Xia Lishu
Xia Lishu
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Xia Lishu, named Guanchuan, was later named Shunong. Mr. Nong is a famous writer, historian and Neo Confucianist in the middle of Qing Dynasty.
Life of the characters
Xia Lishu, named Guanchuan, was later named Shunong. Mr. Nong is a famous writer, historian and Neo Confucianist in the middle of Qing Dynasty. According to Xiaogan scholar Xia Guiqing, Xia Lishu is a member of the Xia family in Fenggang, Zhuzhan Town, Xiaonan District. According to Guangxu's Xiaogan county annals, there were 5 Jinshi and more than 10 Wenwu Juren (including Jinshi) in the Qing Dynasty (7 Jinshi and 14 Juren recorded in the genealogy). At that time, it was known as one of the four modern culture families in Hubei: Xia family in Xiaogan, Gu family in Qichun, Liu family in Guangji and Xiao family in Hanyang. His life story is recorded in detail in the annals of Xiaogan County of Guangxu, which says in the 15th volume of the book "biography of people · Neo Confucianism": < br > Xia Lishu is named Guanchuan. Father CE Qian, see biography of founder. When Li Shu was three years old, he was able to get the sound and meaning of the word by its meaning. A little longer, read everything. Weak crown, read five books of the Song Dynasty (Note: five books of the Northern Song Dynasty refer to Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai, Shao Yong), poor day and night tireless, then have income. Kangxi gengzi (1720) ranked first in the middle school and rural examination. Next year (1721), he and his elder brother established Zhongcheng Jinshi and elected Shuji Shi (Note: in the early years of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, the Jinshi was elected to observe politics under the six divisions and the Imperial Academy, and those under the Imperial Academy were called Shuji Shi). Zhang Yuan (Note: the provincial name of Zhang Yuan of the Imperial Academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties) was recommended as the editor. Guimao (1723) served as the examiners of Weitong in Beijing (Note: the examiners who cooperated with the chief examiners or the chief examiners in the examination of Mingxiang, Qingxiang and Huihui. Because they lived in one room in Weizhong, they were also called the examiners of Fangguan for short). Jiachen (1724) served as the examiners of Shanxi and compiled the history of Ming Dynasty. Suddenly heart said: mother read me also, now return. Hu Guang Tong Zhi was revised by the governor. My mother, my father, is in charge of the Department of Water Science in Qi county. Please take care of him. Li Shuping has been in the forest for 30 years, but he has not abandoned his studies for a day. His academic affairs are poor in theory, and he experiences everything in order to be self satisfied. Therefore, it is also a kind of teaching. It is easy and happy. It does not set up similarities and differences. It is easy for people to follow, and the wise and wise people will follow it all their lives. He is a lecturer of Jianghan Academy. He has hundreds of people who follow the rules of etiquette. Or to ask is to learn, to teach is to make up one's mind. The article of shichangwu (Note: the place of imperial examination) is magnificent. It is said that the arts and crafts are regular and the people are upright, and the academy has its origin. As a result, scholars came back to know that the Chinese language in Chu Dynasty was very popular. Qianlong Bingchen (1736) juhongbo (Note: Qing Dynasty imperial examination set up erudite Hongci branch, also known as Hongbo), Dingmao (1747) jujingxue, both of them are adamant. When my mother died, I was devastated. Father's age is high, the benefit of the matter is sincere, food is not pro taste not into. In his later years, he walked back and forth with a cloth robe and a bamboo stick, and looked like an immortal. Sixty five years old, no disease or death.
According to the biography of founder in the same book and volume, his great grandfather, Yuanrui, Guangxiang and ceqian, were all celebrities from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. His father was a professor of Baoqing (Note: Shaoyang, old name Baoqing) and died at the age of 91. It can be seen that his family background is quite literary style.
Li Shu and his elder brother Li (also called Li) both promoted Jinshi and reformed shujishi, which was even more popular for a while. "Xiaogan county annals" Volume 20 "magazine" said: "Xia Lishu, Kangxi xinchou and brother Lizhong promoted Jinshi together, changed shujishi together, at the same time, Chu, he and Feng were brothers, and kuijiao (Note: Feng Yong, kuijiao, Jiangxi Jinhuo people.) There is a saying that "the five colors shine in March, and the four Tangdi families open for a while." Xia Lishu's deeds are also recorded in Hubei sages.
personal works
Xia Lishu's works include two volumes of Yi Shuo, two volumes of Si Shu's notes, twelve volumes of CAI Gen Tang's notes and four volumes of Gu Wen. He also compiled the history of the Ming Dynasty and majored in the general annals of Huguang.
Cai Gen Tang's notes was written by him when he taught four books with students in Wuchang academy from 1739 to 1741. According to Siku synopsis, it was originally named "tijie", which was specially designed for making arts. It has been awarded to Zi. After Bingyin (1746), he took Cheng and Zhu's theory to participate in the school, which was similar to and different from each other. His father changed the name of the title because it had nothing to do with the current literature. See Yu Lishu's preface. And the old preface of the explanation also coexists at the end of the volume, which is not without its beginning. The eighteen volumes of the original book and the six volumes of the later one, with the title of "Zheng Yi Bei Lan", are all about the textual research on the allusions of names and objects in the four books. Xia Guiqing, a scholar of Xiaogan, believes that when Li Shuzhong was a Jinshi, his mother Shen Yiren used vegetable soup to satisfy her hunger. Therefore, Li Shuzhong built Caigen jingshe. Caigen Tang is the name of his school, and his family takes Caigen as its name.
Xia Lishu's twenty volumes of additional notes to Du Wenzhen's poems are now available in the engraved edition of Guquan jingshe (Note: it is the name of his study) in 1749, the 14th year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty. (Note: Du Fu's posthumous title is wenzhengong, which was granted by the people of Yuan Dynasty, but not by the people of Ming Dynasty). In the preface of Du Wenzhen's poems, it is said: "it is not easy to enumerate this and Du Qianjia's notes. After getting the title, the great duke said that there is no word and no origin, and the search is complete. If it is secret, it is indifferent to fate. He is concerned about the country and the people and turns away." It can be seen that Xia's "notes on Du Qianjia" are based on the words and allusions "searching for the best" and "close to the story" (Note: quoting stories), but "neglecting the meaning of life (referring to the theme of the composition)". Therefore, there are few notes and many notes in this book, and only those who have the invention and experience are included in the comments. This is the meaning of "additional notes". Xia Lishu also has a volume of notes on reading Du, which was engraved in 1754 of the 19th year of Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. It is complementary to Du shizengzhu, published in conjunction with Caigen Tang Lun Wen, and included in Xia Lishu's Nong Yi Shu.
Among the numerous commentaries on Du's poems, Xia Lishu's Zeng Zhu on Du's poems is unique. In his preface, he states that Du Fu's academic thought "goes in and out of the old Buddha at all, followed by Confucius and Mencius", which is quite unconventional in the feudal era when Confucianism dominated. His comments on poetry, can be in simple terms, sometimes have unique views. The contemporary scholar Zheng Qingdu and other scholars wrote "the bibliographic summary of Duji", which is called "the book passed down very rarely". The fifth volume of Zhou CAIQUAN's "Duji Shulu" also said: "there are few biographical books, and what the editors see is collected by Shanghai Library. Because of the few biographical books, there was no one quoted about Duji in the past. After Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, Du's poetics was in decline, so it was the most popular book. There is no such book in the Shanghai Pavilion now. " It can be seen that the value of his books is very high, but unfortunately there are very few copies.
He wrote Caigen jingshe poetry anthology, which is of great literary value. He wrote in "twelve children's rhymes out of Lushan Mountain": "in the old days, you traveled to the south of Lushan Mountain, but now you go to the north of Lushan Mountain. Between the two armpits of Shanguang, there are wings. At the beginning of the trip, it was clear and bright, but the green was powerless. Cloud heavy suddenly gloomy, remote days volume empty white. The foot of the rain goes through the root of the cloud, and you can't row around. Stone grade aquatic wave, Ming Meng into the state of Zeguo. In the liaoyimao shop, coarse rice is used for late food. Dusk to the ancient temple, silent curtain shadow black. The fire of Buddha is still in its infancy, and the stele is hard to recognize. Stepping on the stone to find the way back, Zhang Ting looks at the plain wall. There are wonderful words in it, and the characters are half etched. Singing and sitting, a case of Tianya guest. The boxer put his head on the pillow. There are stars outside the window. I set out to look at the mountains. When you look back on the mountain and the rain, you will find that it is boundless. " After looking at the former site of Wang Jinggong, he sighed: "the majestic public land is in the east corner of the city. The spring breeze is bleak, and the wild birds greet each other. In the Song Dynasty, the sacrificial ceremony of Benedict's father was held for hundreds of years. This heart to the Lord, he has no right to learn from the ancient. He was born again and sighed at the end of the stream. It's the same with Gao Kui and Ji Ji, but it's the same with stubborn reading. " After reading Changli's poems, he sighed: "when Han Zijia went to Chenyan, the article was full of noise. I love Han Zihao's verses, but Jiajia is more aware of Chen yanqu. Nine days after the great Yongsheng of the golden bell, he was still at the end of the examination. He who catches a snake with his bare hands and walks on a tiger with his feet is gentle but gentle. Just big step over the poet altar, quietly empty walk desert phase around. Li Tang Dynasty poetry is like a hedgehog, machine with the same taste. First there was Chen Zi'ang, and later Wei Liu succeeded to Meng Wang. The immortal wind is too white to be seen in the dust, and the poems of Shaoling are only old. There are many tribes in Ziyu, so how can there be many streams. Looking down on the white and bright yuan, driving home is the best way. Public not step, everyone step public, vertical Xiao its shape and spirit Fu Chong. Scholars should not think about carving. They should be good at nurturing their spirit. " His seclusion life is also full of interest. In Cheng Jijing Zhai, he wrote: "the teeth of the clogs are full of wine, and the brothers of the jun family will accompany him.". A flower at the bottom of the residual more sitting, a hundred tongues in the dawn dream. Old eye lake and mountain return to desolation, old wall wind and rain on berry moss. LAN fan that record all night language, just want to write poetry ink Shen urge His poems also record the folk customs at that time. In his Volume 1 and 2 of CAI Gen she Shi Cao, he wrote: "a pot of Golden Duck, daughter fragrance, ten thousand hand Pu Kui, tortoise shell light.". Chewing does not need to be a case of food, around the court red rain is betel nut This poem records the folk customs of Lingnan. Zhu Zhi Ci in his tianjiashi describes the scene that people in Xiaogan area are good at cultivating land, and women are also influenced by it when they are young: "although the silkworm in Chu is short and white, my aunt is not familiar with hoeing, and she is in the heat to lift the clay." These poems have a strong local color, which has an important reference value for us to understand the local customs at that time.
Character evaluation
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Chinese PinYin : Xia Li Shu
Xia Lishu
