Zhang Bohang

Zhang Bohang

Zhang Boxing (1651-1725), a native of Yifeng (now Lankao), Henan Province, was named Xiaoxian, shuzhai and Jingan. Qing Dynasty minister, Neo Confucianism.

Kangxi 24 years (1685) Jinshi. Tired official to the Ministry of rites. He has been an official for more than 20 years and is known as honest and upright. His achievements are most famous in Fujian and Jiangsu. There are thousands of scholars studying Cheng, Zhu and other subjects. After his death, the imperial court bestowed him as the crown prince and his posthumous title was Qingke. In the early years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he began to worship the Confucian temple. There is a son, Zhang shizai.

(overview of image sources) < / I >

Life of the characters

Stepping into official career

Zhang was intelligent and studious since he was a child. Influenced by his father and grandfather, he had a high moral character. When I was 13 years old, I read through four books and five classics. In 1681, Zhang boxing passed the examination of Juren. In 1685, there were 80 candidates in the third grade of the palace examination, who were granted Jinshi background. in 1692, he was awarded a supplementary letter to the cabinet, and then entered the official career. Later, when his father died and returned to his hometown, he established the Academy of classical learning and explained and publicized Confucianism. There was a dike in the north of Yifeng city. In June of 1699, it was washed down because of heavy rain. BoChang recruited migrant workers to fill bags with soil to plug it. After Zhang penghe, governor of the Yellow River, inspected the Yellow River, Shangshu recommended Zhang boxing to manage the river affairs. The emperor ordered him to work as a river Engineer in his original official title, supervising the construction of the South Bank of the Yellow River, majiagang, Dongba and gaojiayan projects.

relieve the people in stricken areas

In 1703, Zhang boxing was granted the title of Jining road in Shandong Province. In the year of famine, he brought money and grain from his hometown and sewed cotton padded clothes to save the people from hunger and cold. Emperor Kangxi ordered to provide relief to the victims according to different ways, so Zhang Bohang took out 22600 stones from Canggu to relieve the two counties of hanshang and Yanggu. Shandong's political envoy accused him of being dictatorial and prepared to impeach him. Bo Xing said, "the emperor has a purpose to rescue the disaster. It can't be said that he is dictatorial. Why should the emperor attach so much importance to the sufferings of the people? Or human life? " The chief envoy had to stop impeachment.

Appreciation of the Emperor

In the 45th year of Kangxi (1707), Zhang boxing was appointed as an envoy of Jiangsu Province, which was under the governor. According to the old officialdom rules at that time, new officials had to give gifts to the governor, governor and other superiors to show respect, and also to ask for future care and promotion. This would take about 4000 liang of silver. However, Zhang boxing was upright and never fawned on his superiors. He hated the corruption. He said, "as an official, I swear not to take any money from the people. Can I do this! "No gifts. Moreover, during his term of office, he tried his best to get rid of the local maladies and rectify the administration of officials. As a result, he offended the governor and governor and was often excluded by them. In the first month of the 46th year of Kangxi (1708), Emperor Kangxi made a southern tour to Jiangsu and ordered the governor and governor to recommend talented officials in Suzhou. In the list of recommendation, Emperor Kangxi didn't see Zhang boxing, who was already well-known in the government and the public, so he reprimanded the governor and the governor: "I heard that Zhang boxing's officials are clean and honest, and he is a rare talent of the country, but you don't recommend him! "Then he turned to Zhang boxing:" I know you very well. They don't recommend you. I recommend you. In the future, if you want to be a good official and make some achievements, people all over the world will know that I am a famous monarch and good at knowing talents. If you are corrupt and pervert the law, people all over the world will laugh at me for not knowing good or evil. " As a result, Zhang Bo was promoted as governor of Fujian Province and awarded the plaque of "Lian Hui Xuan you".

Governing Fujian and Zhejiang

Zhang BoChang Shangshu asked for exemption of taxes due to famine in Taiwan, Fengshan and Zhuluo counties. Because the price of rice in Fujian is very expensive, Zhang BoChang asked to use 50000 yuan from the State Treasury to buy rice from Huguang, Jiangxi and Guangdong. He built Aofeng academy, set up a school, took out his own collection of books, collected the collected works of the scholars of the previous generation, and published Zhengyi hall series to teach students. People in Fujian offer sacrifices to the God of pestilence. Zhang boxing orders to destroy the idols of the God of pestilence, change the ancestral hall into a righteous school, and offer sacrifices to Zhu Xi. There are many nuns in the folk. Some people sell women from poor families, so that there are hundreds of nuns who cut their hair. Zhang Bo Xing orders these families to redeem their own women and choose their spouses for them. If a family is poor and cannot be redeemed, the government will pay for it. In 1710, Zhang Bohang was transferred to the governor of Jiangsu Province to relieve the famine in Huai'an, Yangzhou and Xuzhou. The Emperor Kangxi sent the minister Zhang penghe to investigate and deal with the governor general Yi Sigong, who was impeached and removed by the governor general Kari because of the shortage of inventory of the chief secretary. Chen Pengnian, acting as the governor of Suzhou, suggested that the loss of 340000 yuan by the treasurer should be compensated by deducting the official's salary and the cost of using the official. Zhang Bohang asked for the joint name of Shangshu, but he was not agreed. Zhang boxing went to Shanghai by himself, and Emperor Kangxi ordered Zhang penghe to investigate. In addition, Zhang boxing explained the different opinions of Kali. Emperor Kangxi said to the court officials, "after reading Zhang boxing's Shangshu, I know that he is at odds with Kari. As a minister, he should attach great importance to state affairs. I have been in charge of aircraft maintenance for nearly 50 years, and I have never let a man show his selfish desire. It should be ignored. " Before long, Zhang boxing resigned on the ground that he was ill, but Emperor Kangxi did not allow him. Zhang penghe asked Yu Zhun and Zhi Sigong, former governors of Zhang boxing, to compensate 160000 yuan. The rest of the compensation was made up by the official salaries and the expenses of using official duties. Emperor Kangxi said: "Jiangnan lost money and grain, not because of the official embezzlement. During my southern tour, the governor and the governor embezzled public funds at will, but the lower level officials did not dare to talk about it. I really can't bear to ask the new officials to make up for it, "so I asked them to find out how much money they spent during the southern tour. Zhang boxing also went on to explain that all the prefectures, prefectures and counties had no money and food at present, and Emperor Kangxi ordered them to be exempted from compensation. Kari was greedy, but Zhang was the opposite.

Scientific research disturbance

In 1712, Zhao Jin, the Deputy examiner of Jiangnan Rural examination, secretly handed over candidates and accepted bribes. After the publication of the list, the scholars talked noisily and carried the God of wealth into the Academy. Zhang boxing's explanation of the incident was made clear, and the examiner Zuo bifan also reported the actual situation. Emperor Kangxi ordered Zhang penghe, Minister of state, and he Shou, Minister of state, to investigate and deal with the case. Later, Wu Mi and Cheng guangkui secretly bribed and implicated Kari in the confession. Zhang boxing asked to remove Kari from his post and hand him over to the relevant departments for serious trial. Kari felt uneasy and found out the seven so-called crimes of Zhang boxing. Emperor Kangxi ordered them to be dismissed. Zhang penghe and others soon reported that Zhao Jin's bribery with Wu Bi and Cheng guangkui was true and should be punished according to the criminal law; GA Li's Secret bribery was a false accusation and Zhang boxing should be dismissed. Emperor Kangxi accused Zhang penghe and others of covering up for Kari, and ordered ministers mu helun and Zhang Tingshu to review it again. The result is still the same as that of Zhang penghe and others. Emperor Kangxi said: "the world knows that Bo Xing is upright and upright. Although he has a lot of talent, he likes to make trouble out of nothing and has no reputation for integrity. This opinion is wrong and right So he ordered Jiuqing, Zhan Shi and Ke Daoguan to discuss again. The next day, Zhao Jiuqing and others said, "Bo Xing's residents are honest and upright. I can't believe the conduct of Karli. Without Zhang Bo Xing, Jiangnan would be exploited by him, which would reach half of the area. This time, the two men participated in the case. At first, they sent officials to hear the case, but they were blocked by Karli, so that they could not get the real situation. Sending officials to hear the case again was no different from the previous opinion. You should be able to understand my intention of preserving honest officials. If you want honest people to have no doubts and fears, then the world will be stable. " So he took away the official position of Kari and ordered Zhang boxing to return to his post.

Old age experience

In 1714, Zhang Bo recommended Li Fa Jia, the governor of Fujian Province, Chen Yao of Taiwan Province, and Yu Zheng Jian, the former Imperial College official, to serve as a sacrificial wine. However, the Emperor Kangxi promoted Mou Qin yuan, the governor of Hubei Province. Soon after, Zhang BoChang impeached Mou Qinyuan and hid Zhang Lingtao, the pirate criminal, in the official office, asking for arrest and punishment. Zhang Yuanlong, Zhang Lingtao's elder brother, lives in Shanghai. He builds sea cabins and goes in and out of the sea. He owns a lot of assets and takes over the rich and noble. Catching up with the proclamation of the Ministry of punishment, he searched for the pirate Zheng and devoted himself to the rest of the party. The Chongming Navy captured a fishing boat. The owner of the boat was Fujian, but he pretended to be Huating. After checking the ship's photo, he found that it was Yuan Long's. Zhang boxing was ready to pursue him to the end. At that time, Ling Tao was working in the Kali mansion. Yuan longtuo escaped arrest due to illness, but he died at home before the case was settled. When he impeached boxing, he seized the incident as one of the seven counts. It happened that Gu Xie, a common people in Shanghai county, sued Ling Tao for occupying his house. In addition, there were several water villages harboring pirates, claiming that Ling Tao now lives in the Qinyuan government office. Emperor Kangxi ordered the governor Heshou to investigate and hear the case. Heshou sheltered Zhang Lingtao and reported the case to the police because there was no evidence. Emperor Kangxi ordered Zhang penghe and his deputy capital, a Xi Nai, to investigate the case. Zhang penghe and others reported that Zhang Yuanlong and Zhang Lingtao were good people and asked to take away Zhang boxing's official post. Emperor Kangxi ordered a review and asked Zhang boxing to make his own statement. Zhang boxing Shangshu said: "although Yuanlong was reported dead, he had rich property and many followers. Everyone could pretend to be a thief and get a license everywhere. Ling Tao was first reported by Gu Xieyi. If Gu Xieyi's report is not true, he should be punished by framing as usual. Due to the protection of Qin yuan, the case has been pending for a long time. As a local governor, I should prevent things from happening as soon as they make peace. How can I not pursue them? " After Zhang boxing's resignation, Zhang penghe and others still used him to frame up the good people, take private revenge and demand decapitation. The Criminal Law Department discussed and agreed to this proposal, but Emperor Kangxi exempted Zhang boxing from the crime and transferred him to the capital. Before long, Zhang Bohang took a post in the South study, acting as the assistant of cangchang, and acting as the examiner of Shuntian rural examination. Later, it was granted as a household

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Bo Hang