Wan Yanliang
Wan Yanliang
Wan Yanliang (February 24, 1122 to December 15, 1161) was born in Huining County, Huining prefecture (now Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province) with the character Yuangong and his real name Wan Yandi gunai. The fourth emperor and litterateur of Jin Dynasty, the grandson of wanyanmin, the Grand Master of Jin Dynasty, and the second son of wanyanzong, the Grand Master of Jin Dynasty.
Wan Yanliang was a gifted young man. He was deep and general, elegant, leisurely and peaceful. He was magnificent and experienced. He highly respected the Han culture. He loved to associate with the famous people of Liao and Song Dynasties who lived in the Jin Dynasty. His clan had a good reputation. His talent was feared by Xi Zong Wan Yanliang. In 1149, wanyanliang, only 27 years old, killed his monarch and usurped the throne as emperor. During his twelve years in office, he was cruel, arrogant, obscene and murderous. However, at the same time, Wan Yanliang also made great efforts to encourage agriculture, rectify the official administration, carry out strict reform, improve the financial system, vigorously promote the Sinicization, move the capital to Yanjing, extremely strengthen the centralization of power, and achieve the Xujiang Zhishu, which further consolidated the Chinese orthodoxy of the Jin Dynasty and established its rule in the north.
In the sixth year of Zhenglong (1161), Wan Yanliang intended to unify China and prosper the country. He launched an army to the Southern Song Dynasty. However, he died in the hands of Wan Yanyuan and others when he crossed the river in Guazhou. He was 40 years old. After his death, he was first deposed as emperor Yang of Hailing, and soon he was deposed as a commoner.
It is worth mentioning that Hailing king was also a great literary scholar with great achievements in his lifetime. He praised the poem "chanting and chanting at that time". His poems are powerful and powerful, and his atmosphere is magnificent and ancient. His heroic power of not wanting to be a man has been on the paper. Wanyanyong, the emperor of the later Jin Dynasty, abandoned his writing because of his personality. There are only a few works of wanyanliang, which are included in Quan Jin Yuan CI.
Life of the characters
fledgling
Wan Yanliang was intelligent and studious when he was young. He had a deep foundation in Han culture. He was elegant in Song Dynasty and was good at poetry and prose. He also loved to communicate with the famous scholars of Liao and Song Dynasty who lived in Jin Dynasty. Tasting tea and playing chess, talking about the past and the present, he has become a man of both culture and military strategy, with a leisurely look and a gentle attitude.
Wanyanliang is romantic, ambitious, eloquent, and can understand people's psychology. Jin Xizong deeply taboo its talent, for fear of future trouble, did not dare to use.
In 1140, when Wan Yanliang was 18 years old, he took zongshizi as the general of Fengguo and went to the former envoy of Wanyan zongbi (Wushu) army, the king of Liang Dynasty. He managed ten thousand people and moved to Hushi as the general.
In 1144, Wanyan Liang, a general of dragon and tiger guards, was left behind in Zhongjing (located in the area of today's Beijing) of the Jin Dynasty and moved to Guanglu.
In May 1147, Emperor Xizong summoned Wan Yanliang to Shangjing (now Acheng City, Heilongjiang Province), the capital of the state of Jin, to serve as the chief judge and the chief judge. In November, he paid homage to zuocheng, took power and placed his confidants in important positions. Among them, Xiao Yu became the Minister of the Ministry of War (the second minister of national defense). When talking with Jin Xizong on November one day, Wan Yanliang cried bitterly about Jin Taizu's difficulties in starting a business. Xizong thought he was very loyal.
In June of the eighth year of Huangtong (1148), he paid homage to Pingzhang. In November, pay homage to the prime minister.
In the first month of the ninth year of Huangtong (1149), he was also the marshal of the capital. In March, he paid homage to the Taibao and led the three provinces. He was more versatile and had close contacts with powerful families.
Regicide and usurpation
In 1149, Emperor Xizong was dissatisfied with wanyanliang's sudden expansion of power. In the first month of the lunar calendar, Emperor Xiaodi Daxing of Jinxi's clan gave wanyanliang a birthday present with a portrait of Sima Guang of Song Dynasty and other treasures. Pei man, the empress of mourning Ping, also gave a gift. As a result, Emperor Jinxi was displeased and punished Xiaodi Daxing with a hundred sticks to recover the gift. Wan Yanliang was upset when he knew about it. In April, when Zhang Jun, a bachelor, drafted the imperial edict, he altered it without authorization and was found to have the source. Jin Xizong asked who was the instigator, and left Prime Minister Wanyan Zongxian replied that it was Taibao Wanyan Liang. Jin Xizong was displeased, so he demoted Wan Yanliang to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to lead the taishangshu. When Wan Yanliang passed through Zhongjing, he conspired with Xiao Yu, the Minister of the Ministry of war there. When he came to Liangxiang, he was called back by Xizong. Wanyanliang didn't know the intention of Xizong and was very scared. When he returned to Shangjing, he returned to Pingzhang politics, but wan Yanliang's opposition was resolved.
At the beginning, when Jin Xizong took the throne as the direct grandson of Jin Taizu, Wan Yanliang thought that he was the son of Wan yanzonggan, the eldest son of Jin Taizu, and also the grandson of Jin Taizu, so he coveted the throne.
As early as the seventh year of Huangtong (1147), Jin Xizong began to lose his temper and kill people. For example, when he gave a banquet, he killed innocent people indiscriminately because of some small things, which caused the dissatisfaction of court officials. In July of the eighth year of emperor's reign (1148), Zuo Cheng, the emperor's son-in-law, argued with Tang Kuo that he was not sincere in his duty and held a staff. In August of the ninth year of Huangtong (1149), Yan Bingde finished his political work. Those who are dissatisfied with jinxizong have the idea of abolishing it. Tang Kuo Bian, Wan Yan Bing de Xian and WAN Yan Wu Dai (WAN Yan Yan), the Minister of Dali, plan to abolish Xizong, and Wu Dai introduces Wan Yan Liang. Wan Yanliang and Tang Kuo argue that they conspire to abolish the throne. They ask who can succeed if Xizong is abolished? The original intention of Tang Kuo Bian and Bingde was not wanyanliang. Tang Kuo argued that Wang Wan Yan Chang Sheng (WAN Yan Yuan) seemed to be able to. When Wan Yanliang asked who was next, Tang Kuo argued that Wan Yan a'leng, the son of King Deng's Wan Yan (SH ì), was OK. Wan Yanliang retorts that aleng can't do it. Tang Kuo asked rhetorically, "does Gong have the will to be emperor?" Wan Yanliang said: "it's a last resort. Who else can I give up?" Soon, Wan Yanliang and Tang kuodian conspired overnight, which aroused the suspicion of the guard general Wan yantess. Tess told Pei man, Queen of mourning, so Jin Xizong learned. Jin Xizong was angry and called Tang Kuo to argue with him. Wanyanliang therefore very taboo wanyanyuan, Wanyan aleng, and extremely hate wanyantesi.
At that time, sun Jinmao, a soldier in Henan Province, was called emperor's younger brother king of chencha, while wanyanyuan and wanyanchala were the only younger brothers of jinxizong. Jin Xizong suspected that it was Wan Yanyuan, and sent Yan Tesi to investigate, but there was no result. Wan Yanliang took the opportunity to frame the case. Jin Xizong thought it was. He sent Tang Kuo Bian and Xiao Shu to interrogate Wan yantesi. Wan yantesi was forced to confess, and WAN Yanyuan was convicted. In October, after killing Yan Yuan, he killed Wan Yan Cha Ci, Wan Yan te Si, Wan Yan a Leng and his brother Wan Yan TA Leng. In this way, Jin Xizong killed all his brothers and became more isolated.
By December of the ninth year of Huangtong (1149), those who wanted to abolish Xizong had formed a party. Daxingguo, who was once blamed by the staff for giving gifts, formed a clique with Wan Yanliang because he was related to his confidant, minister Shi Li. At that time, he was waiting on Xizong's daily life in his bedroom. He always took the palace key home from the principal by night intentionally or unintentionally. Everyone was used to it. The ten bodyguard's chief servant, San Hutu, wanted to repay Wan Yanliang's father Wan yanzonggan's old kindness. Tu Dan Ali chuhu was Wan Yanliang's in laws. On December 9, Ding Si, the two on duty night, Daxing state with the palace key to open all the palace doors, and WAN Yanliang, Bing De, Tang kuodian, Wu Dai, Tu Danzhen, Li laoseng to the bedroom. Jin Xizong used to put the sabre on the bed. That night, Daxing Kingdom took it and put it under the bed. When the incident happened, Xizong begged not to wear the sabre, so he was killed. They worshipped Wan Yanliang as emperor, 27 years old, and changed the ninth year of emperor's reign to the first year of Tiande. He pretended that Jin Xizong wanted to discuss the establishment of the Imperial Palace, and called all the ministers into the palace to kill the Cao King Wan yanzongmin and the Zuo Prime Minister Wan yanzongxian.
In the second year after taking office, Wan Yanliang attacked the imperial clan and led the taishangshu to save Yan Bingde, left behind in Tokyo and Beijing. All of them were killed by Wan Yanliang. More than 70 of the descendants of Emperor Taizong were killed, and almost all of them died. For the same purpose, he also used an excuse to wipe out more than 30 people, more than 100 people, more than 20 people and so on. Since then, the old general Wanyan salihe, who had been holding heavy troops for a long time, was also killed.
Wan Yanliang not only killed the royal family minister, but also killed his direct mother, Shan Shi. Tu Shan's wife is zonggan's wife, and WAN Yanliang's biological mother, Da Shi, is a concubine. In daily life, we have to look at TU Shan's eyes and act. Da Shi is "very cautious and gets along well with each other" and gains superficial equality through careful consideration. In this regard, Wan Yanliang saw it very clearly, and he was worried about Tu Shan. In 1161, Wan Yanliang wanted to mobilize a large army to attack the Song Dynasty, but the Empress Dowager tudan strongly opposed it. When he was young, Wan Yanliang scolded: "not my mother, but the youngest wife of the king of Liang and Song dynasties." Then Da Huaizhong, Xi Shi, Gao Fu and others were sent to kill the Empress Dowager in Ningde palace, and more than ten maidservants were killed. After killing the empress dowager, she felt not satisfied, and then threw her bone into the water, almost crazy.
Move capital to Yanjing
After Jin conquered the Northern Song Dynasty, he drew a line with the Southern Song Dynasty and occupied the territory of the Central Plains and Northern China. In the Jin Dynasty, Korea, Xixia and other countries were under the jurisdiction of a vast territory, but the capital was located in the northeast. The transportation of materials and the delivery of official documents were often in violation of the law, and the envoys were difficult to travel, which made it impossible for the government to reach the inside and outside in time. At the same time, Shangjing is far away in the northeast, which not only has many problems in governing the country, but also causes the political image of Jin Dynasty to remain the conqueror of the Hu nationality in northern Saibei, rather than the Chinese Orthodox dynasty that Wan Yanliang has been pursuing and advocating. Therefore, it is difficult for the Han people in the Central Plains and the Han Khitans to return to Wan Yanshi, and with the passage of time, the problems will affect the stability of the country There must be more and more negative effects.
In addition, there is another reason that can not be ignored is that the palaces and pavilions, Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, streets and alleys of Huining mansion in Shangjing all leave traces of King Xizong's popularity of monarchy. The nostalgia of the royal family in Shangjing and the yearning for others easily form a political climate of echo, which brings disaster to Wan Yanliang, the emperor who killed his brother to win the throne. Therefore, Wanyan
Chinese PinYin : Wan Yan Liang
Wan Yanliang
