Xia Yunyi

Xia Yunyi

Xia Yunyi (1596-1645, November 4), the father of Xia Wanchun, was born in Huating, Songjiang, Shanghai.

In the 46th year of Wanli (1618), Ju Ren, in the early years of Chongzhen, formed "several societies" with Chen Zilong, Xu Fuyuan and others in the same county. Chongzhen ten years (1637) Jinshi, Fujian Changle County Magistrate, can sympathize with the people, get rid of bad customs. In 1644, Li Zicheng conquered Beijing. King Fu of the Ming Dynasty supervised the state in Nanjing and appointed him the head of kaogong division of the Ministry of officials.

In the first year of Hongguang (1645), the Qing army attacked Jiangnan. Xia Yunyi and Chen Zilong fought against the Qing Dynasty in Jiangnan. After their defeat, they died in Songtang on September 17 of the same year. They were 50 years old at that time and were posthumous“

Loyalty

”。

He is the author of Xia Wenzhong's collection, private policy, surviving record, etc. In the late Ming Dynasty, Xia Yunyi was as famous as Chen Zilong because of the activities of several societies.

Life of the characters

Xia Yunyi, a native of Huating County, Songjiang Prefecture of Ming Dynasty, lives in huayuanbang, west of the county. He is good at learning and writing. He was born as a Jinshi in the 10th year of Chongzhen. In the second year of Chongzhen period, Zhang Pu, a famous scholar, gathered the leaders of many famous literary societies in Wujiang, including Jiangnan yingshe, Suzhou Yuming society, Zhexi wenshe, Jiangxi zeshe, Zhongzhou duanshe, and formed a new "fushe". Compared with the "Donglin Party", fushe is not a prominent party type. It emphasizes "saving the time by learning and defending the education by learning". At the end of the period, many Donglin Party members were mixed up, and many of them were "anxious for fame and fame, talked much, disagreed with the ear and accepted the association", which seriously violated Confucius' holy precept of "group without party". Later, because of the death of Zhang Pu, the spiritual leader of fushe, it gradually declined. At the same time, Xia Yunyi, Du Linzheng, Chen Zilong and others set up a new "Jishe" in Songjiang, which was passed down by teachers, students, relatives and friends. They were rewarded with poems and articles and encouraged each other with articles and morals.

Xia Yunyi's official career was very short. He was only a magistrate of Changle County in Fujian Province for about five years. During his official career, he was one of the seven "excellent" prefects with outstanding political achievements who were named and praised by the Ministry of official affairs, and was personally received by Emperor Chongzhen. Unfortunately, because of his mother's death, he had to go back to his hometown.

In 1644, when Beijing fell into the Japanese occupation, Xia Yunyi paid a visit to Shi Kefa and discussed the restoration plan. Due to the rapid collapse of Hongguang regime in the Southern Ming Dynasty, Xia Yunyi did not succeed and still wanted to do something in the countryside. At that time, the rule of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in Jiangnan was not stable, there were many volunteers, and the remaining military forces of the Ming Dynasty were scattered among them. So Xia Yunyi secretly wrote to his former student, Wu Zhikui, deputy commander of Jiangnan in Ming Dynasty, to discuss that he was going to join forces to capture Suzhou, then recover Hangzhou, and then enter Nanjing, in order to preserve half of Jiangnan in Ming Dynasty. It was at that time that Xia Wanchun, who was only 15 years old, joined the army with his father immediately after his marriage. Unfortunately, Wu Zhikui had no long-term strategy, and his generals were slack. Suzhou was not only not captured, but also defeated by these undeveloped mobs.

One bad news after another, Xia Yunyi became more and more calm. He decided to commit suicide and die for his country. The villagers advised him to take advantage of the chaos to cross the sea to Fujian, where he was a local official, to recruit soldiers and horses, and then try to recover. Xia Yunyi thought about it again and again, but he didn't agree. He was afraid that he would be humiliated if he failed again. The chief General of the Qing army in Songjiang had heard the name of Xia Yunyi, and said that he was the only one who came out of the mountain and would give it to a senior official. The Qing general also said that even if Mr. Xia didn't want to be an official in the new dynasty, he could come out and meet him. Xia Yunyi compared himself with "Zhenfu" and wrote on the door: "if there is a Zhenfu, or if you want to marry her, you can't marry her. Then the saying goes, "I can't help it. I can't help it.". How can a woman make a curtain? Will you be covered by death? " He clearly expressed his determination not to serve the two dynasties.

He wrote to his good friend Chen Zilong and others to explain his future affairs, and then calmly said goodbye to his family. He specially handed the unfinished anthology "records of survival" to his only son Xia Wanchun, and told him to destroy his family, pay for his army, be loyal to his country, and complete his voluntary restoration on behalf of his father. On September 17, he dismissed his family and wrote a poem about his death: "he should not be taught by his father, but should be loyal to the Netherlands. There is no Nandu, but still hope for Zhongxing. Zhongxing, Wangyao, Anren? Zhuo ya, my friend, Yu Qiu, Guang Cheng, Wu Zhai, Sheng Ru, Ku Ren, Yun Sheng, would like to say yes and shake hands with Jiujing. People who do not die, who do not die heart. Cultivate one's moral character and wait for one's life. Warn and encourage future generations! " He calmly threw himself into Songjiang pond and died. In the history of Ming Dynasty, it is said that he "threw himself into the abyss to die", which is actually a mistake. Xia Yunyi's suicide is similar to the Japanese's suicide by caesarean section. His brother, son, wife and concubine all stand on the waterfront in solemn mourning. The water in Songtang is shallow and only reaches above Xia Yunyi's waist. This talented man was buried in the water, choked his lungs and died. His clothes were not wet on his back. He died in the Ming Dynasty. As a son, Xia Wanchun is ready to die. Seeing his father's fierce death, he is more determined to serve his country.

As for Chen Zilong, he and Xia Yunyi were Jinshi in the same year, and they were also famous writers at that time. Originally, Chen Zilong wanted to die with Xia Yunyi, but Xia Yunyi entrusted him with his mother's wife, and he himself had 90 grandmothers to support, so he endured death and waited for change, cut his hair and became a monk, hiding in the countryside. Another reason why Chen Zilong didn't die together with Xia Yunyi was that Chen Zilong wanted to fight to the end, but was not willing to give up resistance when he met failure. The different choices of Xia Yunyi and Chen Zilong have been discussed by some later Taoists. Some people think that Chen Zilong did not take the initiative to die for the country, and his heroism is not as strong as Xia Yunyi. In fact, in the face of a strong enemy, he endured the pain to survive in order to retain his living strength and continue to fight. His heroism is no less than Xia Yunyi's death. During the reign of emperor Lu of Ming Dynasty, Chen Longzi secretly accepted the appointment of the king of Lu and, together with Xia Wanchun, instigated Wu shengzhao, the governor of Songjiang, to oppose the Qing Dynasty. Not only Wu shengzhao was killed, but also Chen Zilong himself was arrested. On the way to Nanjing, Chen Zilong finally made the same life choice as his best friend Xia Yunyi: suicide by diving.

Literary achievements

Xia Yunyi's works are Xia Wenzhong Gong Ji (5 Volumes), private policy (1 volume) and surviving record (6 volumes), which are his last works (with surname magazine (1 volume). There are four commentaries in spring and autumn, five commentaries on Yu Gong and one poem about six gentlemen in Jishe.

He wrote a poem about Jueming's life: "less admonishment from his father, more kindness from Holland, more devotion to his country. There is no Nandu, but still hope for Zhongxing. Zhongxing, Wangyao, Anren? Zhuo ya, my friend, Yu Qiu, Guang Cheng, Wu Zhai, Sheng Ru, Hu Ren and Yun Sheng, are willing to follow them and shake hands with Jiujing. People who do not die, who do not die heart. Cultivate one's moral character and wait for one's life. Warn and encourage future generations! "

Historical records

Ming History

History of Ming Dynasty

Among the Yi characters of Yunyi, Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai) was born. Give the crown to the country. Good ancient erudition, work belongs to the text, spare time occasionally make seal. At that time, donglinfang gave lectures in Suzhou, and Zhang Pu, Yang Tingshu and others admired it. They concluded a literature meeting, which was called fushe. Yunyi and Chen Zilong, who lived in Zhouyi, formed several communities to make peace with each other. When the Qing troops were trapped in Nanjing, they wanted to make up the people to fight against it. They heard that their friends Hou dongzeng, Dong Chunyao and Xu Pai were all dead. They wrote the words of Jueming and threw themselves into the water to die. Biography of Chen Zilong and biography of Guangyin people in Ming history.

Southern strategy of Ming Dynasty

The southern strategy of the Ming Dynasty

Xia Yunyi, Yi Zhong, was born in Huating, Songjiang. Jiashanji. It is known as "Shangshu". Wu Wu in the 45th year of Wanli and Ding Chou in the 10th year of Chongzhen. Hongguangli was the head of the Ministry of officials. The soldiers of the Qing Dynasty went down to the Songjiang River and allowed the Yi people to hide. His elder brother, Qiang Zhiye, allowed Yi to dive to the pool to die. In the same year, Chen Zilong's Elegy said: "it's true to aspire to the spring and Autumn period, and it's even more doubtful to be loyal and filial."!

Brief introduction

Xia Yunyi tomb

At the western end of Jiufeng, dangwan village in Kungang (formerly known as "43 Bao 13 Tu") is located the cemetery of Xia Yunyi and Xia Wanchun, the father and son of the anti Qing generals in the late Ming Dynasty. The platform surrounded by the stone barge foundation is half moon shaped, about 2 meters high and 30 meters wide. The tomb was built in March 1647, the fourth year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is a joint burial tomb for a couple. It was repaired in 1786. Daoguang six years (1826) August reconstruction, the ancestors of several tombs together. There is a stone tablet in front of the tomb, with a big book in the middle: "Ming and Xia Zhongjie fair Yi tomb road", and a small character under it: "Gong's ancestors were buried here, Zi Jie comforted Gong and taboo Wanchun Yi." On the left side is the book "the occupation of woodcutters and herdsmen is forbidden forever", and on the right side is the book "in August of the sixth year of Daoguang, Xu Mengxiong was established in Lou county" (Tangwan belonged to Lou County in Qing Dynasty). In 1961, Chen Yi, vice premier of the State Council, personally inscribed the tombstone, which was listed as a cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level in Shanghai.

Chinese PinYin : Xia Yun Yi