Jiang Kui
Jiang Kui
Jiang Kui (1154-1221) was born in Poyang, Raozhou (now Poyang County, Jiangxi Province) of Han nationality. He was a writer and musician in the Southern Song Dynasty.
As a young man, he was lonely and poor. He tried many times. He was not an official all his life. He moved to the rivers and lakes all his life. He made a living by selling words and helping his friends. He is versatile, proficient in temperament, able to make music by himself, and his ci rhyme is strict. His works are famous for their emptiness and implicitness. Jiang Kui is good at poetry, prose, calligraphy and music. He is another rare artistic talent after Su Shi. Jiang Kui's Ci has a wide range of themes, such as feeling the time, expressing feelings, chanting things, love, scenery, traveling, festival preface, making friends and giving gifts. In his poems, he expressed his thoughts that although he was wandering in the rivers and lakes, he did not forget the feeling of the monarchy and hurt the world. He described his wandering life, expressed his depression of not being able to use the world and being frustrated in love, and his personality of being out of the ordinary and out of the crowd, like a lone cloud and wild crane. Jiang Kui lived in the West Lake of Hangzhou in his late life and died in ximacheng.
There are "Baishi Taoist poetry", "Baishi Taoist songs", "xushupu", "jiangtieping" and other books handed down.
Life of the characters
Early experience
In 1154 (the 24th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty), Jiang Kui was born in a broken official family in Poyang, Raozhou (today's Poyang, Jiangxi). His father, Jiang og, was a Jinshi in the 18th year of Shaoxing. He successively served as the county magistrate of Xinyu (today's Xinyu, Jiangxi) and the county magistrate of Hanyang (today's Wuhan, Hubei), where he died of illness.
When Jiang Kui was very young, he followed his father to his place of office. After his father died, 14-year-old Jiang Kui spent his youth in Shanyang village of Hanchuan County, relying on his sister, until he came of age. Because he was born in Poyang, Raozhou, Jiang Kui went back to his hometown four times to take the imperial examination from 1174 to 1183, and all of them failed.
Jiang Kui, who had a bad official career, lived in Yangzhou, Jianghuai and Hunan. In about 1185 (the 12th year of Chunxi's reign), they met the poet Xiao Decao. Because they had the same taste, they became intimate friends.
Xiao Dezao is a Minqing native of Fujian province. She was a Jinshi in Shaoxing for eleven years. She served as Longchuan county magistrate and Hubei governor, and later transferred to Huzhou urcheng county magistrate. She was good at writing poetry, and was equal to Fan Chengda, Wanli Yang, Lu You and Yu Chang. Because he appreciated Jiang Kui's talent, he betrothed his niece to Jiang Kui.
In the winter of 1186 A.D. (the 13th year of Chunxi), Xiao Decao transferred to Huzhou, and Jiang Kui also decided to go with the Xiao family. In the late spring of the next year, Xiao dezao formally took office in Huzhou. He passed through Hangzhou and introduced Jiang Kui to the famous poet Yang Wanli. Yang Wanli did not appreciate Jiang Kui's poems, praising him for "doing everything for literature", just like Lu guimeng, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, and he became a close friend. After that, Yang Wanli wrote a special letter recommending him to another famous poet, Fan Chengda. Fan Chengda once served as an official counsellor (Deputy Prime Minister). At that time, he had returned to his hometown Suzhou to recuperate. He read Jiang Kui's poems and liked them very much. He thought that Jiang Kui was elegant and refined, and his calligraphy character was very similar to that of the Wei and Jin dynasties.
Living in Huzhou
Jiang Kui was praised by Yang and fan, who lived in Huzhou for more than ten years. In 1190 ad (the first year of the reign of Shaoxi), he formally lived in Baishi cave in Tiaoxi, Bianshan. His friend pan Dejiu called him "Baishi Taoist".
Jiang Kui was a natural and uninhibited man. He thought of himself as Lu guimeng. At that time, famous scholars and bureaucrats all vied to make friends with him. Even Zhu Xi, a university scholar, had a green eye on him. He not only liked his articles, but also admired his deep understanding of rites and music. Xin Qiji, a famous poet, was also deeply impressed by his Ci, and once wrote CI with him to sing for each other.
Travel around
During his stay in Huzhou, Jiang Kui still traveled around from time to time, traveling to Suzhou, Hangzhou, Hefei, Jinling, Nanchang and other places. These experiences are mostly reflected in his Anthology of Ci and poetry.
In 1190 ad (the first year of the reign of Shaoxi), he visited Hefei and lived in Chilan bridge. He was next to fan Zhongna. In Hefei, he had two geisha sisters who were close to each other. They had a deep love for each other. Later, he wrote many poems to commemorate this good time.
In 1191 (the second year of the reign of Shaoxi), Jiang Kui started from Hefei to pan Chaohu, and wrote the poem "Manjianghong". With his romantic writing and imagination, he eulogized Chaohu fairy grandmother, and cherished the past and the present. In the summer of this year, he went to Jinling to meet Yang Wanli again. During that time, he wrote the poem "drunken chanting business sketch" to miss Hefei lovers. In autumn, he went to Hefei again to write the poem "desolate criminal". Through the description of the desolate scenery of Hefei City, he expressed his thoughts of worrying about the country. The relationship between Jiang Kui and his Hefei sisters is a very important emotional experience in his life. Since he met the two sisters in his twenties, he had lived in Hefei many times. It was only in the autumn of the second year of Shaoxi that the two sisters left Hefei. In his autumn night chant, he said helplessly: "where is Wei Niang and Song Yu's return, the two places linger. It's early to shake off the maple trees on the river. There's no tender contract, and there's no dream. " They are very sad and attached to their departure. In the winter of the same year, Jiang Kui came to Suzhou again to meet Fan Chengda, who wrote a poem "visiting Stone Lake in the snow". Jiang Kui visited the plum blossom in the snow of fan's home. Fan Chengda asked him for a poem to sing plum blossom. Jiang Kui filled in two words "faint fragrance" and "sparse shadow". Fan Chengda let the prostitutes learn to sing, and the syllables were harmonic and euphemistic. He was so happy that he presented Xiaohong, the prostitute, to Jiang Kui. On New Year's Eve, Jiang Kui went back to his home in Tiaoxi by boat from Shihu in the heavy snow. On the way, he wrote seventy poems. When he passed the Chuihong bridge in Wujiang, Suzhou, he wrote the famous sentence "Xiaohong sings my flute in low voice".
In 1193 (the fourth year of the reign of Shaoxi), Jiang Kui was about 39 years old. He met Zhang Jian, the son of the aristocratic family, in Hangzhou. Zhang Jian is the grandson of Zhang Jun, a great general in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is rich and well-off. He has farmland and houses in Hangzhou and Wuxi. He also appreciated Jiang Kui's talent, because Jiang Kui repeatedly tried not to sell, once wanted to invest to buy an official for Jiang Kui, but Jiang Kui did not want to use this shameful way to enter the official career, declined politely. Since then, Jiang Kui often went to Zhang Jian's home and wrote poems and lyrics for each other.
Move to Hangzhou
In 1196 A.D. (the second year of Qingyuan), Xiao Decao was welcomed back to Chiyang by his nephew Xiao Shi's father. Jiang Kui lost his support in Huzhou, so he simply moved to Hangzhou, attached to Zhang Jian and his elder brother Zhang Kai. Later, he did not move any more and lived in Hangzhou until he died. Zhang Jian was Jiang Kui's best confidant in his later years. They had a deep friendship. Jiang Kui himself said: "ten years together, it's very hard to get along."
In 1202 A.D. (the second year of Jiatai), after Zhang Jian died, Jiang Kui was very sad and wrote poems to express his deep feelings.
It was 60 or 70 years since Hangzhou was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the original music classics were scattered.
In 1197 (the third year of Qingyuan Dynasty), Jiang Kui, 43, presented "Da Le Yi" and "Qin se archaeological map" to the imperial court, hoping to be promoted, but the imperial court did not pay attention to them. Two years later, Jiang Kui presented the twelve chapters of song naoge to the imperial court again. This time, the imperial court issued an imperial edict to allow him to take the Jinshi examination in the Ministry of rites, but he still failed. From then on, he completely lost his official career and died in cloth clothes.
In 1202 (the second year of Jiatai), after the death of Zhang Jian, Jiang Kui's life began to be difficult year by year.
In March 1204 (the fourth year of Jiatai), a fire broke out in Hangzhou, and government agencies such as Shangshu Province, Zhongshu province and privy council were extended. More than 2070 houses were also affected. Jiang Kui's house was also listed, and his family property and books were almost burnt out. This was undoubtedly another blow to Jiang Kui. As his relatives and friends died one after another, Jiang Kui could not make a living Later, he had to travel between Jinling and Yangzhou for food and clothing.
The final result
In 1221 (the 14th year of Jiading), Jiang Kui died. After his death, he was forced to be buried in ximacheng, outside Qiantang gate, Hangzhou, with donations from his friend Wu Qian and others. This is where he lived for more than ten years in his later years.
Main achievements
Poetry creation
Jiang Kui's Ci is unique in artistic thinking and expression. He is good at using synaesthesia thinking and artistic synaesthesia to connect different physiological feelings and express certain psychological feelings; he is also good at lateral thinking and writing situations, not directly depicting them in the front, but writing them in the side to convey them in the empty place. There is no expansion in the theme of his Ci, which still follows Zhou Bangyan's way to write love and chant things. His contribution mainly lies in the transformation of the performance art of traditional graceful words and the establishment of new aesthetic standards.
Jiang Kui's Ci is pure, imaginative and natural. Have a high artistic achievement. His artistic features can be summed up by Zhang Yan's sentence "Qing Kong". This kind of emptiness is not only different from the traditional graceful school's soft beauty, but also different from the bold and unconstrained school's rough clamour, and also different from Su Shi's emptiness characterized by broad mindedness. In other words, Jiang Kui is more good at using the poet's writing style, and more "Sao" approach. He does not make more qualitative description of the objective object, but is very good at capturing and expressing the spirit of the mood. In addition, he was good at absorbing the style of Jiangxi poetry, paying attention to the characteristics of tempering and being thin, hard and steep, so he had a strong and clean air in the emptiness.
Jiang Kui's Ci has the characteristics of "emptiness" and "elegance". Jiang Kui was born of Su Shi and saoya was born of Xin Qiji. Su and Xin are not intended to be Ci, their emptiness and elegance are realized through the way of poetry. Jiang Kui is the same as Su and Xin in quoting poems to help Ci, but he intended to be CI. He brought the rhythm, creative style and aesthetic ideal of CI into a certain law, and integrated emptiness, Sao and elegance into a new style of CI. The theory and creation of Jianghu School of Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty is to explain and popularize this elegant style of CI. He based on
Chinese PinYin : Jiang Kui
Jiang Kui
