Sun Qifeng

Sun Qifeng

Sun Qifeng (1584-1675) was a master of Neo Confucianism in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. In his later years, he lectured in xiafeng village of Huixian County for more than 20 years. He had many followers and was known as Mr. xiafeng in the world.

In 1644, the first year of Shunzhi (1644), after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing government called sun Zhengjun repeatedly. Together with Li Jia and Huang Zongxi, they were called the three great Confucians in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Sun Qifeng wrote a lot in his life. His main academic works are: biography of Li Xue Zong, Sheng Xue Lu, Bei Xue Bian, Luo Xue Bian, Si Shu Jin Zhi, Du Yi Da Zhi, and Shu Jing Jin Zhi.

Life of the characters

In the works of Quan Zuwang, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, sun Qifeng, Li Gu and Huang Zongxi are called "the three great Confucians of the early Qing Dynasty"; in the works of contemporary scholars, it is also common to mention sun Qifeng's "northern learning" and Huang Zongxi's "Southern learning". Traditional Confucianists regard "morality", "speech" and "meritorious service" as "three immortality", which can also be regarded as "three immortality" by reviewing sun Qifeng's virtue, writings and meritorious service. Rongcheng belongs to Baoding Prefecture of Zhili. Sun Qifeng was born into an official family. His father was an upright official, which was known by the villagers. Sun Qifeng had an extraordinary ambition when he was young. He came to Yixiang at the age of 14 and paid a visit to Yang Shangbao. He was asked, "if you are in a besieged city, there is no food inside and no rescue outside, what should you do?" Sun Qifeng replied in a loud voice, "do not go to the death of others". Yang Shangbao predicted that this son would have great success in the future. At the age of 17, he was listed on the list of Beijing omens in the year of gengzi in Wanli. He met Lu Shanji in Dingxing and became familiar at first sight. Apart from learning, they "encourage each other with sages". At the age of 22, sun Qifeng went to Beijing to take the exam. On the way, he heard that his father had passed away, and then he abandoned the exam and returned home. A quasi ancient system, wearing mourning clothes, building room beside the tomb, for his father's funeral for three years. But misfortunes never come singly. After three years, sun Qifeng was bereaved by his mother. When sun Qifeng was heartbroken, he was still in mourning for his mother for three years. Sun Qifeng's "six years in Yilu" has been mentioned in the village and is often praised. During the reign of Tianqi in Ming Dynasty, Wei Zhongxian controlled the government. In 1624, Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou, Wei Dazhong, Zhou Shunchang, Huang zunsu and others went to prison. Sun Qifeng, together with Lu Zheng (Lu Shan's stepfather) and Zhang Guozhong, advocated the rescue of Wei Zhongxian and settled his children. He also sent a letter to sun Chengzong, governor of Jiliao, who was in charge of Shanhaiguan, to "invite him in by military means" to deter Wei Zhongxian. For a while, the righteous voice shocked the scholars and was praised as "three martyrs of Fan Yang". At that time, Lu Shanji assisted sun Chengzong in military affairs. Qifeng wrote a letter to sun Chengzong, asking him for help. Sun Chengzong, ready to borrow a pilgrimage to see the emperor face-to-face pleading, failed to plot and Guangdou, etc. have died in Dongchang prison. Wei Zhongxian framed Guangdou and other corrupt people, and strictly traced their families. Lu Zheng, father of Qifeng and Shanji, and Zhang Guozhong, father of Xincheng, collected donations from scholars and people and turned them in on their behalf. Guangdou and others were eventually returned to their bones, and the world praised them for their deeds and praised them as the three martyrs of Fan Yang. Taiyuan and the governor elected him by memorials, but he could not refuse to take office. Sun Chengzong prepared to invite Qifeng to assist the military. Later, fan Jingwen, the Secretary of state, refused to go. At that time, thieves were rampant near the capital. Qifeng led his family to Wufeng mountain in Yizhou. Hundreds of his students, relatives and friends followed each other to protect each other. At this time, teaching and educating people have never stopped. In the second year of Shunzhi, Xue Suo Yun recommended him to take charge of Guozijian, and he refused to take charge of Qifeng because of illness. In the seventh year, he moved southward to Sumen, Huixian County, Henan Province. In the ninth year, Lang Ma Guangyu, the Minister of labor, presented him with xiafeng Tianlu, so he led his children to work here. Those who came to study from all directions also gave him farmland to cultivate. The place where they lived formed a village. He has lived in xiafeng for 25 years, but he has been called up for many times. After the death of Ming Dynasty in 1644, sun Qifeng's family moved south to Huixian County, Henan Province. Xiafeng village is located at the foot of Sumen mountain in Huixian County, close to the famous spring Baiquan, with beautiful scenery and secluded land. Ma Guangyu, the Minister of the Ministry of industry, presented Tian Lu as a gift, and sun Qifeng lived in seclusion in xiafeng from then on. During this period, the Qing government repeatedly issued imperial edicts, and even employed him as the imperial supervisor of the state to offer sacrifices to the emperor. All of them were rejected. At that time, people called him "Zhengjun". Most of sun Qifeng's works were written in his later years when he lived in seclusion in Sumen. His final works include biography of Li Xue Zong, Si Shu Jin Zhi, PI Ding Si Shu Jin Zhi in his later years, Zhong Zhou Ren Kao and Ji Fu Ren Kao, all of which were written when he lived in Xia Feng. The biography of Li Xue Zong is sun Qifeng's best work, which is an academic historical work prior to Huang Zongxi's Ming Confucianism case. There are 26 volumes in the book, including the three changes and their manuscripts. This book comprehensively and systematically reflects the author's views of Neo Confucianism in his later years, especially his attitude towards Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism and Lu Wang Neo Confucianism. in the fourteenth year of Kangxi, he died in 1992. Henan and Hebei scholars offered sacrifices to him in Baiquan Academy. Daoguang eight years, from the worship of Confucian temple. There are many students of Qifeng, among whom Wei Yiao in Xin'an, Gao Zhen in Qingyuan, fan yanggengji and others are the earliest followers. To ask and answer at home, one Ao is the most. Tang bin of Suizhou and Geng Jie of Dengfeng went to receive education as officials after they were supervisors. Tang bin has his own biography.

Main achievements

Academic achievements

In the study of Ming history, he wrote excerpts, chronicles of B and C, records of Jiashen's great difficulties, etc., recording in detail the major historical events such as the opposition to castration, peasant uprising and the struggle against the Qing Dynasty during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the study of local chronicles, he wrote two books, namely, Zhongzhou people's examination and Jifu people's examination. Later generations compiled Xia Feng Ji and sun Xia Feng's complete works. According to Qian Zhongshu's Tan Yi Lu, "when Fang Bao wrote the biography of sun Qifeng, people were not satisfied with it. They thought that sun Qifeng's character had three characteristics: first, his teaching purpose was more prominent, and he advocated practicing himself; second, his chivalrous deeds. In the turbulent times of the late Ming Dynasty, he was able to lead hundreds of families to defend the dangerous and important places and preserve the countryside; third, his door and wall were vast, and he educated a lot of talents." Sun Qifeng's scholarship was originally based on Lu Xiangshan and Wang Yangming, with the purpose of being cautious and independent, the important task of observing and understanding the heavenly principles, and the reality of daily ethics. He is strict in his moral cultivation. No matter who is virtuous or stupid, if you want to learn, you must enlighten him with principles similar to his character, so that he can be independent in his daily activities. If you don't behave to others, even if you are a fierce soldier, you must treat him with sincerity. Therefore, fame is in the world and no one is jealous. He has five volumes of Yi Da Zhi. He studied the book of changes in Li Gu of Xiong county. When he was old, he chose the gist to show his relationship with his disciples. Expounding and explaining the truth is close to personnel. According to the purpose of "Xiang" and "Zhuan", the meaning of 64 hexagrams can be understood by one hexagram. In his life, he was mainly practical. Therefore, what is said is all about Dharma precepts. In addition, he wrote eight volumes of zhuanxinzuanyao, which recorded Zhouzi (i.e. Zhou Dunyi), erchengzi (i.e. Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao), Zhangzi (i.e. Zhang Xuan), Shaozi (i.e. Shaoyong), Zhuzi (i.e. Zhu Xi), Lu Jiuyuan, Xue Xuan, Wang Shouren, Luo Hongxian and Gu Xiancheng as the successors of direct orthodoxy.

Philosophical thought

Sun Qifeng's philosophy can be summarized as follows: first of all, sun Qifeng combines Zhu Xi's "seeking knowledge" with Wang Shouren's "seeking conscience". It is pointed out that the poor reason, knowledge and conscience of Zhu Xi and Wang Shouren are all derived from Confucius, but they have the same goal by different paths, and there is no contradiction between them. Secondly, the author puts forward the theory of "Dun gradually comes from Dun". Thirdly, the combination of "Tao Wen Xue" and "respecting virtue". Finally, he put forward the ideas of "practicing in earnest" and "carrying things through the world". In terms of the relationship between knowledge and practice, he affirmed the reasonable side of Wang Shouren's "unity of knowledge and practice". He believed that those who are engaged in learning should not be empty talkers, but should pay attention to practice and practical application.

Historical records of the Qing Dynasty

Sun Qifeng, the word Qitai, and the word Zhongyuan, Rongcheng people. He is less casual, more inquisitive, and more adept at practicing. He is responsible for the study of the world and wants to make contributions to it. In the 17th year, Shuntian County examination was held in the 28th year of Wanli. Lian Ding's parents were worried about their filial piety for six years. With Dingxing Lu Shanji lecturing, a room silent, with sages phase period. At the apocalypse, Wei Zhongxian, a rebellious eunuch, stole the imperial power, and Zuo Guangdou, Wei Dazhong, and Zhou Shunchang were arrested for the party's misfortune. They are friendly with each other. It is time for Shanji to praise sun Chengzong, a great scholar, for his military work. When you write a letter to Chengzong, you are responsible for the great righteousness. Please help me urgently. Chengzong wanted to appear in front of the audience, but before he got there, Guangdou and others died. He accused the family of sitting in Guangdou. Lu Zheng, father of Qifeng and Shanji, and Zhang Guo, father of Xincheng, collected scholars and people and lost in the Jin Dynasty. Guangdou and other soldiers rely on their bones, which is also known as the three martyrs of Fan Yang. Taiyuan and governor Jiaozhang were not able to recommend. Sun Chengzong wanted to praise the military with his official position. Later, fan jingwenpin, the Minister of state, praised the painting. At that time, there were many thieves and thieves in the capital. On a rare occasion, they brought their families to Wufeng mountain in Yizhou, where hundreds of relatives were protecting each other. In order to deploy and defend, Qifeng keeps singing. In the second year of Shunzhi, Xue's study and practice of Qifeng was comparable to that of Xu Heng and Wu Cheng in Yuan Dynasty. He recommended changchengjun, and Qifeng used illness to describe. In the seventh year, he moved south to Sumen, Huixian county. In the ninth year, Ma Guangyu, the Minister of labor, devoted himself to the cultivation of xiafeng Tianlu, and led his children to work. Scholars from all over the world also taught him how to cultivate the farmland, and he lived together. I've lived in xiafeng for five years, but I can't afford it. the school of Qifeng, originally known as Xiangshan and Yangming, was based on Shendu, on the understanding of heavenly principles, and on daily ethics. He is self-discipline. No one is wise and stupid. If you study hard, you must be close to your nature and make yourself independent. There is no border between them. Although the soldiers defend the soldiers and the wild herdsmen stand up, they must take it in good faith. Use this name in the world and no one is jealous. He wrote five volumes of the book of changes. Qifeng studied the book of changes in Li Gu of Xiongxian county. In his old age, he summarized his body to show his disciples. Inventing the theory is close to human affairs. According to the purpose of "Xiang" and "Zhuan", the meaning of 64 hexagrams can be understood by one hexagram. Its life

Chinese PinYin : Sun Qi Feng