Kong's

Surname Kong

The surname of Kong mainly comes from the surname of Zi, or the surname of a person or ancestor. For example, the descendants of Shang Tang, the founder of the Shang Dynasty, took his surname as their surname; the great Sima Kong Fu Jia of the Song Dynasty was the ancestor of the surname Kong. It's my surname. Or take a person's name or ancestor's name as a surname. For example, in the spring and Autumn period, in the state of Zheng, the surname comes from the Kong surname of Ji, taking the name of Kong Zhang, a descendant of Duke mu of Zheng, as the surname; in the state of Wei, the surname comes from the Kong surname of Guji, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, taking the surname of his ancestors as the surname; in the state of Chen, the surname comes from the Kong surname of GUI, taking the surname of Kong Ning, a descendant of Shun. It is the 98th largest surname in China, with a large population of about 3.323 million, accounting for about 0.29% of the Han population and about 0.21% of the total population.

Origin of ancestor

It comes from Zi's surname

(1) it comes from the descendants of Cheng Tang, the emperor of the Shang Dynasty. One of his descendants takes the surname of "Zi" of the Shang people and combines it with "B" in Cheng Tang's name to take the surname Kong.

(2) after Sima kongfujia of the Song Dynasty, Wei Ziqi, a descendant of Cheng Tang, was granted the title of Song Dynasty in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. After Wei Ziqi died, his younger brother song Weizhong succeeded to the throne. Kong Fu Jia, the ninth grandson of Wei Zhong, was a great Sima of the state of song. He was persecuted. His descendants fled to the state of Lu and took "Kong" as their surname, which is also their son's surname. The sixth grandson of Kong Fu Jia was Confucius.

It comes from the surname Ji

(1) it comes from Ji kongdao, a senior official of the state of Wei in the spring and Autumn period, and takes the ancestor's name as the surname. In the spring and Autumn period, there was Ji kongfu among the officials of the state of Wei. Therefore, among the descendants of Ji kongfu, there were those who took their forefathers' names as their surnames.

(2) it comes from Ji LAN, the Duke of Zheng mu in the spring and Autumn period, and takes the ancestor's name as the surname. In the spring and Autumn period, Ji LAN, the monarch of the state of Zheng (now Xinzheng in Henan), had a descendant named Ji kongzhang. Among his descendants, some took their ancestors' name as their surname, which has been handed down from generation to generation, and is known as the Kong family of the state of Zheng in history.

It comes from the surname GUI

It comes from Kong Ning, a senior official of the state of Chen in the spring and Autumn period, and takes his ancestor's name as his surname. According to historical records such as the differentiation of ancient and modern surnames, there was a doctor named GUI kongning in the state of Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) in the spring and Autumn period. Among the descendants of GUI kongning, some take their ancestors' names as surnames, which are called Kong's, and they are Chen county's Kong's.

It originated from the change of surname in other ethnic groups

(1) it comes from the Manchu nationality and belongs to the Han nationality. Konggolo family of Manchu, also known as konggolo family, is called konggolo Hala in Manchu, which means "Huangma" in Han Dynasty. It lived in Heilongjiang River Basin. After many crown Han surname for Kong, Guang and so on.

Konglia family of Manchu, kongnila Hala in Manchu, lived in Heilongjiang. After many crown Han surname for Kong.

The koudi clan, also known as the kuodai clan, means "the pocket of the Han people" in the Han language. It has lived in hada (now Xiaoqing River Basin in Xifeng, Liaoning Province). After many crown Han surname for Kong.

Kuyala family of Manchu, also known as kuiyala, originates from kuyala Nuzhen. It takes Bu as its surname and Manchu as kuyala Hala. It has lived in Donghai (today's Wangqing in Jilin), Suifen (today's upper reaches of Suifen River), Wula (today's Yongji in Jilin), hurha (today's Russia on the other side of Heihe River in Heilongjiang), Heilongjiang Basin, bilten (today's Jingpo Lake in Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang) and zasihuli (today's second Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang) Xingkan (now Heilongjiang Province and the surrounding area of Xingkai Lake in Russia), etc. Later, the Han surnames were Kong, Hu, Li and Li.

Wendu clan, also known as Wendu clan, originated from Wendu tribe in Jin Dynasty. It belongs to the same tribe as wendun clan and wentun clan. It is Wendu Hala in Manchu. It lived in Nain (now the upper reaches of Songhua River in Fusong, Jilin Province), Suifen (now the upper reaches of Suifen River), varka (now the south is from Changbai Mountain and the north of Tumen River, the north is from the south of wuzhala in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang Province, and the east coast is from the coast of Russia) The southern part of Haiti, including hexihe, Ermo, Sulu, funahtokso, and Wusuli River, is one of the oldest surnames of Manchu. Later, the Han surnames were Kong, Wen, Du, Wen and Wen.

Wentun family of Manchu originated from wendun tribe of Nuzhen at the end of Tang Dynasty. It belongs to the same tribe as Wendu and wendun families. Wentun Hala is spoken in Manchu and lives in Wula (now Yongji, Jilin). It is one of the oldest surnames of Manchu. Later, the Han surnames were Kong and Kong.

(2) it comes from other ethnic minorities and belongs to the Han nationality. In the Tujia, Miao, Hui and other ethnic minorities, there are Kongs, most of which originated from the policy of Jimi implemented by the central government in the Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and the movement of returning the land to Liu.

Migration communication

In the pre Qin period, the Kongs mainly lived in Shandong and Henan. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname Kong soon spread to Hebei, Shanxi, Hunan, Guangdong and other places. During the Three Kingdoms and two Jin Dynasties, he moved to the southeast of Zhejiang and Jiangxi. It spread all over the country in the Tang and Song dynasties. In the early Qing Dynasty, it entered Taiwan. Confucius passed on alone for seven generations, and his forty-eight grandson, Confucius Duanyou, moved to the south in 1128.

During the Song Dynasty, there were about 210000 people surnamed Kong, accounting for about 0.28% of the national population, ranking 70th. The first province with the surname of Kong was Shandong, accounting for 66.5% of the total population at that time

In the early Ming Dynasty, the descendants of the Kong family who migrated from dahuashu, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province were distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and other places.

population distribution

More than 2500 years have passed since Confucius, and the Confucius clan has passed on for more than 80 generations. In the later generations after Confucius, there were many cases of single biography, and the population growth was slow. In the late Tang Dynasty, during the period of the forty second generation of Kong Guangsi, the descendants of Confucius in Qufu were less than ten families, and the number of emigration was very small. During the period of the late Liang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, there was a calamity of "Confucianist at the end of Confucius". After the Song Dynasty, under the great care of the Zhao and Song Dynasties, Kong's ethnic reproduction increased greatly. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, only the descendants of the 43 generations of Kong Renyu had reached tens of thousands in Qufu. At the same time, with the development of social, political and economic activities, the emigration population had also been greatly expanded.

During the Song Dynasty, there were about 210000 people surnamed Kong, accounting for about 0.28% of the total population, ranking 70th. The first province of the Kong family name is Shandong.

From the Yuan Dynasty, the Kong people began to migrate overseas. At that time, the supreme ruler of the Yuan Dynasty adopted the policy of marriage in order to control Korea. In the ninth year of Zhizheng (1349), Princess Chengyi married Wang Zhuan, the son of King Su of gaolizhong. Kong Zhao, the grandson of Confucius, was one of her attendants. After arriving in Koryo, Kong Zhao was highly valued by the king of Koryo, and his official servant Tongping Zhangshi (equivalent to the position of prime minister) was successively granted the titles of Huiyuan Jun and Changyuan Jun. after his death, he was buried in Changyuan. Kong Zhao's descendants have been officials for many generations in Korea. His son Kong Qianguan went to Tongping Zhangshi, the great scholar of Jixian hall. His eldest grandson Kong Fuguan went to duanyin, and his second grandson Kong Deguan went to Tongping Zhangshi, the servant of his family. They are the same as Kong Zhao. Up to now, they are two of the three generations of the Kong family and have become the prime ministers of Korea. After generations of reproduction, celebrities came out in large numbers, and became a prominent family in South Korea. Since their ancestor Kong Zhao was buried in Changyuan, they took Changyuan as their native place.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, he moved to Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou and Yunnan. Since the Qing Dynasty, the descendants of the Kong family have spread all over the country and abroad, making the Kong family a famous clan among many families in China. Today, the Kong family is widely distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu and Jilin. The above-mentioned three provinces account for 73% of the population of the Han nationality in China, while Shandong, the holy land of the Kong family, occupies 60%.

The emperor of Korea worshipped Confucianism and gave preferential treatment to the descendants of Kong. In 1792, the king of Koryo ordered the Kongs of Koryo to take Qufu as their native place to show that they did not forget their ancestors, and granted them the title of nobility following the example of Yan Shenggong in China.

So far, the Kong family in Korea has been extended to 86 generations. Their names are different from China's domestic rules, and there is another set of words used by professional people. In South Korea, there is also a special organization of Ru people of the same ancestry, called the "Korean grand meeting of the Kongs in Qufu", to show that they do not forget Qufu, which originated in China. In the 1980s, they organized a special group to visit Qufu to worship their ancestors and set up a monument outside the yangshengmen (North Gate of Qufu City). According to the census in 1987, there are 17207 families with 72382 people in Korea. In Southeast Asian countries, there were also Kong people who migrated in the late Qing Dynasty. As for the immigration of Japan, Europe and America, it began during the period of the Republic of China.

By the end of the 20th century, the descendants of Confucius had spread all over the world. Among them, South Korea, North Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Myanmar, the United States and other countries and regions had a large number. Britain, Switzerland, Canada, Australia and other countries also had a certain number of Kong people.

traditional culture

County Hall

The governor

Lu County, Jingzhao County, Henan County, Kuaiji County, etc.

Hall number

Kaili hall and Zhisheng hall are both named after Confucius. Confucius was born in Kaili, which is the most holy of Dacheng in history.

Ancestral couplet

Four character universal couplet

Dongshan Zhenduo; Beihai qingzun.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of Confucius

The shangliandian refers to Confucius, and Mencius: when Confucius ascended Dongshan, he felt that the state of Lu had become smaller "The Analects of Confucius · Bayi:" God will take Confucius as Mu Duo (the teacher of the people) "Mu Duo" is called Mu Tongling. "Zhenduo" refers to the people who ring the bell to come to the police province and is extended to be engaged in educational work.

The second couplet refers to the Han astronomer Kong Rong, whose name is Wenju. He was born in Lu County of Lu state. He was once the Prime Minister of Beihai and was called Kong Beihai. He also served as a Shaofu and a doctor of Dazhong. He is a man of talent, and likes guests. He once said, "the seats are always full, and the wine in the bottle is not empty. I don't have any worries.

Chinese PinYin : Kong Shi