Xia Renhu

Xia Renhu

Xia Renhu (1874-1963), a native of Nanjing, was named xiao'an, Zhichao, zhiweng, zhichaozi and Zhichao blind old man. His five brothers, namely Xia Renpu, Xia Renshu, Xia Renxi, Xia Renhu and Xia Renshi, rank the fourth, and the villagers call him "Mr. Xia Si". Xia Renhu has been intelligent since he was young. Among the five brothers, his academic career is the most outstanding.

Life

Xia Renhu was born in a scholarly family and began to read at the age of 3. His mother was the enlightener. When he was 7 years old, he would pair up with his son, his uncle would write the first couplet "dog barking at a thousand gate months", and Xia would write the second couplet "chicken crowing at five night frost", which shows his early wisdom. As a child, he often read novels secretly. At the age of 11, he studied writing under Chen zuolin, a famous scholar in Jiangnan. But he preferred poetry to stereotype. Once, on a rainy night, he had to break a sentence: "bamboo in the banana hedge outside the window, the sound of rain at night." Chen Boyu said it had the meaning of the word, so it was called "two tone CI poet". Once I caught up with the autumn wind and rain, I suddenly got a sentence: "banana outside the fence, bamboo leaves in front of the window, general wind and rain, two kinds of autumn sound." Therefore, it has the purpose of "two tone CI poets". However, his childhood "dislike stereotyped writing" may have brought him some troubles, and Ying Tong failed in the exam again and again. Later, he recalled: "Yu Ying was also dethroned from Tongshi, and he still thinks about it today. His head is still Chu.". After many years, I still have a headache. I'm really impressed.

In the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Xia Renhu was 18 years old. After unremitting efforts, he finally won the entrance examination. In ancient times, there was Panshui beside the school palace. After the students got a scholar's degree, they went to the Minglun Hall of the school palace to pay a visit to their teacher and said, "enter the school.". Xia Renhu is a glorious "pan". The next year, Xia Renhu made up for his outstanding performance in the year-old examination. This was a very beautiful thing at that time. A scholar in the Qing Dynasty must take part in the year-end examination. If he fails in the examination, he may be dethroned, which is very strict. Therefore, there is a saying in the past that "a scholar is afraid of the year-end examination, and a beggar is afraid of the dog bite.".

In the 21st year of Guangxu, Xia Renhu, 22 years old, was recognized by long Zhanlin, the then Jiangsu Academic administrator, for his outstanding talent and learning, and was selected to study in Nanying Academy of Jiangyin. The Academy was founded by Huang Ti Fang of Guangxu middle school when he was a student of politics in Jiangsu Province. It does not teach eight parts. It is famous for its extensive study of classics, history and ci poetry, as well as primary school, astronomy, geography, algorithm and so on. Xia Renhu recalled that "there were many children from your family in the same hospital, and it was very complicated to fight for food and drink.". Xia Renhu and they do not get together, "only the day sitting in the library, pan read carrying books, knowledge began to enter less."

In the 23rd year of Guangxu, Xia Renhu was 24 years old. This year is a very important year for Xia Renhu, and even related to his life. He took part in the imperial examination and got outstanding results. He was admitted as "Bagong" and had the opportunity to go to Beijing for further study or to become an official. Tang and Song Dynasties originally had the system of "selecting quintessence", and the name of "paying tribute" began in Ming Dynasty. There are Sui Gong, en Gong, Ba Gong, you gong and Fu Gong in Qing Dynasty, which are called Wu Gong, and Ba Gong is the most difficult. Cuike will be held once every 12 years and will be held in 2001. Xia Renhu was very proud to be admitted as Bagong. More than 30 years later, he mentioned this matter, saying that "the old system of the imperial examination was extracted, and one person was removed from the county at one stroke in the 12th year of the Qing Dynasty, which was almost the same as that of the Han Dynasty, and was not drawn up in the Ming Dynasty classics list of the Tang and Song dynasties.". Pride is beyond words.

In 1898, 25-year-old Xia Renhu came to Beijing as a tribute to participate in the palace examination. He got excellent results, so he settled down in Beijing and began his 30-year official career. He was a scholar, Bagong and Juren in the late Qing Dynasty, and a minor official of the Ministry of punishment, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of post. After the revolution of 1911, he served as an official in the Ministry of communications and the Ministry of finance of the Beiyang Government of the Republic of China, and became a member of Parliament. After Zhang zuolin's entry into GATT, Xia Renhu successively served as the director of administration, deputy director of the Ministry of finance, acting director general and Secretary General of the State Council of the State Council. When the Northern Expedition broke out in 1927, the Beiyang government broke up. In 1929, at the age of 55, Xia Renhu abandoned his official position and returned to seclusion. He specialized in writing books and lecturing, and became a lecturer at Peking University and a professor at Beijing Normal University. During the Anti Japanese War, the Japanese aggressors tried to woo him. He resolutely refused the Japanese aggressors' inducements and maintained his national integrity! After the founding of new China, he became a librarian of the Central Library of culture and history. Although he was blind in his later years, Xia Renhu continued to write until he died in Beijing in 1963 at the age of 90. Xia Renhu and his wife Zhang Yuzhen have eight sons and one daughter, of which the sixth is the wife of the great female writer Lin Haiyin.

Catalogue of works

（1） Poetry, CI and Anthology

Xiaoan Shicun, six volumes, was published in 1925.

Zhichao biannian Shigao was published in 1934, with seven new volumes, 13 volumes in total and four volumes in thread bound.

He Tao Shi (He Tao Yuan Ming Shi), four volumes, was published by Fu Zengxiang in 1943.

The fourth volume of Zhichao new Yuefu expresses his indignation at what he saw and heard when Beijing was occupied. It has been finished, but not published.

Zhichao song, a four volume manuscript, was not published before his death.

Ninety memories of Zhichao, a five character poem, was printed in Hong Kong in 1963.

Xiaoan CI (seven volumes) was published in the autumn of 1913 in Daliang (Kaifeng) guild hall in March 1911.

Liang Chen Ci was published in 1929.

Huaibo Ci was published in 1929.

Zero dream Ci was published in 1929.

Yan Zhu Ci was published in 1929.

Heyangchun Ci was published in 1929.

The volume of He Jiang Baishi's Ci self-made song was published by Zhang Boju in 1938.

There are four volumes in one letter, including six volumes of Xiaoan poetry and four volumes of Xiaoan poetry.

The four volumes of Zhi Chao's manuscripts were published in parallel and scattered style at the beginning, and then revised to the category and changed the title of Xiao an's manuscripts.

"Xiaoan manuscripts" is a letter of two volumes and ten volumes, and "Xiaoan parallel prose manuscripts" is signed in front of the text. It was published in 1929.

The recent draft of poetry, prose and CI is 30 volumes, which has been finished and has not been published.

（2） Customs and anecdotes

One letter, two volumes and ten volumes.

"Autumn Ci of old Beijing" is included in "Yandu folk custom series", which was published by Zhang Cixi in 1939. Qing Gong Ci, a volume two, was published by Peking Normal University in 1941.

The volume of Sui Hua Yi Yu, a record of Nanjing Customs, was published in Nanjing literature No. 13 in 1948.

The manuscript of zhiweng canbi was published in Beiping daily in 1948.

There are 14700 words in beimenglu.

（3） Local Chronicles

For Beijing chronicles, see two chronicles.

Two volumes in one volume, printed in thread bound edition, were published in 1940. The publication of the fourteen volumes of Jinling Yiwenzhi is unknown.

Xuanwu Lake annals, eight volumes, wood cut and thread bound, one letter and two volumes, with the preface of Zhao Chunnian and Wu tingxie, was published in 1932.

The twelfth volume of Qinhuai annals, preface by Fu Yuefen, is published in Nanjing literature No. 24 in 1948.

The ten volumes of the records of the adherents of the Ming Dynasty in Jinling are the materials for compiling chronicles. They have been completed and have not been published.

The fourteen volumes of inscriptions and postscripts of Jinling art and literature, written in 1931, are not available for publication.

It is not clear whether Jinling Tongdian will be finished.

The manuscript of Beihai Xiaozhi was sent to the Central Museum of literature and history.

（4） Academic works

Zhichao Sishu, a volume of four volumes, was printed by Peking University in 1943.

"Exploring the source of Xuehai" is an eight volume book, which describes the style of Guoxue poetry and prose. It has been completed and has not been published.

There are twelve volumes of Xuehai Jinliang, whose publication is unknown.

"Guoce Xuanyu classification" recorded the meaningful words in "guoce", whether the manuscript is completed or not is unclear.

Twelve volumes of notes on the strategies of the Warring States period have been completed and not published.

There are five volumes of Jinya, one of which is twelve volumes. It has been finished and has not been published before.

There are six volumes of Bi Cheng Bu, whose publication is unknown.

（5） Drama and novel

The legend of bishanlou was published in Shenyang in 1925.

It is not clear whether the opera "Legend of Pearl shoes" will be published.

The novel "five colored flowers" was published in the new newspaper of Dumen, which was founded after the revolution of 1911.

The novel "the history of the park" has been finished and has not been published.

Chinese PinYin : Xia Ren Hu