Zhang gai

Zhang gai

Zhang Gai, who was born and died in Yongnian County of Hebei Province, is an important writer of Heshuo poetry school in the early Qing Dynasty. He is also known as the three gifted scholars of Jinan with Shen Hanguang and Yin Yue. He is good at poetry, cursive writing and guqin, and has been handed down to the world. Zhang Gai, Shen Hanguang, Yin Yue, Yang Sisheng and others lived in seclusion in Guangyang mountain in the west of Shahe county during the change of Jiashen and the change of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

brief introduction

After entering the Qing Dynasty, he didn't become an official. First he traveled between mountains and rivers, mixed up in woodcutting and herding, and then he shut himself up in the earth room, drank alone, and died after a long time. After Zhang Gai's death, Shen Hanguang compiled his manuscripts and published them.

As for Zhang Gai's life story, there is a brief record in the draft of Qing Dynasty history: "Gai, the word Fu Yu.". After the death of the Ming Dynasty, Xie Zhusheng lamented and became a crazy disease. He toured Qi, Jin, Chu and Yu, and returned to the earth room, although his wife could not see him. Only when Hanguang and Yuezhi arrived, they were able to reach a good agreement. His poems are full of grief and indignation, and he always destroys his manuscripts. After his death, Han Guang published a poem, which was called the collection of persimmon leaves. "

textual research

On the general date of Zhang Gai's birth and death: in his poem with Shenzi written to Shen Hanguang, Zhang Gai said, "I am willing to be a fisherman, and Hanguang is the only one who lives in seclusion because of his aging." it seems that Zhang Gai was older than Shen Hanguang, and Shen Hanguang was born in the 47th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1619 A.D.), so Zhang Gai should have been born before 1619 A.D. Zhang Gai's fellow friend Zhao Zhan also mentioned the year of Jihai in his book "three quotations from old friends of those who cherish Zhang's life", which should be the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, that is, 1659 A.D. In other words, Zhang Gai should have been born before 1619 and died after 1659.

Zhang Gai's friends Shen Hanguang and Zhao Zhan also left some records about Zhang Gai's life in his poems.

Shen Hanguang recorded in the book of poems by Zhang Fuyu: "Zhang Gai's character is Fu Yu. I'm from Dongqiao forever, and I'm also a mediator. However, at the beginning of the book, he wrote wildly and made a few mistakes. His name was not what he liked. He was a good poet After Jiashen, he broke down himself and became a tribute to the Imperial Academy. He left all his books of life, sat alone behind closed doors and read Du Fu's poems. He was often five or six years old, and his poems were also refined, gaining the charm of Shaoling. If you don't say a word to a guest, or if you ask him, you say you have nothing to say I like to walk alone in the woods and write my own sign language, which is unpredictable Return, build earth room, block out no trace of people, cave and into food, at the age of a worship mother, although the wife did not see also.

Zhao Zhan recorded in "three quotations of old friends with Zhang Mingshi:" old friend's name is Gai, the word is Mingshi, the name is ruo'an, to Tongli people. Less bold, arrogant and erudite, playing the piano and writing poems, not with the vulgar. After Jiashen, he abandoned the Confucian crown and did not go to the state capital. He gave lectures on the coast of ZhangFu, where there were many students. Jiawu, suddenly crazy disease, build earth room closed, his wife friends rare face. Sometimes it's a song, or a poem, or a manuscript, or a well. In the summer of Jihai, Lang Ziyu called for Yu. He sent out a message according to the door, called for a straw hat, and saw Yu in the earth room. Under the moon, I talk about the past, my tears are in my eyes, my words are delirious, and I can't tell whether it's a disease or not.

Liu Fengyuan of Qu Zhou wrote in his poem "sending a man named Zhang Mingshi from afar": "martyrs have no disciples, straight wood has no shade. The son abandoned his clothes and sent out the forest. Regardless of the broken steamer, no gold is found. Dig Five Pines and play a string piano. The West Mountain sings, the east Gao sings drunk. Three Lu and five Lu should know the heart of the son. A poem from afar, looking at the clouds and Cen. This poem also reflects Zhang Gai's life.

evaluate

Zhang Gai imitated Du Fu in his poems. Shen Hanguang said in Zhang Fuyu's poetry Guide: sitting alone behind closed doors and reading Du Fu's poems, you are often five or six years old, and your poems are also refined, and you get the charm of Shaoling.

Chen Kangqi said in Lang Qian Ji Wen Chu Bi that there were many poets in Zhili at the beginning of the Republic of China, such as Zhang gaiming, Shen Hanguang, Yin yuezong and Jize.

In Yu Yang Shi Hua, Wang Shizhen said: the Han Guang poetry of Shen Fu League is called Guangping, which is the beginning of Heshuo poetry school. His friends, Jize, Yin yueboyan, Yongnian, Zhang gaifuyu, Quzhou, Liu Fengyuan, Jinzhu and Handan, Zhao zhanqiushui, are all hermits.

In the preface to Congshan collection, Deng Hanyi said: today's poetry is not popular in Heshuo, while Fu League is good at cloth clothes. Its friends are Yin ziboyan, Zhang zifuyu and Liu zijinzhuo, all of whom have outstanding talents and can be compared with the ancients.

Selected Poems

[reminiscence] in the evening of the city, the sound of Rootstocks is urgent, the court is deep, and the trees are cold. Lonely and pitiful, the moon remembers to see. Travel in Japan by poetry, homesickness by wine. In autumn, I can cross the river at night.

[living in the mountains and sitting on the moon with friends in autumn night] the guest stayed in Lengjia palace, deep in autumn and White Dew. Clouds return, streams are full, and the moon rises. When a soldier will die, Qin Zun will be the same at night. Zhang Hua has a sword. He is a drunk dancer.

[guest's return] the water is wide and Jingmen road is wide, and you will return from here. The dusk rains on the Yunshan mountain and the twilight on the boat. It is no longer humane. And find Ji Ruan, bamboo closed Chai Ye.

[Meng Ting] when Meng Haoran disappeared, Yuliang ferry asked the fishing boat. Rock leaf pine path empty scratch head, sand bank such as frost moon all over the sky.

[reply to Shenfu's Alliance tour] the southwest forest is very happy and loves the water village between the mountain villages. Mountain into Taihang pan Bird Road, water waterfall under cloud root. With Zheng Zigeng Rock Valley, he is different from Pang Gongyin lumen. If you look for xianbuzhu from afar, you will faint your white hair together.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Gai