song zhiwen

song zhiwen

Song Zhiwen (about 656-712) was born in Xicheng, Fenzhou (now Fenyang, Shanxi), Hongnong, Guozhou (now Lingbao, Henan), a poet and scholar of Tang Dynasty. Also known as Shaolian, the word Yanqing. Shangyuan Jinshi.

Tired turn Shangfang Jiancheng, Zuo FengChen worship. He attached himself to Zhang Yi's brother and joined the army in Taki Prefecture. During the reign of emperor Zhongzong, he fled back to Luoyang and made contributions to informers. He promoted Honglu to the main office and moved to wailang, a member of the imperial examination. Later, Princess Taiping attached Princess Anle, denounced Princess Taiping, demoted Bian governor history, and changed Yue governor history.

In August of the first year of Xiantian (712), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Longji, was given a death sentence after he ascended the throne.

Most of the poems are eulogizing the merits and virtues, with gorgeous diction and natural fluency, which has a great influence on the formation of regular poems. The original collection has been lost, and there are two volumes of Song Zhi Wen Ji.

Together with Chen Ziang, Lu zangyong, Sima Chengzhen, Wang Shi, Bi Gou, Li Bai, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei and he Zhizhang, they are known as the ten friends of Xianzong.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Song Zhiwen was born in the first year of Xianqing (656) of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, and had no prominent family background. His father, song Lingwen, was born in Xianglu. He was determined to study and to make friends with others Versatile, not only "rich words, but also work book, powerful Jue people, the world known as three unique." During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Zuo xiaoweilang and Dongtai Shuzheng, who had been studying old books, enjoyed a good reputation. Under the influence of his father, song Zhiwen and his younger brother song Zhiti, song Zhixun, who were diligent and studious since childhood, each got one of his father's best; song Zhiti was brave and brave, song Zhixun was good at Cao Li, and song Zhiwen was an expert in engineering. In the second year of the Shang Yuan Dynasty (675), song Zhiwen, a tall and dignified scholar, boarded the "dragon's gate" and embarked on the right path of becoming an official.

The way to be an official

The day of song Zhiwen's success was the time when Empress Wu Zetian actually took charge of the government. Empress Wu inherited "Zhenguan" and made great efforts to select talents. Song Zhiwen and Yang Jiong were called to the zhinei literature museum under the name of talent. Soon, he was awarded the military service in Luozhou (now the northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province). In the second year of Yonglong's reign (681), he joined the Chongwen museum with Yang Jiong as a bachelor. In the autumn of 690, Empress Wu became emperor and changed the name of the state to Zhou. Song Zhiwen and Yang Jiong were summoned to join the cabinet in the west of Luoyang. During the 15 years, song Zhiwen soon became a Bachelor of five grades from the internal education of jiupindian, and was admired by the world. In Tang Dynasty, as a bachelor, he was regarded as a counselor of the emperor, a servant in and out of the palace, and was especially favored by the emperor. Song Zhiwen, with a humble family background, was more grateful for his glory and regarded it as a shortcut and guarantee to get rank in salary. He said in the preface to Prince Ping's farewell from Princess Taiping's visit to jiulongtan for a banquet in Fengchi: "I'm not a junior official. I've been working in Lingqiu for a long time. I can't go to Taoyuan in the past. I can't climb the laurel tree of the king." The typical expression of his mentality. Wu houya is a good writer, and song Zhiwen is a good thinker. A tour of Luoyang Longmen, Empress Wu ordered his ministers to write poems, Zuo Shi Dongfang Qiu poetry first, Empress Wu gave robes. And song Zhiwen's "Longmen Yingzhi" poem is presented, "both literature and science are beautiful, so it is called good." Empress Wu won the eastern Qiu brocade robe and gave it to him. It not only reflects Empress Wu's advocacy of the style of Ode to beauty, but also shows song Zhiwen's creative direction at that time, which has a great influence on his reputation and status.

During the period of Wu Zhou, song Zhiwen not only followed Empress Wu to travel in Henan, but also flattered Empress Wu's relatives, who were very lucky. He felt that "he only got his ambition, but also forgot his body." This pursuit and life made him gradually indulge and degenerate, and consciously or unconsciously fell into the political whirlpool of the ruling group. In his later years, song Zhiwen was successively transferred to be the Minister of Shang Shu and the Minister of Zuo FengChen. His courteous ministers, Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong, called on him to practice with his friends Du Shenyan, Yan Chaoyin, Shen Quanqi, Wang Wujing, Yin Yuankai, Li Shi, Fu Jiamo and Liu Yunji. Song Zhiwen, Yan Shiyin and many other contract workers, Zhang Fuguan, are included in the collection, and they are obsessed with each other. Shu Cheng, in the second year of Chang'an (703 years) moved to the Secretary of the book of rites.

In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), Prime Minister Zhang cambozhi and Prince dianshanlang Wang Tongjiao forced Empress Wu to abdicate, killed two Zhang and established emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty. Song Zhiwen and Du Shenyan were relegated. Song Zhiwen demoted Longzhou (today's Luoding, Guangdong Province) to join the army. All things were difficult. He admired Xirong and secretly fled to Luoyang the next spring. He found out that his friend Zhang Shenzhi and Wang Tongjiao were plotting to kill Prime Minister Wu Sansi (when Zhang Cambodian was demoted). Later, he sent someone to tell the truth and was promoted to Honglu, who was "deeply ridiculed by righteous people".

In July of the first year of Jinglong (707), Prince Li chongjun was killed after he killed Wu Sansi and his son. Song Zhiwen praised the merits of Wu's father and son. He asked him to build a memorial tablet of emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty for his praise. In the next year, he moved to kaogong yuan wailang, and joined with Du Shenyan, Wu Pingyi, Shen Quanqi, Yan Chaoyin and other scholars of Xiuwen School In 709, he was moved to Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province.

During the reign of emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, song Zhiwen was deeply touched by the political turmoil and his personal experience of being spoiled and humiliated. His arrival from the decadent palace to the fresh and beautiful water town also made him begin to purify his mind and sublimate his realm. In his temple inscription for Yu written in Yuezhou, he sincerely praised Dayu's eternal virtue of flood control, disaster relief and saving the people, and then wrote: "it is the virtue of Ming Dynasty to enjoy the king's heart. Later, when he was in politics, he was a good sycophant. We should drink the mirror water and encourage the Qing Dynasty, help the bamboo and arrow to straighten themselves, and pray for God's rest and help the people to rest. " It reflects the change of thought and emotion. As a result, he took risks in climbing mountains in Yuezhou, visited people's livelihood, and began to turn his poetry creation into a healthy and fresh track, "spread in the capital, and everyone spread satire.".

Death in a foreign land

Just when song Zhiwen began to embark on the road of "rebirth", another palace coup forced him to a desperate situation. In June of the first year of Jingyun (710), Li Longji, the prince of Linhai, and Princess Taiping killed empress Wei and Princess Anle. They supported Tang Ruizong. They tried to attach two pieces of song Zhiwen and Wu Sansi's imperial edict to Qinzhou (now the northeast of Qinzhou City in Guangxi), and later changed it to Guizhou with amnesty. In August of the first year of Xiantian (712), after Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty Li Longji ascended the throne, song Zhiwen was given a death sentence and ended his last life journey. "The old book of Tang Dynasty" said that he was "born in nature, and was given death in the resettlement.". "New Tang Shu" said that he "gave death to Guilin", the plot is very sad: "the question of the imperial edict shock sweat, East and West steps, do not lead to a decision. Zuyong asked the emissary to say, "if I have a wife, I am glad to hear it.". The emissary Xu Zhi, who was in a panic, could not deal with family affairs. Zu Yong said angrily, "if we are all responsible for our country, we should die. How can we return to evil later?" It's food and drink, bathing and death. "

Main impact

Like Shen Quanqi, he made the rules of metrical poetry more detailed, perfected the system of five character metrical poetry, and created a new style of seven character metrical poetry. He was also one of the founders of metrical poetry.

As a poet, song Zhiwen was well-known when he was young. "He was especially good at five character poetry, but he couldn't be better than the one on his right at that time." From the works collected in Song Zhi Wen Ji and Quan Tang Shi, we can see that he had a good grasp of the genre at that time, and was familiar with the use of the famous sentences. For example, the short song "dongxiaoyin, a gift to Sima Chengzhen" tells a friendly sentence: "in the cold pool of the bright moon, the green and withered wind is singing. If you don't tell the layman about this, you can love without hatred. " The ancient five character poem titled Zhang Lao pine tree is used to describe Gao Jie's sentence: "a hundred feet without inch branches, a lifetime of solitude." In the seven character ancient poem the chapter of Ming River, the author thinks about the sentence of "the Ming River is not to be loved, and is willing to take the place of Cha". He even set up the weaving girl's machine stone and visited the city to sell divination. " The five character quatrain "send Du Shenyan" expresses parting: "the sick person is absolutely dead, and the king travels thousands of miles. The river and bridge do not send each other off, but the river and the trees are far away. " Five character long law "Lingyin Temple" painted Shengjing sentence: "Louguan Canghai day, door to Zhejiang tide." They are fresh and easy, sincere and picturesque. Song Zhiwen's poetry is a kind of literary prose, which emphasizes on comparison, is precise, and has a great contribution to the rhythm of poetry. He and Shen Quanqi, on the basis of the creation and development of Qi, Liang shenfang and Yu Xin to the early Tang Dynasty, made great efforts to practice and sum up, so that each system of metrical poetry reached a mature and stereotyped stage, clearly separated the boundary between ancient style poetry and modern style poetry, and used this form to write excellent works, such as Jiang Ting Wan Wang, late berthing Xiang Jiang, Ti Da Yu Ling Bei Yi, Du Da Yu Ling And so on.

Appreciating Du Da Yu Ling

Du Ling left the country and stopped to look at home.

Soul with the South Zhu bird, tears to the North Branch flower.

At the beginning of the mountain rain, the clouds on the river are about to turn into rosy clouds.

But I dare not hate Changsha.

Song Zhiwen was convicted of fawning on Zhang Yizhi, a favorite Minister of Wu Zetian. After the restoration of Zhongzong, he was demoted to join the army in Longzhou (now Luoding County, Guangdong Province) in the spring of the first year of Shenlong (705). This poem "Du Dayu ridge" was written by him when he passed Dayu ridge on his way to the banishment center. It vividly describes the scene of crossing the ridge. It is sad and touching. The first sentence of "Du Ling Fang CI Guo" is a direct narration, which indicates that the poet has come to the top of Meiling, which is the boundary between China and foreign countries. He is going to go out of the Central Plains and bid farewell to his native country. A word "Fang" connects "Du Ling" and "Ci Guo", which suddenly makes people feel swaying and makes the style steep and lofty. In the sentence of "stop and look at home", the poet stops his long-distance post car and stops at the border between the Central Plains and the "Yi kingdom" to look at the direction of his hometown. At this point, the image of a demoted official tourist is displayed in front of us. The word "Yi" of "Yiwang" is also very vivid, conveying the poet's deep feelings of nostalgia for his country.

"The soul follows the birds in the South and the tears run out of the flowers in the north" in the hanlian couplet, closely following the word "Wang" in the first couplet. The poet looks into the countryside and sees the birds flying and the flowers blooming. The bird in the poet's eyes is "the South"

Chinese PinYin : Song Zhi Wen