Zongmi

Guifeng zongmi

Guifeng zongmi (780-841) is a famous monk in Tang Dynasty and the fifth ancestor of Huayan Buddhism. The common surname is he, and the legal name is zongmi. He is from Xichong County, Sichuan Province.

Zongmi (780-841) was a monk of Tang Dynasty and the fifth ancestor of Huayan sect. Because he lives in lanruo of Guifeng, he is known as master Guifeng in the world. The common name is he Jiong. Guozhou Xichong (now Xichong County, Sichuan Province) people. Zengdi Jinshi met Daoyuan Zen master in the second year of Yuanhe (807) in Suizhou. He became a monk after receiving the full precepts. After his death, his posthumous title was "Zen master Dinghui".

He is a famous Buddhist thinker, who advocates "the source of Buddhism and Confucianism", and believes that "insight is based on gradual cultivation" and "teacher's theory is in accordance with the meaning of Buddhism". In 828, the second year of Dahe of Tang Wenzong, he called for the great righteousness of Buddhism and granted purple clothes as the great virtue. In 841, Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty was killed in the pagoda of Xingfu temple.

Life of the characters

It is the fifth ancestor of Huayan sect in China. He was born in Guozhou (Xichong, Sichuan) in the Tang Dynasty. He is known as Zen master Guifeng and master Guishan. He Jiong, a scholar, became a monk from Daoyuan in Suizhou in the second year of Yuanhe (807 A.D.) of emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, and received full precepts from lawyer Zheng in the same year. Daoyuan awarded Huayan Dharma Realm Guanmen, which ordered him to study everywhere. In 810 A.D., according to Volume 6 of the biography of eminent monks of Song Dynasty, zongmi came to Xianghan (now Xiangyang, Jingzhou, Hubei Province) from the East lower reaches of Sichuan Province and met the bianling peak in huijue temple. The peak sent him to watch Yan Jing Shu and Sui Shu Yan Yi Chao. After obtaining these two books, zongmi studied day and night and thought they were good books. So he wrote to Chengguan in Chang'an, claiming to be a disciple, and stated his experience after reading them. Chengguan wrote back, saying that he hoped to meet him. When zongmi was in Xianghan, he met Zhang in Jingnan. Zhang praised him as "a missionary, who should preach to the emperor.". Later, he went to Luoyang to see Zen master Zhao. Zhao also said that he was "a Bodhisattva. Who can recognize him?" finally, he went to Shangdu (Chang'an) to see Chengguan, and sighed: "Pilu Huazang, who can follow me, is only you?"? After that, he often followed Cheng Guan to learn. In the spring of the 11th year of Yuanhe, Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty (816 AD), he entered Zhiju temple in Zhongnan mountain and swore that he would not go down the mountain. He visited the Sutra collection for three years and wrote two volumes of Yuanjue Jing Kewen. In the first year of emperor Mu Zong's Changqing reign in Tang Dynasty (821 A.D.), Zong Mi visited Qingliang mountain and returned to He county (now Huxian County, Shaanxi Province) to close the Caotang temple in Zhongnan mountain. He moved to Fengde temple. During this period, he devoted himself to biography and writing. Later, he entered the Caotang temple and engaged in Zen recitation. In the reign of emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty (827-835), zongmi was often called into the inner hall. Li Ang, the emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty, asked him the main idea of Buddhism, gave him purple robes and imperial edicts. Many courtiers and scholars came back to believe in it. Prime Minister Pei Xiu often accepted the Dharma and became one of his disciples who went deep into the hall. He asked to return to the mountain soon. On the sixth day of the first year of Huichang (841 A.D.), Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty sat in Xingfu Tayuan. He had sixty-two years of life, thirty-four years of Fala, and dozens of relics. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty chased Yi Ding Hui.

A good friend of all living beings

During the period of emperor Wenzong of Tang Dynasty, the eunuch in the rich had the exclusive power. Zongmi was involved in the political struggle of "Ganlu's change" and almost killed. The course of the incident is as follows: Wenzong is dissatisfied with the exclusive power of eunuch. Zaifu, Li Xun, Zheng Zhu and others understand the intention of Wenzong, forge "Ganlu Ruixiang", call on all civil and military officials to watch, and plan to use the opportunity to watch Ganlu to kill eunuch Qiu Shiliang and others. But it was revealed that Li Xun, one of the puppet "sweet dew auspicious", fled to Zhongnanshan zongmi's temple. Zongmi and Li Xun are friends. They plan to cut his hair and hide him. But he was stopped by his apprentice (there are records about this in Zizhitongjian volume 245). after eunuch Qiu Shiliang learned about this, zongmi was arrested and put into prison. During the trial, the interrogator "counts the crimes he did not sue.". He's going to be executed. But in the face of the threat of death, Zong Mi said happily: "I have a long history of training, and I know I am rebellious. However, my teacher (referring to Buddhism) teaching method, in case of suffering is to save. If you don't love life, you are willing to die. Unexpectedly, zongmi's words moved the Interrogator's heart and exempted him from death. Before he died, he lived in Guifeng mountain, e County, Shaanxi Province, so he was called "master Guifeng". Pei Xiu praised him as "a Bodhisattva of the true Tathagata, a good friend of all living beings.". It can be seen that he is a man who practices Mahayana doctrine and practices Bodhisattva.

personal works

Zongmi is a famous scholar in the history of Chinese Buddhism. His works are numerous. The sixth volume of biography of eminent monks in Song Dynasty is "fan 200 Xu volume". According to statistics, his existing works include: six volumes of Huayan Jing Xing Yuan pin Shu Chao, one volume of Huayan Jing Xing Yuan pin Shu Ke, one volume of notes on Huayan Fang Jie Jing Men, one volume of Huayan FA Jie Guan Wen Ke, one volume of Yuanren Lun, one volume of Huayan Xin Yao FA men notes, twelve volumes of Yuanjue Jing Da Shu, thirteen volumes of Yuanjue Jing Da Shu Shi Yi Chao, and one volume of Yuanjue Lue Shu Ke Volume 1, Volume 18, Volume 2, Volume 4, Volume 4, Volume 4, Volume 4, Volume 4, Volume 4, Volume 1, Volume 1 (PEI Xiu's question, Zong Mi's answer). He also wrote two volumes of Yulan basin classics to discuss the harmony and differences between Buddhism and filial piety in China. Zongmi's academic thought inherited the theory of Xing Qi of the former Huayan scholars. The master saw that the disciples of the Chan sect slandered each other. He wrote a hundred volume collection of the commentaries on the origin of Chan (now only the preface), which collected all the Zen sayings and advocated "the unity of teaching and Zen", laying the foundation of Buddhism from the end of Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. According to the theory of one mind and two branches in Mahayana Qixin Lun, he said in Volume 1 of Huayan Sutra xingyuanpin shuchao that there are two branches of nature and origin in the realm of one true dharma. Influenced by Zen, he studied Yuanjue, Huayan and yuecang for three years, studied Weizhi and Qixin, and formed a thinking system integrating Zen education. In the end, he was worshipped as the fifth ancestor of Huayan. In Yuan Ren Lun, Zong Mi criticizes Confucianism and Taoism, and briefly discusses the works of Confucianism and Taoism from the Buddhist standpoint. This book is very popular, but it can be understood from the beginning to the end, and has the tendency of "three religions have the same origin". This may be the reason why he regarded Confucianism and Taoism with the idea of harmony and harmony. On the issue of judging religion, zongmi put forward three or five religions, which is different from the original judgment of fazang. Therefore, although he was a member of Huayan sect, his thoughts were not orthodox. There are two kinds of views on the relationship between master and the inheritance of Zen, namely: (1) it was handed down from Heze Shenhui to the legal systems of Faru, Nanyin, Daoyuan and zongmi. （2） From Jingzhong temple to Nanyin, Daoyuan, zongmi, etc. Nowadays, most people use the second genealogy. (see Volume 6 of biography of eminent monks in Song Dynasty, Volume 13 of biography of lanterns in Jingde, Volume 1 of main pulse of Zen Buddhism, Volume 29 of Buddhism, Volume 2 of Yuan Dynasty of five lanterns, volume 743 of the whole Tang Dynasty)

Disciples

Zongmi's disciples were originally recorded in the biography of Huayan Zong Buddha, but this book has been lost. However, a scholar Yang Weizhong specially revised the hereditary genealogy of Huayan Zong, with the title: Geng of Huayan Zong in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, in 2014. Among them, the biography of Chengdu sect, the first sage recorded in volume 4 of the biography of Huayan Buddhism, contains three disciples of zongmi sect. Master Xuanyu, the master of yongmu temple in the east capital (Luoyang), is named Zhenao, with the word "chihui" and the first Dharma handed down by the five ancestors. He was a disciple of master Lingfeng of huijue temple in Xianghan Dynasty. His legal name was Huiju and he changed to worship zongmi. The fifth ancestor gave him the name Zhihui and the second heir. Master Zuyin of Zuta temple, Dongdu, was named Gongtai. He was the third descendant of the fifth patriarch. There are also 13 years in Jingde Zhuandeng Lu. After the death of zongmi, there are still other disciples active in the period of Tang Wuzong, such as: Wen Chan Master of Guifeng, Taigong Chan Master of Ci'en Temple, Taixi Chan Master of Xingshan temple, Wancheng Chan Master, Jue Chan Master of Ruisheng temple, Renyu Chan Master of Huasheng temple. According to the preface to the stele of Buddhist monk Dinghui's biography in guguifeng of Tang Dynasty, there are many disciples who have reached the level of Dharma. They all know the Tathagata's views, but they are good at saying things. They may rest in the cave, or preach in the city, or break their arms in return for virtue, or wear white clothes to perish. The rest of them are monks and nuns, thousands of people. After obtaining the clan, Taoism can be passed on to the latter and recorded in other biographies. In addition, Pei Xiu, who erected a monument for master zongmi, was the prime minister during the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty. He was also a layman disciple of zongmi. He liked Buddhism and made friends with Huayan sect. At the same time, he also made friends with Zen master Huangbo Xiyun and Zen master Huishan Lingyou.

Chronicle of MAGE

In 786 (the second year of Zhengyuan of Tang Dynasty), zongmi began to study Confucianism at the age of 7. In the preface of Dashu, zongmi described himself as "Zhuan Zhuan Lu Gao" in 10 years, and under Volume 1 of DACAO, it was recorded that "Confucianism was at the age of 7 or even 16 or 17". The extensive study of Confucian classics made him have a more comprehensive understanding of Confucianism. Pei Xiu's Guifeng tablet and zanning's biography of song monks both called him "Shao Tongru book". During this period, he may have participated in the imperial examination but failed. The reason for the obstruction may be related to the "Ji Li", so zanning said that he "followed Ji Li with his talent". The fate of the imperial examination was controlled by the officials. Zongmi had a philosophical feeling of "good Tao but not good art" (Yaochen Qingliang book). He was disappointed with Confucianism, which emphasized art but despised Tao. He felt that in Confucianism, the soul had no interest to return to. In 797 (the 13th year of Zhengyuan of Tang Dynasty), when he was 18 years old, he felt no interest in Confucianism. Zongmi spontaneously turned to Buddhism. Four years later, the preface of Da Shu was called "Guanqiu tomb". The book of Yao Zhi Qing Liang is called "Fu Pang Qiu Shi Zong". Volume 1 of Da Chao is referred to as "18-9 years old, 21-2 years old, plain clothes, Zhuang Ju, listening to the classics". He came into contact with Buddhist ideas such as the teaching of Mahayana and Mahayana. "I learned for several years from Mahayana and Dharma. "（《

Chinese PinYin : Zong Mi