Zhang Xiang

Zhang Xiang

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Zhang Xiang? In 1403, Zhao Ji was born in Zhongzhang village, leigufang, Fuping County. At the beginning of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, he was selected as Jingming Xingxiu and Professor Jingzhao. After that, he successively held the official posts of Shizheng of the East Palace, Zuoshan of the general secretary, Tongzheng envoy, Zuoshan of the chief secretary, etc. In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382), the imperial court pacified Yunnan by force, and Zhu Yuanzhang issued an imperial edict to send Zhang Qian to preside over Yunnan's Government Affairs: "today, he ordered the Qing government to undertake important tasks in the southwest, so it's natural for the gentleman to prosper. Moreover, if you want to keep order in Yunnan, you have to be a member of the group. The secretary must be loyal to the heaven, and be sincere to the people. My life is lucky "(see" Yunnan locomotive yellow note "). There are more than 20 ethnic minorities living in Yunnan, rich in natural resources and backward in culture and education. Yunnan has always been a place of "Manfu" for the rulers of the Central Plains.

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The Yuan Dynasty was ruled by local officials and leaders. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the war broke out and people were in a panic. In such a complicated and chaotic situation, Zhang Qian took on the important task of appeasing, deterring, publicizing and developing. He made laws and regulations according to the situation, reorganized the land tribute and tax, promoted the school, advocated the rule of propriety, made clear rewards and punishments, restrained the army and officials, strictly enforced the law and education, changed the customs, and obeyed all ethnic groups. In the spring of 1387, Hongwu entered the capital to report on his work. The emperor granted a special seal: "the Southwest Barbarians had their own quarrels, sent troops to pacify them, ordered officials to pacify them, and ER ZhangFu was the first to go. This is five years. It has been five years since the founding of Qiannan. This year, there is no need to test, but I know that his achievements are outstanding among the twelve herdsmen in the world, and he is the best. He ordered the Ministry of officials to be exempted from the examination and transferred to the post of Zuo Buzheng. The local government of Yunnan has been gradually stable, and the political system has been gradually on the right track. Besides military supplies and civilian food, tribute and grain were not enough for the time being, and it was difficult to transport because of the obstruction of transportation. Zhang Chuan wrote that he would make an exception in the Qing Dynasty and allow local products such as gold, silver, tin, shellfish, cloth, lacquer, cinnabar and mercury to be rented in autumn. It has opened up industries and mines, enriched the Treasury, and lifted the people's difficulties. In the past seven years, more than 300000 mu of farmland has been opened up in Yunnan, tens of thousands of mu of farmland has been irrigated by digging tiechi River, and more than 5000 families have returned. In 17 years in Yunnan, Zhang Qian carried out political and religious activities, appeased more than 20 ethnic groups, developed military industry, agriculture and commerce, got rid of the shackles of the slave rule of chieftains, and appeared the early scale of small-scale peasant economy free farming. Soon after that, Yunnan was officially listed in the order of 13 provinces. Zhang Qian was the first pioneer after Zhuge Liang conquered "nanzhong" more than 1000 years ago. Zhu Yunwen, Emperor Hui of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne and called him as the Minister of the Ministry of officials. They took part in the political activities that were not conducive to the patriarchal clan, such as cutting the vassal and reforming the system. After Zhu Di, the king of Yan, overthrew emperor Hui of the Ming Dynasty and ascended to the throne of Nanjing (i.e. emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty), Zhang Fu was listed as one of 29 treacherous ministers in the imperial court. He was relieved of his post and paid half a salary every month. He hanged himself and his wife drowned. There are ancestral temples in Yunnan and Fuping, and there are biographies of Ming history. He is the author of a volume of Zhongzai Wenji, which was handed down to the world together with Yunnan locomotive money Huang.

History of the Ming Dynasty

Zhang Chuan, whose name is Zhaoji, was born in Fuping. In Hong Wuzhong, the Scripture of Ming Dynasty was cited. He served in the East Palace and tried Zuo Tongzheng. In the 15th year of the reign of the Communist Party of China, Yunnan Province was peaceful and left to participate in politics. Bi Ci, the emperor wrote two chapters. Li Zuo was the chief minister. In the spring of the 20th year, when he entered the throne, his administrative behavior was the best in the world, and he ordered the Ministry of officials not to examine it. The seal said, "those who went to the southwest will be pacified, and the officials will be appointed to take care of them. In the next five years, I will go first. All men are obedient, honest and respectful. It's their duty. I don't need to be tested. I know that they have made great contributions to the twelve herdsmen in the world. Therefore, jiaerji still ruled Southern Yunnan. Go, chin In the seventeen years when he was in Yunnan, the land tribute and the law were all ruled. The folk funeral and wedding ceremonies are custom-made, so we must change their customs. The Dian people followed it. When Dong Lun and Wang Jing were banished to their places, they were all courteous. Huidi ascended the throne and was called the Minister of the Ministry of officials. The imperial edict collected Yishi from the palace. All the choices are based on their talents. He was the first one to play Yang Shiqi, the editor of the Imperial Academy. Shiqiyou is well known. Chen Chengzu entered the capital and recorded 29 treacherous ministers from China and Korea. If you say so, you will still be excused. What's more, the emperor sighed when he faced the court, and blamed those who changed the official system when Jianwen was in power. He ordered Wang Dun, the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, to relieve himself of his duties, and to give him a salary of half a month to live in the capital. He was afraid of it, and his wife died in the pool. Zhang Zuyan, a minor official, said, "the legislative system of emperor Gao is very large. Today, if we do not win, we will help the population. I hope the public will hold on to it. " He couldn't use it, but he was a virtuous ancestor and played as the governor of Jingwei. After the death, the officials did not dare to see, only the ancestral agent of its funeral. It is said that Yan Shi died when he came to Beijing. Yan Zhen served as an envoy to Yunnan and met Jianwen Jun, who died tragically after swallowing gold. It is not true to study the history of various countries. Mao Taiheng was a minister of the Ministry of official affairs when he was Jianwen. When he died, so did Tai Heng.

Tombstone of Zhang Chuan

Tombstone unearthed

In 2014, due to the leveling of the courtyard, a stone tablet carved in Jiajing period was unearthed from Fuping Confucian temple to commemorate Zhang Qian, the Minister of the Ministry of official of Ming Dynasty, who was listed as "treacherous minister" by Zhu Di. the tombstone was carved more than 100 years after the change of Jingnan, and it was once set up in the Xiangxian Temple of Fuping by the local leaders of Shaanxi Province. Later, the Xiangxian temple was destroyed, and the stone tablet was buried in the ground.

Interpretation of tombstone

During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, Zhang Fu, as one of the first officials to enter Yunnan, made important contributions to easing ethnic conflicts and consolidating border stability. After he was promoted all the way to the chief executive of Yunnan, he was transferred back to the capital to be the Minister of the Ministry of officials, assisting emperor Jianwen. According to the inscriptions, he strongly advocated cutting the vassal and organized defense against the rebels during the Jingnan incident. Zhu Di released him after winning the throne, but he chose to starve himself to express his loyalty. "in the face of political affairs, it is called talent; in the face of crisis, it is called chastity, it is called integrity, it is called gentleman." This stone tablet highly praised his conduct. However, the records in the history of the Ming Dynasty are somewhat different from the inscriptions - Zhu Di succeeded in winning the throne. Although he was listed as one of the "29 treacherous officials", he was only relieved of his post and his salary was reduced by half, but he was still allowed to live in the capital. After receiving this news, he was very scared and committed suicide in the back hall of the Ministry of official. I'm afraid no one can tell whether to die unyielding or in fear.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Dan