kung-chao-chien

kung-chao-chien

Kong Zhaoqian (1775-1835), whose character is Jing, is the son of Kong Guangsen. In 1801 (the sixth year of Jiaqing), he was a Jinshi, who was the editor of the Imperial Academy and changed into a good scholar. He has successively served as Taiwan's Dao, Shaanxi's procurator, and the general secretary. He is modest and prudent, and has made remarkable achievements. He has served as an examiner for many times, and most of his scholars have become famous. He once wrote Ancient Rhymes and CI rhymes. He wanted to divide them into rhyme books to show his later learning. Unfortunately, he didn't finish the manuscript. His works include Jinghong Yinshi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Ji, Jingjin manuscript, Huisheng qinya Ci, Xiaocao Ci, and Zaju Chuihua.

Kong Zhaoqian's life and literary achievements

Birth and death

Kong Zhaoqian (1775-1835) was born in the 40th year of Qianlong (1775) and died in the 15th year of Daoguang (1835) in the Qing Dynasty. He is the son of Kong Guangsen and the 71 generation grandson of Confucius. He is from Qufu, Shandong Province. Jiaqing six years (1801), Ju Jinshi, Ren Hanlin academy editor, change Shu Jishi. On March 24, the fourth year of Daoguang reign, Fujian Branch of Yanjian shaodao dispatching office patrolled Taiwan's Bing Bei Dao and was appointed as an inspector. On January 22, the seventh year, he was transferred to Jiangxi's DU Liang Dao and moved to Fujian's Bu Zheng Shi. He successively served as Taiwan's Dao, Shaanxi's envoy, and Guizhou's envoy.

Historical records

According to the 166 biographies in the history of Qing Dynasty, Kong Zhaoqian made great achievements when he was a Taoist in Taiwan. "Taiwan has been in a lot of chaos since it came here. It's very troublesome to use big soldiers. It's very careful to think about it. It's very important to choose the best people to govern.". Yang Liangbin, a villain in Fengshan, incited the public to fight. He called on Kong Zhaoqian, the governor of Fengshan, and Kong Chuanji, the magistrate, to suppress and govern. It was not a month before the decision was made. He did not bother to cross the sea with one soldier. " In the seventh year of Daoguang reign, Taiwan's daokong Zhaoqian detailed Zhun Guange, while Penghu was still another name. Every year, he took two places in the quota and transferred them to the government school, not in the amount of Taiyi. In Daoguang's nine-year-old examination, Liu Chonglin, who visited Daoguang, also named Fu Xue. In the local examination, the Chinese style still belonged to the number of students in Taijun county (compiled by Chen Zhenjia).

Official position

Hsinchu City in Taiwan is the site of Tanshui hall in the past. In the 11th year of Yongzheng (1733), Tongzhi Xu Zhimin, the site of buzhukan society, planted bamboos around the city, and built four gates, East, West, north, South, and gatehouse. In the 11th year of Jiaqing, Cai Tan's rebellion first attacked Huwei (today's Danshui) on the North Road, and then attacked coastal areas. People in Danshui hall built earth fences for defense. In eighteen years, Cha Tinghua, who was also a scholar, raised and widened the earth enclosure. In the sixth year of Daoguang reign, Zheng Yongxi was ordered by sun erzhun, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, who visited Taiwan. He and Li Shenyi, the Tongzhi, applied for permission to rebuild the hall City, and changed the bamboo moat City, which was originally surrounded by earth walls, into a stone masonry tower. Daokong Zhaoqian of Taiwan personally surveyed the foundation of the city. He thought that the original building was too narrow and the soil enclosure was too wide. So he demolished the inside and outside, changed the scale, and built a stone city building. There were four gates, namely "Yingxi" in the East, "Yishuang" in the west, "gexun" in the south, and "Gongchen" in the north. The required funds were 47498 Liang donated by the government and the people. The project was started in June of the seventh year of Daoguang Completed in August of 1999, Zheng Yongxi made great achievements in supervising the work. He was named Xu Tongzhi and his successor changed his rank in Beijing.

To be a man

Zhao Qian was a modest and prudent man. He was a clean and honest official with outstanding achievements. He has been an official for many times, and many scholars are well-known. He inherited family learning, abided by family precepts, studied rigorously, chanted works, and was good at clerical writing. On the book of songs, he said, "listen to Kuang Ding's theory of Wuji poetry, and study Cai Yong's stele in Bafen poetry." In his "Five Dragon pools and eight chants", he said, "the spring is covered with dust, and the floor is swept with a Zen couch. The sound of running water in the dream is answered by the clear chime The Yuefu made by him can be regarded as an orchestra. His works include Jinghong Yinshi collection, Jingjin manuscript, Huisheng qinya Ci, and Xiaocao CI. He had a lot of research on ancient phonology, and wrote "ancient rhyme" and "Ci rhyme", etc., but he died without a final draft (a biography of Mr. Kong Zhaoqian, the first volume of slut Qiusi). The most famous book in his collection is the ten volumes of jinshilu in Song Dynasty, which became a famous book of a generation after being handed over and collected by many great collectors. Later, the book came to Ruan Yuan, whose stepmother Kong Jinglou was the 73rd generation of Confucius' eldest granddaughter. Ruan Yuan was able to get such a famous book, which may have something to do with it. His works include poetry, drama and so on. Today, there are only two kinds of drama, i.e. Slut's Autumn Thoughts and burying flowers.

features

Kong Shangren, Kong chuanxuan, Kong Guanglin and Kong Zhaoqian, the sage opera writers of Qufu in the Qing Dynasty, share the same characteristics in opera creation: first, they are good at using the form of popular literature to express the elegant content. Their creative attitude is extremely serious and rigorous, which endows drama with orthodox cultural connotation. Some of his works reproduce and reflect the history, which is close to the official history, such as peach blossom fan, xiaohulei, nvzhuanzhu, cockfight confession, etc.; others pay more attention to the expression of the inner feelings of the characters, which is close to poetry, such as "Three Soft" legend, Slut autumn thinking, burying flowers, etc. However, both official history and poetry belong to the category of "elegant" culture. Second, it has distinct characteristics of Lu culture. Lu was one of the vassal states enfeoffed by the emperor of Zhou. Lu culture gave birth to Confucius, Mencius and other cultural giants. Qufu, the birthplace of Confucianism, has always maintained the Lu culture's value orientation and moral norms of "stressing honesty, valuing propriety and righteousness", "cultivating one's moral character, regulating one's family, governing the country, and balancing the world". Third, it has rich cultural heritage. Because of their unique identity, family origin and cultural tradition, they have read the classics since childhood, and some of them are even Confucian scholars, scholars and writers, so that their opera creation exudes the fragrance of traditional culture. In terms of language, their common feature is elegant diction, and most of them are proficient in rhyme and melody.

Drama "the slut thinks of autumn"

There are four parts in the play. "Slut" is not usually understood as "dissolute woman", but refers to the woman of dissolute son, this is the wife of husband. Xiao Yi, the emperor of Liang Yuan in the Southern Dynasty, wrote "Ode to sluts in autumn", which said: "ten years after the separation of concubines, we advocate self pity for women's residence." spring is still here, and Hakka children will never return. " His thoughtfulness for his wife is very delicate and appropriate. In his ode to dangzi joining the army, Luo Binwang of the Tang Dynasty said, "dangzi has been traveling for ten years, looking back on the love of Guanshan and Wanli, and it is more difficult for dangzi to stay in the empty boudoir when she has been away for a long time." They all mean this.

content validity

In the play, it is written that Tubo invaded the northwest frontier fortress, and general Zhenwu indulged in wine and sex, and was unable to resist the enemy. The imperial court decreed that among the twelve guards, excellent generals should be selected to guard the border areas. In Zhechong mansion, Zuo Yiwei has a young sergeant. He is a newlyweds' wife. He joined the army. He is trying to kill the enemy and protect the country, and build up a career. Before leaving, the newlywed wife packed her bags, set up a farewell party and said goodbye. When the sergeant came to the border, he saw that general Zhenwu was a drunkard. He didn't want to fight against the enemy. He drank and danced with Qiang women all day long. He was very disappointed to see the coach like this. Even if he had a talent, how could he use it? He was depressed and melancholy. On a cold night outside the Great Wall, the sky is full of stars, and the wilderness is boundless and full of bones. Late autumn season, a bright moon, just like flying from the Great Wall, home wife, yearning. Two Acacia, unable to sleep at night, face has changed. Suddenly heard her husband's letter, a few words, frontier desolate, heartbroken. See beacon fire all around again, banners flutter, oneself seem to be outside the Great Wall. Another group of people gathered around the Tibetan Khan hunting, but a closer look at the courtyard, only to see her husband has come back in military uniform, two people rely on each other, tell the sorrow of parting, don't hate. Her husband told her that because of her meritorious service in fighting against Tubo, she was still in charge of the imperial court. The imperial court granted her the title of "general Chengde" and "military envoy" and wanted to take her to the post together. At this time, there was a drumbeat from afar. The husband said that he was coming to pick him up. He was going to leave. His wife hastened to pull him, but did not pull, she suddenly woke up, but it turned out to be a big dream. Later, she was still lonely, accompanied by a solitary lamp in the humble room and a few stars in the night sky. this play was written in 1794, the 59th year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and is now copied in the reign of Emperor Daoguang.

appendix

Attached to the ode to the concubine in autumn written by Xiao Yi, the emperor of Liang Yuan in the Southern Dynasty: "ten years after the separation of concubines, I advocated self pity for women's residence. When I look up the building, I can only see the smoke in the distant tree. The plain is like this, don't you know the way? The sky and the water, the mountains and the clouds. Mountain is cangcang into the Han Dynasty, water is trickling unexpected, who can see birds flying again? Sad only wing, autumn and not clear? What is the moon and autumn? Kuang Nai is a slut who advocates building. She is very sad about this. At that time, the dew withered, and the frost sealed the steps. Sit with long, turn to see waist thin. Heavy with autumn water Wenbo, autumn clouds like Luo. When the sun is dark, it will be dusk. When the wind is coquettish, it will cross the river. I hate the brocade of Huiwen, and the king thinks of the song of leaving the fortress. Acacia, how far away! The temples are drifting and gradually disordered, and the heart turns to sigh with sorrow. Sorrow lingers on the green eyebrows, crows and red powder. That's it! The autumn wind is blowing, the autumn leaves are flying, the spring flowers are falling, and the spring sun is shining. The spring day is still here, and the Hakkas will never return. "

Zaju "burying flowers"

The drama adapted from the novel a dream of Red Mansions is called "the drama of Red Mansions", which happened two centuries ago and has a history of more than 150 years. The first "Red Chamber drama" was adapted by Kong Zhaoqian for burying flowers. It was written in 1792, the second year of the publication of the novel. A dream of Red Mansions was first put on the stage of traditional Chinese opera. It was a Kunqu Opera funeral flower written by Kong Zhaoqian in the first year of Jiaqing (1796). It can be said that the development of Red Chamber Opera and the spread of novels are almost synchronous. Since then, a variety of opera adaptations have continued. "burying flowers" has only one fold, but no description. His ability can be seen in the plot of "Dai Yu buries flowers" in Cao Xueqin's novel a dream of Red Mansions. In the play, Daiyu's parents died early and had nothing to rely on. She went to her grandmother and lived in the Grand View Garden. In her spare time, she felt lonely and regretted her life. In late spring, when she saw the lush green leaves and countless red leaves, she felt lonely and melancholy. She came to the garden alone

Chinese PinYin : Kong Zhao Qian