Song Guangzong

Zhao Dun

Zhao Dun (September 30, 1147 - September 17, 1200), the 12th emperor of the Song Dynasty (February 18, 1189 - July 24, 1194), was born in Qiantang County, Lin'an prefecture (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), the third son of Zhao Min, the third son of song Xiaozong, whose mother was Guo, Empress of chengmu.

He was born on September 30, 1147 in Shaoxing. In the 20th year of Shaoxing (1150), Zhao Dun was given the name, the right guard was given the title, the deputy governor was given the title, and the governor was transferred to Rongzhou. After Song Xiaozong ascended the throne, he worshipped the Jiedushi and Kaifu Yitong of Zhentao army and was granted the title of King Gong. Qiandao seven years (1171) as the crown prince. Chunxi 16 years (1189), by the song Xiaozong Zen, ascended to the throne as emperor, change yuan Shaoxi. Shaoxi five years (1194) Zen is located in the second son zhaokuan, became the emperor, known as "Shaoxi inner Zen".

On August 17, 1200, Xinmao died in Shoukang palace. He was 54 years old. His posthumous title was Emperor Xianren Shengzhe cixiao, and his temple name was Guangzong. He was buried in yongchong mausoleum. Jiatai three years (1203), plus posthumous title for xunzhenrenming gongmaode docile wusheng zhechixiao emperor.

At the beginning of Zhao Dun's succession to the throne, he really wanted to reform the old and bring forth the new. He could listen to the advice of his ministers and eliminated some unworthy people. However, he was "envious and fierce in the palace" and had a serious fear of internal affairs, which led to the abandonment of the government in the later period. He also listened to slander and alienated the supreme emperor Zhao Min, which caused the political crisis in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the five years of Zhao Dun's reign, the achievements of "Qianchun's rule" gradually disappeared, and the Southern Song Dynasty began to turn from prosperity to decline.

Life of the characters

Early experience

On September 30, 1147, Zhao Dun was born in Xiaozong's mansion. He is the third son of Zhao Min, Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty, and his mother is Guo, Empress of chengmu. In the 20th year of Shaoxing (1150), Zhao Dun was given the name, the right guard was given the title, the deputy governor was given the title, and the governor was transferred to Rongzhou. After Song Xiaozong ascended the throne, Zhao Dun worshipped the governor of taojun, Kaifu Yi, and the third division, and was granted the title of King Gong.

After the death of Prince Zhuang Wen, Xiaozong thought that Zhao Dun's heroic ability was like his own, and he wanted to be the prince, but because he couldn't reach him by the long round, he didn't decide. At this time, Yu Yunwen was the prime minister and asked to establish the crown prince as soon as possible. In 1171, Zhao Dun was made the crown prince.

In October 1187, Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty died. Xiaozong was so sad that he wanted to keep Xiaozong for three years. In addition, at this time, Xiaozong was tired of political affairs, so he planned to abdicate to his son Zhao dun. In February of the 16th year of Chunxi (1189), Zhao Dun ascended the throne from the Zen position of song Xiaozong, his father.

Li Hougan

Li fengniang, the empress of emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty, was the second daughter of Li Dao, the festival envoy of Qingyuan army. She was recommended by the warlock huangfutan to Gaozong and employed as Princess Gong. She was envious by nature and often told Gaozong and Xiaozong that the people around the prince were not right. She was reprimanded by the two palaces.

After emperor Guangzong ascended the throne, his condition was good and bad, and he was unable to deal with the government normally, which was in the arms of Queen Li. From the third year of the reign of Shaoxi, "most of the political affairs were decided later", and the power was left to the hands of Li. However, she was neither interested in nor able to participate in the decision-making of the imperial court. The most important role of power for her was to make a lot of profits for her family. She made her mother's family king for three generations. Her nephew, Xiaoyou and Xiaochun, paid homage to Jiedu envoys. On one visit to the family temple, she bestowed favor on 26 relatives, 172 envoys, and Li family guests. The abuse of Li's relatives' kindness has not been seen since the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty. Li's family temple also blatantly violated the rules and regulations, and there were more guards to guard than Tai Temple. The great power and wealth gained by Empress Li's family were undoubtedly bestowed by her sick husband Guangzong.

Differences between Li Chu

The empress of emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty, Li's family, only had Zhao Kuai, the king of Jia, as the crown prince. It was a matter of course, but she was obstructed by Emperor Xiaozong. In contrast, Zhao Sheng, the son of Zhao Kai, the king of Wei, was intelligent and loved by Xiaozong. At the beginning, Guangzong replaced Zhao Kai, the second elder brother, as the crown prince. Now Xiaozong dotes on Zhao Kai's son and does not agree to make Jiawang the crown prince. This virtually deepens Guangzong's suspicion of the existence of Xiaozong and makes Guangzong feel scared and uneasy all the time. In his opinion, his father seems to be a potential threat not only to the crown prince status of Jiawang, but also to his own throne.

Under the constant estrangement between empress Li and eunuchs with ulterior motives, this kind of fear gradually became a lingering shadow of Guangzong, and its psychological and spiritual pressure became greater and greater, which finally led to the symptoms of groundless suspicion and extreme paranoia. He regarded Chonghua palace as a path of fear, and no longer went to greet him regularly, avoiding Xiaozong as much as possible. The emperor's filial piety was at fault, and the ministers were duty bound to admonish him. The words and deeds of the ministers aroused Guangzong's stubbornness and suspicion, and finally led to the disturbance of passing the palace which lasted for several years.

Guangzong's condition is getting worse and worse, and the queen Li is responsible for it. She is jealous and has a strong desire for power. On the one hand, she dominates the harem, and does not allow any women to compete with her for favor. Guangzong has to swallow her anger and is depressed; on the other hand, she regards Xiaozong couple as the biggest threat to her queen status, and tries to alienate Xiaozong and Guangzong father and son, which aggravates Guangzong's morbid psychology to a great extent.

Shaoxi inner Zen

On the issue of passing the Imperial Palace, some ministers spoke with reason and emotion to Guangzong. Sometimes Guangzong seemed to be moved. At that time, he agreed to pass the Imperial Palace, but once he entered the Imperial Palace, he would change his mind under the control of empress Li, and finally he failed to go. Once, Guangzong passed the imperial edict under the advice of Xie Shenfu and other ministers. When he was about to leave, empress Li came out from behind the screen and took him back. Chen Fuliang, a member of Zhongshu society, took Guangzong's coat and followed him to the back of the screen. Unexpectedly, she was scolded by Empress Li, and Chen Fuliang had to cry out. Zhao Ruyu was a trusted Minister of Guangzong. Guangzong was also capricious about his persuasion.

With the deterioration of song Guangzong's illness, the political situation began to be turbulent, and the officials could no longer tolerate the mad emperor. In July 1194, Zhao Ruyu, Han kuozhou and others, with the support of the Empress Dowager Wu's family, supported Zhao Kuo, the king of Jia, to ascend the throne. After emperor ningzong ascended the throne, Emperor Guangzong was the supreme emperor, and empress Shouren was the supreme queen, who moved to Tai'an palace.

At this time, the emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty was still in the shadow of the handover of power. When he knew, he refused to accept the court of ningzong for a long time, and still lived in the Imperial Palace, refusing to move to the palace prepared for the emperor. His fear of losing the throne finally came true, and his condition worsened. Li, who lost power with him, was not as aggressive to Guangzong as before. Instead, he felt sympathy for Guangzong. For fear of touching Guangzong's weak nerves, she often used a cup to ease Guangzong's depression. She also repeatedly told the servants and maids not to mention such sensitive words as "supreme emperor" and "neichan" in front of Guangzong.

Died of illness

On August 16, 1200, Guangzong fell ill. On September 17, Guangzong died in Shoukang palace. He was 54 years old and was buried in yongchongling. November Bingyin day, posthumous title Xianren sage emperor cixiao, temple name Guangzong.

Jiatai three years (1203) in November Renshen day, plus posthumous title for xunzhenxianrenming gongmaode docile wusheng zhechixiao emperor.

Character evaluation

General comments

Song Guangzong was one of the mediocre emperors in Song Dynasty. He was 42 years old when he ascended the throne from his father song Xiaozong. He was not old, but he was weak and sickly. Psychologically, he did not have the ability to run the country in peace. He listened to the slander of treacherous officials, dismissed Xin Qiji and other major war ministers, and let Li fengniang, the famous jealous woman and cruel queen of the time, take charge of the government. His mastery of the government was declining.

Historical evaluation

Tuotuo and so on: "Guangzong has the command to hear when he was young, but he always uses Confucianism and elegance. It was found in the early administration of Shaoxi that it was advisable to arrest him and take up the throne with general power, screen him and give him a reprieve. And husband palace Wei envy fierce, inside can't control, startle worry cause disease. Since then, politics has become increasingly dim, filial piety has become increasingly sluggish, and the career of Qian and Chun has declined. "

Wang Fuzhi: "Fu Guangzong regarded Jin Hui and distinguished Shu Mai Er, which was high in Tang Dynasty and still under the layer of tiredness." "Although Guangzong was dark, how could it exterminate Tianyi and make the clan in danger? There is no way to teach, there is no one to help, there is no time to wait for it, there is no awareness of faint habits, and there is no news of a shrewd wife. "

Anecdotes and allusions

Kill Aifei

After Guangzong ascended the throne, Li became the queen and became more and more unscrupulous. In the face of his tough wife, the cowardly Guangzong was afraid and helpless. Once, when Guangzong washed his hands, he saw that the maid in waiting with the basin was white in both hands. He couldn't help but look happy. Unexpectedly, he was seen by the queen. A few days later, empress Li sent someone to deliver a food box. Guangzong opened it and found that it contained the hands of the maiden who carried the basin last time. Because of her white hands, a maid in waiting got the favor of Guangzong. Li couldn't tolerate it. She wanted to get rid of Guangzong's favorite concubines.

When Guangzong was still in the East Palace, Gaozong gave him a concubine named Huang. Guangzong was favored by Guangzong when he ascended the throne. Empress Li was naturally jealous. She took advantage of Guangzong's leaving the palace to offer sacrifices to huangguifei, and then sent someone to tell Guangzong that huangguifei "died violently". Guangzong knew that it was the Queen's poisoned hand, but he was shocked and sad. Besides crying, he didn't even have the courage to question the queen. This sudden attack and a series of strange things happened in the next day's sacrifice directly led to the complete collapse of Guangzong's spirit.

You can't catch a chicken

At the beginning of Shaoxi, Guangzong led his concubines to visit jujingyuan. Ministers argued that when Gaozong was alive, Xiaozong would respectfully invite him to travel with him, while Guangzong only paid attention to playing by himself. Seeing such a memorial, the light

Chinese PinYin : Song Guang Zong