xuan secretly reported that Huan Wei was an internal agent, but Huan Wei gave himself up to Yin Zhongkan, so he was taken hostage by Yin Zhongkan, and ordered him to write a letter to Huan Xuan, in which he urged Huan Xuan to stop fighting. However, Huan Xuan was not moved, and he would not be in danger because of Yin Zhongkan's indecision and constant consideration of his son's character. Yin Zhongkan also sent Yin Yu to lead 7000 water troops to xijiangkou, and Huan Xuan sent Guo Quan and Fu Hong to defeat him. Later, Yin Zhongkan sent Yang Guang and Yin Daohu to attack, and Huan Xuan defeated them at Yangkou, and they were close to the mouth of Jiangling, shaking Jiangling. After Yang Quanqi came to attack from Xiangyang, Huan Xuan retreated to avoid his cutting edge for a time, but finally defeated Yang Quanqi. Later, Feng Gai, the Ministry of military affairs, chased him and killed him. Yin Zhongkan ran away and was chased by Feng Gai. Later, he was forced to commit suicide by Huan Xuan.

At the end of Huan Xuan's reign, Yang Quanqi and Yin Zhongkan were annihilated, so in the following year (AD 400), he asked the imperial court to lead the two prefectures of Jingjiang. The imperial court issued an imperial edict to Huan Xuan's governor, Jingsi, Yongqin, liangyining, Qizhou's military officers, Hou generals, Jingzhou's governor and Feijie, and to Huan Wei as Jiangzhou's governor. However, Huan Xuan insisted that he should lead the governor of Jiangzhou himself. The imperial court only allowed Huan Xuan to lead the governor of Jiangzhou and the eight prefectures of Yuzhou in Yangzhou. Huan Xuan also took Huan Wei as the governor of Yongzhou. Due to the worsening of sun en's rebellion at that time, the Imperial court could not disobey him. Huan Xuan then took the opportunity to appoint his heart and train his troops in Jingzhou, and repeatedly asked to attack sun en, but they were all stopped by the imperial court.

In 401, sun en attacked Jingkou along the sea route and approached Jiankang. Huan Xuan claimed to be king Qin

Chinese PinYin : Huan Xuan