Qu Fu

Qu Fu

Qu Fu (1668-1745) was a poet of Qing Dynasty. At the beginning, it was named beixiong. Later, it was changed to Fu. Its name was huiweng. Later, it was named FUWENG and JinSu. It was known as "guanxifuzi" in the world. Pucheng (now Shaanxi) County Hanjing Town, after moving to the county Beiguan. At the age of 19, the boy came first. Soon after, he traveled to Shanxi, Henan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and then went through Fujian, Guangdong and other places, and even to the capital. In the first year of Qianlong's reign (1736), he was given the title of erudite Hongci and refused to take the examination. At the age of 72, he wrote a book in Pucheng guild hall in Beijing and never returned to his hometown. His works include the collection of weak water, etc.

Life of the characters

Ming millet

Qu Fu's ancestor was a famous family in Pucheng. Although there was no big one in the family, he was also a scholar of the book ceremony. He was born in Yixiang, a famous model of his ancestors. His grandfather, Qu Ying, was a Confucian official in the ritual Department of the Ming Dynasty. His father, Bidan, was named xiangmen and Jianxiang. He was born in the 47th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. He was good at sex, poor at study and was famous for his articles. When he was twenty-five years old, he was killed by Emperor Chongzhen. Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the pass and lived in seclusion in the countryside for life. When Wu Sangui surrounded Pucheng, his uncle Qu Xieji scolded Wu as a "sinner of all ages", and the city was killed by Wu's army.

Travel far away

Qu Fu was born in a private school in Chongshou temple at the age of eight. He studied with Shan Su (Zijing), and his studies were excellent. Wang Shenfu, a Gongshi in Tongli, was pleased with his talent. He married his eldest daughter Xu Qufu, who died suddenly. Wang Shenfu continued to marry his second daughter. At the age of 19, when he won the first place in the county boy test, he gave up his fame and wandered among Zhongnan, Taihua and Jingwei. Li Yindu, a famous scholar in Fuping, praised Japan: "the beauty of the three Qin Dynasties lies in this.".

In 1692, his father died of illness on July 13. In the barren years, the poor family was unable to bury them. It was not until the second year that they were forced to bury them in the Bauhinia plain in the south of the city.

Qu Fu left home in 1694, when he was 27 years old. In spring, he left Tongguan in the East and went to Luoyang in the East. On the way, he met sun Yunxia, a scholar, and Zui Xue, an eminent monk. Soon after, I met Lu Luheng, a Jinshi of Xin'an, and organized a poetry club to express my feelings. When he arrived in Luoyang, he was sent to Kaifeng to visit xinlingjun, Yuqing and Yimen.

Kangxi 35 years (1696) from Luoyang to Beijing, lived for a year, never to see a government person. The next year, he traveled between Qilu and Heji. The remains of the former sites of the past dynasties have been sung all over the world. During this period, thanks to Liu Sanyi, the magistrate of Tancheng, for his sincere hospitality, the museum was set up in the six families of Gongshi Zhang Kai. Since then, Tancheng has become his second hometown.

In 1699, Qu Fu set out from Tancheng in autumn to Ningxiang in Shanxi Province. In winter, he traveled from Shanxi to Jiangnan for the first time to Yangzhou, Jinling, Suzhou and Hangzhou.

Settle down in Tancheng

In 1702, Qu Fu was very sad to learn that his wife Wang died in his hometown. Later, he married the local he family and settled in Tancheng. During Yang's term of office, he was bold and powerful, but he was falsely accused and dismissed. His successor, Jing Wenkang, was mediocre and despicable, taking bribes and embezzlement. Qu Fu refused to see him, so he was found to be wrong and framed by borrowing words. He was fined 30 jin to repair the city. Qu Fu didn't give in to violence, and even went bankrupt to fight with it. After two years of litigation, he spent a lot of money, but Jing Wenkang was promoted to the official minister.

In 1716, Qu Fu heard that a poor woman in Zongyang, Yao's family, had hanged herself against the violence of the young master and his son in Jinan. He angrily wrote a five character poem, a total of 391 sentences.

Be determined not to apply

In the spring of 1718 in the 57th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Qu Fu was invited to Beijing by Si Kou Chao, Ji Zhai (Ke Tuo), Ge Xue Zhao Xiaoting, Si ye Saizhi garden, observation Yue Jiao garden, and Si Jian Ma yuanchou. Qu Fu's second visit to Beijing was very prestigious. The above-mentioned people, together with poets Yue an and Tang Dai in Beijing, promoted Qu Fu to preside over the poetry club, and many scholars from him. Qu lived in the capital. He made an appointment with his friends. He didn't greet each other. He didn't talk about poetry. Besides Fu, Bi and Xing, Qu Fu focused on sustenance, forming the theory of sustenance and the school of sustenance, which were against the popular theories of "verve", "style", "texture" and "spirit" in the early Qing Dynasty. During his stay in Beijing, Prince Yixian of the imperial family of the Qing Dynasty asked Chao Ke to recommend him a learned man as a consultant. Chao Ke Tuo recommended Qu Fu three times and paid for his seniority. Qu Fu declined politely every time, and wrote "the chant of the virgin" to express his mind.

In the spring of 1729, Qu Fu, 62, returned to Tancheng, Shandong Province. He wanted to spend two years sorting out his old work. Unexpectedly, Tancheng was hit by floods, and the houses were washed away. After the books were washed away, the loss was quite large, and the idea of sorting out was lost.

In the autumn of 1730, at the age of 63, Qu Fu came to Beijing three times at the invitation of his friends and disciples. At this time, his reputation became more and more important, and most poets regarded him as a master. In this year, Xu Jun was beheaded and the poet who recited Xu's poems was executed because he wrote "Qingfeng is illiterate, why did he turn over the book in disorder" in his poem, and wrote "Your Majesty" as "juxia" in the memorial. The harshness of the literary inquisition reached its peak. Qu Fu couldn't bear the continuous occurrence of such tragedies. He wrote "the north wind", strongly criticizing the disaster of literary inquisition.

In 1735, Emperor Yongzheng died and Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne. Qu Fu was 69 years old. Yang Qizeng, the right servant of the Ministry of punishment, did not know Qu Fu, but he admired his knowledge and moral character because he had heard of him for a long time. Qu Fu, on the pretext of being old and ill, refused to apply for the job and did not thank Yang Gong. He wrote 30 poems about feelings.

Study in his later years

At the age of 71, Qu Fu wrote eight volumes of new notes to Chu Ci, which is a new interpretation of Qu Yuan's Fu and a contribution to the study of Chu Ci. In the following year, he wrote eight volumes of poetry of yuxisheng, which explained the poems of Li Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and showed his unique views. This year, Prince Yixian engaged Qu Fu for the third time. Qu Fu left for the third time, but he paid a lot of money for it. He wrote "the work of showing the disciples after Zhu Di's repeated resignations in late February", which once again expressed his innocence of integrity and his determination to live in poverty. He put his poems together, a total of 2217, compiled into the "weak water collection", with "weak water" name, has its profound meaning.

There is a record in Yugong that the weak water is the West. Liu Zihou, a writer of the Tang Dynasty, made it very clear. He said: "there is water in the mountain of the West Sea. If you are lax and weak, you can't bear the mustard. If you throw it in, you will be swept by the basket. If you don't get to the bottom, it will stop. So it's called day weak. It is the West that guides the flow of the West. " Qu Fu ordered his Tang by weak water and his poetry collection by weak water, which means that although he was unable to carry a boat against the Qing Dynasty, he was also different from other rivers flowing eastward into the sea of people, and had to flow westward instead of the way. He expressed his thoughts of opposing Qing Dynasty and restoring Ming Dynasty in a subtle way, which implied his lofty national integrity.

In 1741, when he kezhang (GE ran), a scholar in Tongli, read the collection of weak water, he said with emotion, "if it is a collection, it will not be passed on. There is no one in Guanzhong!" so he raised money to print it. Ma shuchou and Chen Changzhen commented on it and wrote a preface.

Foster son to die

In the autumn of 1742, the seventh year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, Qu Fu was seventy-five years old, but he was still determined to travel south. He left the capital to Tancheng, where he was courted by Wang xingruo, his grandson Mou and great grandson Ke Yue. The next year, he went south for the third time. In Yangzhou, friends Liu Zao (Sucun) and Gao Shiyao (Jinglai) have read his works "the formation of Tang poetry" and "the poetry of Yuxi", which are praised as "the standard of learning after that". So it was printed. Cross the river to Suzhou after May. At the beginning of July, his successor, Zeng sun, came to Thailand from Shaanxi to Suzhou to welcome his great grandfather Huipu.

Qu Fu had no son all his life. When he lived in Beijing in 1737, the clan decided to take his great grandson Qu Laitai as his heir. He was overjoyed to hear that he came to Suzhou to meet him. Naturally, he was overjoyed. He wrote twelve poems "xilaitai to Suzhou". But Qu Fu's phlegm disease broke out, so he had to come to Hexuan to recuperate at his friend he Junzhao's (Wucun) Tianbao temple. He recovered half a year later. He came to Suzhou with Tai's support, lived in Sanzhu house and wrote "Bai Yan Ming". This is the poet's last work, which is based on the inscription of Shi Ming Zhi, and expresses his national integrity throughout his life.

In the spring of 1745, he decided to go back to his hometown in Guanzhong and take a detour around Tancheng to say goodbye to his relatives and friends. He died in Tancheng on May 21. He came to Taifu coffin and was buried in his father's tomb in Pucheng, Shaanxi Province. He was 78 years old.

Literary achievements

Qu Fu is familiar with the historical facts of the rise and fall of the past dynasties, and he is proud of his ability to manage the world. He once said: "a roll of his entourage is only Huangshi, which has been rotten in his belly for 30 years." The style of Qu Fu's poems is vigorous, simple and true, sad and vigorous, and there are more than 2200 poems in modern style and ancient style. Most of his works are about history and travel, and many of his works show his feelings about the rise and fall of his native country. For example, "guoliuquchuan" describes the history of Wu Sangui's massacre of more than 100000 volunteers in his hometown in 1649: "where is the sound of frogs at the bottom of the well? 100000 wandering souls cry at night. The land is full of idle flowers and new worries. Up to now, all the rivers and the Hans flow eastward. " The poem mourns the victims and praises the uprising soldiers.

"The 60th birthday" said: "Shi Zhuan Zhi Mo Yi, current empty self litigation. How can I feel painless today It shows his integrity and nostalgia for his hometown and relatives. Other poems, such as "send home relatives and friends xiadi Xuanli" 7, send Chen Zongwu Xuanli "10 and so on, have also written the ambition of never forgetting to recover and the mood of having a home.

His works include 22 volumes of the collection of weak waters, 8 volumes of the new notes on Chu Ci, 18 volumes of the comments on Du Gongbu's poems, 8 volumes of the formation of Tang poetry, and 8 volumes of the poetry of yuxisheng (also known as the notes on Li Yishan's poems), all of which were published by Emperor Qianlong and later listed as forbidden books. There are two editions of yuxisheng poetry, one is Yangzhou Yigutang, the other is Shanghai huiwentang.

Literati evaluation

Shen Deqian selected Qu Fu in the first edition of Qing poetry

Chinese PinYin : Qu Fu