Yao Sui
Yao Sui
Yao Sui (1238-1313), named Duanfu and mu'an, was born in Luoyang, Henan Province. Yuan Dynasty writer. Guan Han and Lin Chengzhi, Jixian bachelor. Nengwen is also known as Yu Ji. There are many inscriptions, most of which are eulogizing and entertaining. The original collection has been lost, and the Qing Dynasty compiled mu'an collection.
Life of the characters
Yao Sui (1238-1313), named Duanfu and mu'an, was born in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) and his ancestral home is Liucheng, Yingzhou (now Chaoyang, Liaoning Province). His ancestors had been high officials in Liao and Jin Dynasties. His uncle Yao Shu was an official in Mongolia after the death of Jin Dynasty, and later joined Kublai Khan's shogunate. He was a famous Confucian official of Han nationality in the early Yuan Dynasty. Yao Sui's father Yao Ge died when he was three years old. His uncle Yao Shu adopted him. He was very concerned about him when he was young and strict with him. In the inscription written for Yao Shu, Yao Sui once said: "Sui was three years old and lonely, and the male had wings. He didn't know that he was dark, but he was anxious to teach the governor." This has aroused the concern of Yang Huan, the head of Henan taxation office and the visiting envoy of Lian. Before Yang Huan's death, Xu Jiao and Yao Sui were the next women. During this period, under the guidance of Yao Shu, he mainly studied primary school and four books.
At the age of 13, Yao Sui met Xu Heng, a famous Confucianist and Neo Confucianist of the Yuan Dynasty, who came to visit Yao Shu in Sumen mountain. At the age of 18, he formally worshipped Xu Heng as a teacher in Chang'an and studied Neo Confucianism. History praised Heng as a good teacher. "His words were warm, although he talked with the boy like he was afraid of hurting him." he also taught students in accordance with their aptitude and guided them according to the circumstances. Yao Sui learned a lot of knowledge from Xu Heng, and he worked hard and made rapid progress. It can be said that under the influence of Xu Heng, Yao Sui mainly appeared as a neo Confucianist in his early stage, which had a more obvious influence on his later growth as a writer. The Neo Confucianism in Yao Sui's literary thought has a great relationship with Xu Heng, which also affects his creation.
At the age of 24, Yao Sui "began to read it in Korean", which was deeply attracted by his ancient and tough style, which made him even more dissatisfied with the literary style of inheriting the Jin style and worshiping the Su style in the Song Dynasty. He was determined to find a way to change the literary style through his own practice.
In 1271, Xu Heng resigned as Zuo Cheng of Zhongshu because of his disagreement with ahema, a powerful minister, and became a scholar of Jixian University and a scholar of Guozi. He called twelve disciples to accompany him, and divided them into Zhai and Zhai leaders. Yao Sui was one of them, so he applied to Dadu. In the 12th year, Yao Sui was appointed as a literary official of the palace of the Qin Dynasty. In the following five years, he went with the yuan army to collect the people, set up schools, and worked hard to heal the wounds left by the yuan song war. These five years left a deep impression on him: "in five years, three people went to Shu, and nine returned to Qin due to ten diseases." The poem reveals infinite nostalgia. In the 17th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, Yao Sui, in addition to the punishment in Hanzhong Road, Shaanxi Province, was appointed as the Deputy envoy of the procurator. For those who were not guilty of wrongdoing and those who were detained in prison, he "released them freely" and "accepted the verdict". In the later three years, he was transferred to be the Deputy envoy of Chacha in shannanhu North Road, and in the next year, he was appointed as the Minister of Lizhou to provide relief to the people, promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages. His official career made him see the corruption and darkness of the bureaucrats at that time, and also made him realize the great destruction caused by the war. He deeply understood the suffering of the people at that time.
In the summer of 1286, he was recruited by the imperial court. Since then, he has served intermittently as grand minister nongcheng, Hanlin bachelor, Jiang Donglian visiting envoy and Jiangxi provincial governor, all of which are famous for their due diligence. In the winter of the 11th year of Dade (1307), Yao Sui ushered in the biggest and last turning point in his life: the story of Yuan court's imitating Han Dynasty's conquering Sihao started Yao Sui's undertaking for Ronglu doctor, Jixian bachelor and Hanlin bachelor. He knew the patent and majored in national history, majoring in Chengzong Shilu and Wuzong Shilu. Long in the literary world, but also to this high position, so that the literati at that time to his history for the article more respected, regarded as the literary leader. Yao's museum is full of celebrities (such as Yan Fu, Hu Zhiyun, Shangye, Wu Cheng, Yuan Jue, Deng Wenyuan, Yuan Mingshan, etc.), and many people who follow him to learn ancient Chinese Prose (such as Zhang yanghao, Guan Yunshi, Bo Shulu, Li Hui, Xie Duan, Li zhishao, Liu Ziqian, etc.). It can be said that Yao's palace is like a city with a bed full of wat. In 1311, Wuzong's and Chengzong's records were finally completed. Not long after that, Yao Sui had to go back to the south. On September 16, 1313, the second year of emperor Qing's reign, he died at home at the age of 76.
Anecdotes and allusions
Shen Wangli
Gao Lizhong, who was granted the title of king of Shenyang in the Yuan Dynasty, married Wang Zhang and his son to the emperor's office and made friends with his courtiers with wealth. Many ministers were moved by him. During the Zhida period, Yao Sui became an academician of the Imperial Academy. He was famous in the capital. At that time, most of the literati and officials wanted to be literate. "Those who couldn't do it were shameful." Shenyang Wang and his son, who were attached to mediocrity and elegance, also asked Yao Sui for poetry and presented treasures. Yao Sui despised the greed and ambition of the court officials at that time, and also despised Shenyang Wang and his son's behavior of only buying bribes, so he didn't agree. This eventually led to the imperial court's edict, which he reluctantly dealt with. Shenyang Wang and his son were very happy after receiving the article. They immediately presented coins, silk, gold and jade, and famous paintings, as many as 50 baskets. Yao Suiping was very fond of collecting antiques and famous paintings, but this time he immediately assigned them to his subordinates, Lixu and his attendants, leaving gold and silver for the Imperial Academy, and he did not take any money. Some people don't understand, he said: "that vassal state small country, only to goods and interests, I can light it, so that know big Dynasty don't want to be." It fully reflects the sense and demeanor of courtiers in a big country. Later historians praised him as "a man of extraordinary knowledge and courage".
Secretly criticizing Buddhism
In order to meet the needs of the rule, the Mongolian aristocratic rulers adopted the policy of giving preferential gifts to all kinds of religions. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism were very popular. At that time, there were many temples and Taoist temples in the north, and the development of the sects was very rapid, especially the emergence of many famous masters in various sects. In such a social environment, since Yao Sui bears the name of a lifetime, he is inevitably ordered to write inscriptions for Buddhist temples. However, he often states that he is a Confucian in his writings, and the writing of inscriptions is really out of necessity: "those who learn from Confucianism are not known to be the words of Buddhism", "Zhuanmeng, who is of SuiXing nature, learns from zhoukongshu, but Bai Shou, who does not know the origin, does not know from Buddhism? How dare you presume to know it before you look at it? However, he didn't dare to make a formal speech because he was under the emperor's command, so he gave his husband a field to speak to. " Consciously draw a clear line with Buddhism. In addition, he also took this opportunity to criticize the situation of Buddhism flooding, numerous monasteries and monks in the Yuan Dynasty, such as the reconstruction of the stele of dacihua temple in Nanquan mountain and the yongyetianji of Longxing Temple granted by Chugong, which showed great courage and courage. Finally, at the age of 74, the event of "moping Huaibei" happened. In this year, he wrote the stele of chongenfuyuan temple at the command of emperor Wuzong of Yuan Dynasty, which contains such words as "I wish you to be a saint, and you can depend on Buddha". At that time, some monks thought that "Zhu Fa" was abusing monks, and "Yan" was an interrogative word, which was negative. They were very angry with this and appealed it to the Empress Dowager. Later, Li Zongshi and others argued that the matter could not be investigated. However, the inscriptions were polished down and others wrote about it. It is inevitable that the emperor will not be tolerated in the court. I'm afraid that's one of the reasons why he often resigns soon after taking office.
A Geisha
As a literary magnate, Yao Sui's character is romantic and free and easy. At the banquet, he was full of wine and poetry, which showed his free and easy personality. Under the influence of the secular debauchery, Yao Sui often went to the Qinlou chuguan and had a prostitute life. From today's data, most of Yao Sui's contacts are famous prostitutes who have both sex and art skills. In the collection of brothels, there are some anecdotes about him and Yan Fu, who often drink and play in Haizi's home of Zhang Yiyun, a prostitute who is good at poetry, laughter and capital. There are many records of this aspect in the existing works, such as Ci [langtaosha] "to chongyangnu" and Sanqu [Yuediao] "pinglianren". Yao Sui was in a high position. When he had a banquet with his colleagues, there was no lack of scenes of geisha drinking. In some poems, he also wrote about this point, showing his romantic free and easy personality. In his contacts with Geisha, Yao Sui sympathized with them, respected them, understood their unfortunate situation, and complained about their injustice. When he was a scholar in the Imperial Academy, he met a beautiful and elegant Geisha in the banquet. Yao Sui summoned her to the banquet and asked her again and again. Finally, he learned that she was the descendant of Zhen Dexiu, a Confucian of Song Dynasty. Because her father's official salary was too small to repay the bonds, she was sold to a prostitute's family. So he sent someone to ask the prime minister to settle for her. Later, he betrothed her as a daughter to a historian he was familiar with. This event was said to be a grand event in the capital, and Jiaxing County que once wrote more than 300 poems about it. In the name of "Yutang married prostitute", Chui Geng Lu completely recorded this event.
Character evaluation
In his spare time for politics, like the traditional literati in ancient times, Yao Sui also loved to travel around mountains and rivers. In the preface to bieding's compilation, he said: "since the reign of Jingxian, there have been twenty-four strings in the history. One third of them lived in the government, while those who lived in Lixia, Guizhou and Dingzhou during the shuiluzhou and Mazhou periods lived in two thirds. It's very clear in the mountains and rivers, it's very steep, and the standard of talents is very different. It's really rich in the heart. " In the "Shengyuan Ningguo road manager Fu xingzaoji", he also said: "when Suisi scholars and scholars mixed up, they also had a thousand years of experience, the shape of the mountains and rivers is superior, the local customs are slightly evil, and the folk customs are pure, they must have a view." Yao Sui migrated north and South several times in his life, and made several footprints in China. You can find out today
Chinese PinYin : Yao Sui
Yao Sui
