Zhang Yuniang

Zhang Yuniang

Zhang Yuniang (1250-1277), whose name is Ruoqiong, is a native of Songyang, Zhejiang Province. Female poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.

He came from an official family. He was very intelligent since childhood, and was a red maid. He was good at reading and reading. He was good at poetry, which was compared with Ban Zhao of Han Dynasty. He was engaged to Shen Quan by his parents. After Shen's family declined, Zhang's father repented of his marriage. However, Yu Niang vowed to love Shen Quan all her life. In the seventh year of Xianchun (1271), Shen Quan traveled with his father to the capital to take an examination. He was ranked the first in the examination and unfortunately fell ill. Zhang Yu Niang is not only sad, but also depressed all day long. She is "bleeding secretly at the bottom of the account.". On the Lantern Festival night in 1277, Yu Niang's dream was to meet Shen by car. When she woke up, she was so sad that she sighed and said, "do you want to give me up?" Then he fell ill, half a month later, and died without food.

She has learned a lot since she was a child, and she is extremely intelligent, especially in her poems. Together with Li Qingzhao, Zhu Shuzhen and Wu Shuji, they are known as "four female poets of Song Dynasty".

Life of the characters

Zhang Yuniang was fond of writing and ink when she was young, especially good at poetry. At that time, people once compared her to the Cao family (Ban Zhao) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. She has written two volumes of Lan Xue Ji, and has more than 100 poems, of which only 16 are poems. Some people call it the first collection after Li Qingzhao's Shu Yu Ji. Together with Li Qingzhao, Zhu Shuzhen and Wu Shuji, she is known as "the four greatest female poets of Song Dynasty".

Zhang Yuniang was born in 1250 A.D. in Chunyou of Song Dynasty and died in 1277 A.D. in Jingyan of Southern Song Dynasty. She only lived to 27 years old. She was born in a scholarly official family. Her grandparents were officials. Her great grandfather was a Jinshi in the eighth year of Chunxi, and her grandfather was a dengshilang. My father was a promotion officer. She has learned a lot since she was a child, and she is extremely intelligent, especially in her poems. Ban Zhao was the best. However, she was rich and lucky, but she didn't make the best of her talent. She married and died, and pursued Liang Zhu. Her life was full of pain and frustrations.

Zhang Yuniang, 15, is engaged to Shen Quan, her fellow scholar. Shen Quan was the seventh grandson of Shen Hui, the number one scholar in Huizong of Song Dynasty. Shen and Zhang are close to each other. They have been friends since childhood. After their engagement, the two fell in love with each other and presented poetry to each other. Yu Niang once made a sachet by herself, and embroidered a poem "Purple sachet" for Shen Quan. Poetry says:

Cherish the sun cut Zixia, Chenxiang shy recognition of the old prosperity. Sew orchid to embrace spirit to all hold, don't take spring breeze children flower.

Later, because the Shen family was becoming poorer and poorer, and Shen Quan had no intention of fame, Yu Niang's father felt repentant of marriage. Zhang Yu Niang strongly opposed it and wrote the poem Shuang Yan Li

The white poplars are beautiful in spring, and the Yellow Swan curtains are low. The swallows go back and forth and make the young into old bases.

The autumn wind suddenly rises in the night, and they cross the river. The wind is high and the river is in danger.

The red path and the purple road are broken, and the dream of Zhu huqiong is broken. Haggard Wei beauty, year after year sorrow alone.

Yu Niang's parents were forced to write to the Shen family: "if you want to be a good son-in-law, you must wait for Chenglong." Shen Quan had to leave Yu Niang and went to Beijing with his father to take the exam. Yu Niang not only subsidized Shen Quan with her private money, but also presented poems to express her parting feelings

Wine on the river beam, send Jun baling road. Gone forever, autumn grass grows along the ancient road.

The mountains and rivers are long, and the book is misty. Worry knot rain Ming Ming, deep love days vast.

People like pines and chrysanthemums, but not peaches and plums. Indifferent to Luo's clothes, his face withered.

If you don't see the man in the mirror, you'll be worried about the old man in the mirror.

After leaving, Yu Niang missed Shen Lang and suffered from the sorrow of Acacia. The poem "the height of the mountain" has three chapters

The moon rises small when the mountain is high. The moon is small, he Jiaojiao!

I'm thinking about a long way. It's a day away, my heart is quiet.

Caiku, caiku, is in the south of the mountain. How can you be so worried.

Your heart is strong, and I'm clean. It was intended to form a centenary League, and suddenly it became a farewell.

Morning and evening rain, heart to go, thousands of miles Acacia, a total of the moon.

He filled in another word, saying:

When, the moon before the stars, heavy will be cold, fine and warm. Jiyan autumn strength, Shen Lang should not be the whole saddle.

It's hard to write sad and sad when it comes to new Hongs. By dusk, the lotus was lost and the rain was sparse.

Shen Quan is a talented and elegant scholar. He is only 22 years old. He successfully passed the three examinations of classics, theory and strategy in the capital city and entered the palace examination. He ranked first in high school and won the gold medal. His talent and ideas spread for a time in the capital. It is said that during the interview, the examiner asked Shen Quan that he was from Songyang. It happened that the examiner had been to Songyang, so the examiner took the place name of Songyang and made a couplet with Shen Quan. The couplet was: "raft shop, raft under horizontal Weir". Shen Quan, a quick thinker, soon wrote the second couplet: "water cart, water LIAOSHAN". The couplets are neat and perfect. Hengyan in the first couplet is a place name, and LIAOSHAN in Shen quandui is also a place name, all of which are in Songyang. Immediately, everyone was amazed. The examiner gave many more questions, and Shen Quan answered them like a stream. He did not fall out of the ordinary. He made a big hit and was called a wizard. Shen Caizi's name is known in the capital. However, God does not protect people, he unfortunately died of illness. When Yu zhangniang learned that Shen Quan was "caused by accumulated thinking in melancholy", she sent a letter to Shen Quan, saying that "I am not even with you, I would like to die at the same acupoint!" After reading the letter, Shen Quan was deeply moved. He forced his dying body up and gave back a poem to Yu Niang

The fairies are separated from the water, and the snow is clear. The flower is shy, the moon is cold.

High love spring does not dye, heart mirror dust difficult to rely on. How to drink Yunye and cross Shuangluan together.

Shen Quan knew that he was no longer cured, so he only expected Yu Niang to "go back to Shuangluan together" and get together in the underworld. At this time, Shen Quan is still on his way back to Songyang to see Yu Niang. On December 25, 1271, Shen Quan passed away, bringing her endless grief and missing. "Crying Shen Sheng" says:

In the middle of the road pity long, no reason to see and hear again. Would like to today, into a balcony cloud.

Xianlang hasn't been back for a long time. Once he returns, he laughs at the spring breeze. Half way into forever, green sleeve dye cry red.

Regret life and death, dream soul meet again. The mirror reflects the autumn water and the heart.

Su Qing has nothing to write, and resentment drives Shuang Feihong.

Since then, Yu Niang has been wet with tears all day long. Her parents feel sorry for her daughter and want to choose another son-in-law for her. Zhang Yu Niang says sadly, "I have two ears for those who have not died." Yu Niang refused to remarry, and spent five years grieving for Shen Quan. Another year's Lantern Festival is coming. Facing the green lantern, Yuniang sees Mr. Shen appear in a trance. She says to Yuniang, I hope you don't break the covenant. At the end of the speech, no one can see. Yu Niang was so sad that she murmured, "why did Shen Lang leave me?" Half a month later, a generation of talented women suffered from Acacia, and finally died of hunger strike.

Zhang's parents were moved by their daughter's loyalty. With the consent of the Shen family, they buried Yu Niang and Shen Quan in Fenglin, a western suburb. More than a month later, shuang'e, the maid who lived with her day and night, was "worried to death" because of her grief. Another maid, zi'e, was also unwilling to live alone, "died from her neck", and the parrot that Yu Niang had raised before her life was "mournful and fell.". Zhang Jia buried this "boudoir Sanqing" (namely shuang'e, zi'e and parrot) with Shen Quan and Yu Niang. This is the famous "parrot tomb" in Songyang.

Zhang Yuniang was not only unfortunate in her life, but also unfortunate after her death. Although she "loves only one person, her righteousness is strong enough for thousands of years." The two volumes of Lan Xue Ji are unknown for a long time. "Three hundred years later, it will appear in the world." It was not until Ming Dynasty Chenghua and Hongzhi that Wang Zhao, a native of the city, praised her for her biography that her deeds began to appear in the world. During the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, Meng Chengshun, a famous playwright, was moved by his deeds and admired by his poems. So the squires were mobilized to build a tomb and expand the ancestral temple for Zhang Yu Niang, published the collection of Lan Xue, and created the famous 35 fold legendary script "the story of Zhen Wen in the parrot Tomb of Sanqing in Zhang Yu Niang's boudoir" for her. From then on, Yu Niang's deeds and works spread. However, due to the small number of printing, the spread is not wide, few people know. A bright pearl was almost buried in the dust of history.

Main works

There are 117 poems and 16 Ci poems in Lan Xue Ji. Although there are not many works, they have great artistic achievements. Her poems have various styles, such as Jue, LV, Si Yan, Liu Yan, etc. The themes and styles are also quite different. There are not only beautiful, sad and touching love songs, but also magnificent and strong patriotic chants. Poems such as "the height of the mountain", "worship the new moon", "Bu GUI", "Gu BIE", "chuanshang NV" and "Jade Butterfly · Li Qing" express missing, loyalty and sadness. What's more valuable is that although Yu Niang is in the boudoir, her heart runs thousands of miles. Concerned about the fate of the country and the people in the war era, he wrote four songs of "Kaige Yuefu", such as "saishangqu", "Wang Junjun's tomb", "Yongshi · xiedongshan", "saixiaqu", "Junxing" and other impassioned poems, which are solemn and heroic, without the delicate temperament of women in the boudoir, fully expressing Zhang Yuniang's patriotism and national integrity. No wonder Zhu zumou thought she was a man when he engraved Jiang Village series, but he didn't know she was a woman poet.

Character evaluation

People of insight in the past dynasties valued Zhang Yuliang's poems and personality

As early as the Yuan Dynasty, Yu Ji, the most famous scholar and poet at that time, read the three chapters of "the height of the mountain" and praised: "there are three hundred pieces of" the book of songs ", although the" rolling ear "and" Cordyceps "can't pass it!" When I read the sentence "I'm chaste, I praise it:" true virgins, talented women! " When I read the last sentence of "who is asking about this scene, the flying firefly enters the embroidered bed", I clapped my case and said: "this is beyond the reach of a woman!"

Professor Tang Guizhang, a well-known modern CI poet, wrote in the 1930s "the Song Dynasty poetess Zhang Yuniang: the source of the story of parrot tomb": "as you know, the Song Dynasty poetesss include Li Yian (Li Qingzhao), Zhu Shuzhen, Wei Madame (Wei Wan) and Wu Shuji. However, few people know that there was a female poet Zhang Yuliang in Song Dynasty, who could compete with them Her short life experience is more tragic than that of Li Yi'an and Zhu Shuzhen. Li Yi'an is mourning for her husband and wife, Zhu Shu is really sad to meet her, and she

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Yu Niang