Zhang Bi

Zhang Bi

Zhang Bi (1425-1487) was named as Ru Bi. His family was near the East China Sea, so he was named Donghai Weng in the late time. Songjiangfu Huating county (now Fengxian Qingcun, Shanghai) people. In the second year of Chenghua, Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty, he was a Jinshi and a long-time Minister of the Ministry of war. He was the magistrate of Nan'an (now Dayu in Jiangxi Province). He respected himself and loved things and won the peace of the people. He is good at poetry and prose, and has a good cursive script. He is rated as "the comeback of Zhang Dian". My book is not as good as poetry, and poetry is not as good as literature. I wrote Donghai collection.

Profile

Zhang bi was born in 1425, the first year of emperor Hongxi of Mingren. His ancestors moved from Bian to Huating when they went to the south of Song Dynasty. Zhang Bi's family lives in the southwest of Guyang bridge outside the west gate of the county. Chenghua two years (1466) Jinshi, granted the head of the Ministry of war, Jin Yuan wailang. Because of his satirical time and expense, he was hated by those in power, and was excluded from Beijing. He was appointed as the magistrate of Nan'an, Jiangxi Province, and made great achievements. Nan'an is the key point of Jiangxi and Guangdong. The fugitives gather in the mountains to steal and harm the people for a long time. When he took office, he was arrested one after another. Dayuling is a passage for merchants to and from goods. Local people are engaged in transportation and depend on it for a living. Later, it was invaded by Guangdong Nanxiong tyrants, and the people were unemployed and poor. Zhang Bi asked the two vassals of Jiangxi and Guangdong to share their interests with the people of Nanxiong and Nan'an. The mountain road is narrow and steep, so it is difficult to walk. Therefore, the income tax will be levied, and workers will be employed to widen the subgrade, build roads and build bridges. The mountain road is 30 miles long, and the mountain road is smooth. In famine years, they opened warehouses to relieve the people; in epidemic years, they invited famous doctors to treat the people's diseases. Nankang County, under the jurisdiction of Nan'an Prefecture, has a litigious folk custom, so the chief villain is severely punished to kill his unruly style; false accusations are prohibited and unjust imprisonment is prohibited. In order to educate the people of Nan'an, the custom changed. On the day of returning home, the old and the young climbed the yuan to build the temple statue. According to Zhang Nai's advanced old news: "when Mr. Zhang of Donghai was guarding Nan'an, all the counties collected troops to discuss rewards. The fierce soldiers wanted to get the magic of Hou Mo, but the passers-by often stopped and asked for Yan, and they wrote to assist the county Fei in this way." According to the records here, Zhang Bi doesn't care about ink, and a large number of his works should be spread. However, there are not many of his works in the world. He died in the 23rd year of Chenghua, Xianzong, at the age of 63, and was buried in the sun of Fenghuang mountain. Zhang Bi, the marshal of Jin Dynasty, was born in Guantao County (Zhangzhai before the Qing Dynasty) in the Liao and Jin Dynasties. Later generations called him "Marshal Zhang". He has practiced writing and martial arts since he was young, and is determined to serve his country. At that time, when the society was in turmoil, he spontaneously set up a militia to protect his neighbors, so that the bandits did not dare to enter. He made outstanding contributions to the local people's production and life and social stability. The Jin Dynasty cherished talents and awarded Guangwu general with meritorious service. He successively served as the right deputy marshal of Daming Prefecture and the marshal of lingcizhou Prefecture. Later, he retired and returned to his hometown. He was 76 years old. His son Zhang Zhigang was the defense envoy of Bozhou (now Liaocheng) in the early Yuan Dynasty.

Personal achievement

The poems are fresh and healthy. You Gong's cursive script is based on Zhang Xu and Huai Su. Try to say: "my book is not as good as poetry, poetry is not as good as literature." Li Dongyang laughs as "the language of hero deceiving others." He has five volumes of Donghai anthology, the general catalogue of Siku and Hecheng manuscripts. "Wenyuan biography of Ming history" said: "gongcaoshu, strange great ups and downs, shocked a lifetime." "Drunk and prosperous, dozens of papers in an instant, as fast as wind and rain, as straight as dragon and snake, as falling stone, as thin as withered vine", he likes to make a big axis of breaking a nest, which is strange and great, and shakes the whole life. He is called "Zhang Xu's rebirth". There is no empty day for those who want books. Even overseas countries know Zhang Donghai's name and come to buy ink treasures. The handed down manuscripts include a thousand character essay in cursive script, the seven temperament volume of Tang poetry, and the poem in Liaoyang City in cursive script (now stored in the Palace Museum), as well as the poem axis of seven Jue (now stored in Shanghai Museum). Later generations collected his cursive script and preserved it in the late Ming Dynasty. It is called "tiehanlou calligraphy" (now in Songjiang Museum). His works include the manuscripts of Hecheng, Tianqu, mianqiang, Qinghe, Qingyun and Donghai manuscripts. Later, his son Zhang Hongzhi compiled them into the collection of Mr. Zhang Donghai (9 volumes)

Calligraphy features

At that time, the standard of "Taige style" in the early Ming Dynasty, which was neat and smooth, mellow and graceful, fine and smooth, had been changed in the field of calligraphy. What it pursued was the unrestrained and free style of calligraphy. Zhang bi was a typical representative of pioneering calligraphers at that time. The style of calligraphy was greatly influenced by huaisu's wild and unrestrained writing style. His works were characterized by unusual brush, smooth lines, and easy use of the ribbon pen, which made the reincarnation lively, powerful and varied, reflecting the typical features of Zhang Bi's cursive calligraphy. Zhang Bi is a representative of cursive script in the early Ming Dynasty. He likes to write cursive script in big characters. According to historical records, he was drunk and prosperous, and could write dozens of pieces of paper in an instant. He was as fast as wind and rain, and as straight as a dragon and snake. People even thought that Dianzhang (Zhang Xu) came back. Dong Qichang said that Zhang Bi's cursive script is to learn from huaisu, but in fact he has a more direct relationship with Xie Jin's cursive script. They represent the understanding and use of wild grass in Tang Dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty. On the one hand, as the opposite of the popular Taige style at that time, they showed more of their own personality and were valued by people; on the other hand, they enlightened the cursive writing in the late Ming Dynasty. Zhang Bi's cursive script with small characters is less popular, his works are mature and vigorous, and his structure and composition are natural and full of changes. The structure of Zhang Bi's running script is compact and vivid, and he uses more square strokes to form his own style and characteristics. Zhang Bi's cursive script, which takes Zhang Xu and Huai Su of Tang Dynasty as models, is also the continuation of the cursive Calligrapher's desire to change the calligraphy style of Qing Yan since Zhao Mengfu of Yuan Dynasty and pursue profligacy and indulgence. In some of his works, Zhang Xu and huaisu added Zhang Cao's brushwork to the wild grass, which is quite similar to song Ke and Yu He in ideas. However, many of his works completely abandon Zhang Cao's pen. In structure, Zhang Cao's pen is mainly open and close, while his pen is fast and floating. Therefore, Zhu Yunming once said, "Zhang Gong was still close to the previous rules, and then he was flying everywhere. Although his voice and light were everywhere, his confidants were horrified." he thought that the frivolous manner in Zhang Bi's works was undesirable. However, Zhang Bi's innovative writing style became the trend at that time. Many people learned from him, and even overseas countries bought his traces. There must be a difference between the fine and the coarse. Chen Xianzhang commented on Zhang Bicao's book: "it's extremely good, and it's extremely vulgar." It's true that the four words are a great derogatory term when it's very common, but it's also a very commendatory term when it's very good. Dong Qichang, a great calligrapher of his generation, praised Zhang Bi's "Qingyun Tang tie" with many praises: the world values his wild grass, and he wishes Xizhe to comment on his books, and he only promotes his pen in his prime, which should be heard by Weng. At this moment, all of them are ready, whether intentionally or unintentionally, or as elegant as Li Fa, or as elegant as Chixia. Although with Xi zhe classmate drunk Su, but crazy strange anger, Zhang Xi zhe unavoidable, Weng Wu is also. On cursive script, Zhang Bi once answered a guest's question "(Chang) about calligraphy, or asked Zhang Ru Bi about cursive script, saying:" it's extremely good, and it's extremely vulgar. "How can we do that?" he asked He said, "when you write about the good, you will become the bad." This passage is helpful to understand Zhang Bi's cursive art and thought. Du Mu said: "Zhang Gong's cursive calligrapher is song Chang descendant, whose name is wide:" Hong wuchu, song Ke (Zhong Wen) and song fan (Zhong Yan) are all good at calligraphy, and they are called three Song Dynasty. ". However, critics say that Chang Yi Shu is not the same as the Song Dynasty, and it is not the ancient law because of its continuous writing. (allegory) The praise and criticism of Du Mu can be seen here. The main reason for demotion is that "the continuous combination of pen and brush is not the ancient method." This may have been a problem at that time, and there would have been many supporters. However, from our understanding today, the "ancient law" is not the only one, it can have other styles. Even if we take Zhang Xu's cursive script as an example, there are also "pen couplets" that continue to exist. Wang Duo and Fu Shan of the late Ming Dynasty are even more popular today, so we can't be paranoid. Zhang bi was often drunk in writing, so he was very drunk and wrote quickly, like a storm and a whirlwind. He was able to deal with all kinds of changes, and he could see the meaning of huaisu. Zhang Bi thinks that his big characters are the best, and his calligraphy is reasonable, which has something to do with a drunken character. Commenting on Zhang Bishi, Dong Qichang said: "at that time, Donghai was dignified. Its calligraphy was based on huaisu, and its name moved the four barbarians. Since it was a great calligrapher in Wuzhong, the price of it has been reduced. It's better to have a book. Today, there are few ears. After Zhang Bi, a group of outstanding calligraphers such as Zhu Yunming, Wang Chong and Wen Zhengming emerged in Wuzhong. It is reasonable for Zhang Bi to reduce the price of his books. However, Dong Qichang highly praised Zhang Bi's "xingyoushu", which is worth noting. Zhang Bi's running script volume "Su Shi Tai Bai Xian Shi volume" is a rare masterpiece in Tianjin history museum. The volume is written with fluent ink, flying strokes and easy to handle. The level of Zhang Bi's running script can be seen.

Related literature

Ming History

Zhang Bi, whose name is Ru Bi, is a pottery resident of Huating, Songjiang (now Fengxian Qingcun, Shanghai). He was a Jinshi in the second year of Chenghua. He is the head of the Ministry of war. When he moved to Nan'an Prefecture, he was in charge of liangguangchong. The traitors gathered in the valley to kill him. More than 100 districts of the temple were destroyed and built into a social school. Thanks for the illness, scholars and people set up ancestral temples. Bi yingba since childhood, good at poetry, cursive, strange Wei ups and downs, shocking. From the East China Sea. Zhang Donghai's name is spread to foreigners. For poetry, I write freely. Most of them are not manuscripts, that is to say, they belong to something. Therefore, they are often held by people. With Li Dongyang and Xie Duoshan. I said to myself: "in my life, books are not as good as poems, and poems are not as good as literature." Dongyang Opera said: "Heroes deceive people every so, not enough faith." Duo said that he was studious and tireless, and his poetry became a family saying. Zihongzhi has his own biography.

Yao Shan Tang waiji

Zhang Donghai will go to Nan'an and write a long and short sentence: "Mr. Donghai will return, and the new governor of Nan'an will be removed. A pick of luggage, two ships of books, was laughed at stupid. Books are books, too cold to wear and too hungry to cook. What's the use of packing up a lot? Now, with white hair and a five horse ride in the Yellow hall, how long will it take to see the canal again? also

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Bi