Wu Lai

Wu Lai

Wu Lai (1297-1340), a scholar of Yuan Dynasty. Li Fu, the real name of Laifeng, private posthumous Mr. Yuan Ying. The eldest son of Wu Zhifang, the great scholar of Jixian hall in Yuan Dynasty. Puyang (now Pujiang, Zhejiang) people.

When Yan you was not a scholar, he sought a job in the Ministry of rites. He didn't agree with the official of rites. He retired and returned to Li. He lived in seclusion in Songshan and studied the classics and history deeply.

His prose, which touched the social crisis at that time, demanded that "moralization" and "punishment" should be carried out simultaneously in order to maintain the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. He was able to write poems, especially gonggexing, and had a certain influence on "Tieya style" poems in the late Yuan Dynasty. He is the author of Yuanying Wu collection.

Life of the characters

Study

Wu Lai was born in the first year of Dade in yuanchengzong and died in the sixth year of Zhiyuan in Huizong. He was 44 years old. He was intelligent and studious when he was young. His mother Sheng was quite familiar with poetry. When he was 4 years old, he dictated filial piety, the Analects of Confucius and the biography of Gu Liang. After he read them several times, he could recite them. When he was 7 years old, he could write and write poems. At that time, he was known as "child prodigy". Later, together with Huang Zhen and Liu Guan, he was a Confucianist in Jinhua area at the end of Song Dynasty. After seeing him, Mr. Fang Feng once said with admiration, "this is the talent of the nation.".

Family Uncle Wu Youmin is one of the four major book collectors in Jinhua. He has a large collection of books. Wu Lai often goes to family uncle's house quietly to get books to read. After reading them overnight, he goes to get another one the next day. Once, uncle Zu happened to see Wu Lai holding a copy of Ban Gu's Han Shu. Uncle Zu said, "it's wrong for you to come to my house to read books. Today I'll test you. If you can recite it, you won't be held responsible." Then he pointed to the biography of Guyong DUYE, and Wu Lai recited it like a stream, without missing a word. Uncle Zu thought that he happened to be familiar with this article, but he pointed to two other articles at random, and he could recite them fluently. Uncle Zu was both surprised and happy. He said to Wu Lai, "from today on, you can come to my house to read any book at any time." At that time, Fang Fengzheng, a famous scholar in the city, lived in Wu Youmin's home. Seeing that Wu Lai was so intelligent, he betrothed his granddaughter to him and taught him the book of changes, the book of songs, Shangshu and other classics and historical articles since the Qin and Han Dynasties. Since then, Wu Lai has read a lot and learned more and more. He has been well versed in history, military tactics, and genealogy.

Become an official

When he was 18 years old, the court was ready to send troops to Dongyi to fight against Japanese pirates. Wu Lai said after hearing the news, why use the emperor's army to deal with the Japanese pirates? Let me write an article to discuss with them. So he wrote a 1700 word essay on the Japanese, which was magnificent and brilliant, and was highly praised by scholars at that time. Only because Wu Lai was very ill at that time, this essay was not useful. During the reign of Yanyou, Wu Lai was not in the first place. In 1320, when Wu Lai was 24 years old, he was recommended as the editor of the Ministry of rites. Later, because of the disagreement with the officials of the Ministry of rites, he retired to his hometown Shenniao mountain and became a Taoist of Shenniao mountain. He devoted himself to reading and writing.

give lectures

Wu Laicai is a learned man, but he has a lot of bad luck. His father, Wu Zhifang, visited the capital for more than 30 years in order to realize his ambition in life. The Mongolian nobles Tuotuo and tiemu'er all worshipped Zhifang as their teacher. In 1340, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty supported Tuotuo design, expelled the powerful minister Boyan, and appointed Tuotuo as the Prime Minister of Zhongshu right. His father Wu Zhi was put in high position by Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty, and paid homage to the great scholar of Jixian hall. But this year Wu Lai was 44 years old, and he died in the same year, so he didn't touch his father's glory at all. As a man of cloth clothes, he taught as a profession, supplemented by traveling and writing poems. He successively cultivated many talents for his hometown in baimen Yishu of Zhuji and the bishop of Dongming jingshe of zhengyimen of Pujiang. Song Lian is one of the best. Song Lian, whose ancestral home is Qianxi in Jinhua, was famous for her admiration for Wu Lai. She first went to baimen in Zhuji to worship Wu Lai, then followed Wu Lai to study in Dongming jingshe. In 1335, after Wu Laibing died of illness, he recommended bishop Song Lian to Dongming jingshe for more than 20 years. Song Lian inherited Wu Lai's ideological mantle and academic style, not only trained a large number of talents for Zheng's Yimen, but also compiled Zheng's family rules. After becoming an official, he revised the legal canon of Ming Dynasty and became the first scholar of the first generation.

Seclusion

The source of Shenniao River, now known as Niao river source, is 15 Li deep. It is one of the ten scenic spots of Pujiang River. It is full of green pines and bamboos on both sides of the river. In Yuan Liuguan's poem "the source of Shenniao River", there is a sentence that "the source is dissatisfied with the bottle basin, and a hundred valleys are muddy and swallow one gully". Qian Weishan also has a poem that "Shenniao originated from the ancient times, and who can understand the pan bianzhou" handed down from generation to generation. The source of Shenniao river is Wulai peak, the main peak of Shenniao mountain, with an altitude of 788 meters. Wulaifeng is also the place where Wu laijielu lived in seclusion and wrote books. Wulaifeng dongshan'aoli now has three wulaidian, one in front of which is a flat mountain area with flowers such as chicken crowns and hibiscus. On the front of the hall is a plaque entitled "Songshan Xiaoyin" by the famous painter Mr. Wu Shanming. On the other plaque, the word "Daru" is written by Song Lian. On the left and right walls of the main hall are plaques of "biography of Mr. Wu Yuanying" and "preface to collection of Wu Yuanying" by Liu Bowen. On the two pillars are couplets written by Wu Xingye, the father of Wu Shanming ”。 The mountain here is high, the forest is dense, the cloud is shrouded, the bamboo is set off, the scenery is outstanding. Zhu Xingti, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, wrote in his poem "looking for Mr. Wu Yuanying's former residence in Songshan Mountain": "the deep curl leaves the remaining site, and the line is green. A stream of all streams together, the mountain path wanfengwei. The roots of Pinus elliottii are old, and the ferns are fertile. When the author of the book is absent, there is a twilight in the extreme. " "Mountains are not high, but immortals are famous." Wulai mountain is famous for Wu Lai's seclusion here. In memory of his noble character, later generations renamed Wulai mountain Wulai mountain. Wu Lai's spirit of being a teacher and diligent in learning and seeking knowledge has also left a good atmosphere for the local people, such as "never finding anything left on the road, never closing the door at night, being diligent in farming, studying and being a man, being virtuous and filial in children, and harmonious in the neighborhood".

Wu Lai was fond of traveling all his life. When he was in the Ministry of rites, he went out of Qilu in the East and arrived in Yanzhao in the north. Every time he passed through a place of extraordinary scenery or ancient battlefield sites, he sang generously, drank wine and masturbated, and got the legacy of Sima Qian. After returning from the Ministry of rites, he traveled to Putuo, Zhoushan, and wrote poems such as Yongdong mountain and water relics and listening to Hakka talk about Zixia cave in Penglai mountain. Traveling in mountains and rivers had a great influence on Wu Lai's literary creation, which made his mind broader and his articles more unrestrained. He once said: "there are no books in my heart, and there are no strange landscapes in my eyes. I may not be able to write. Even if I can, I will hear my children's words.".

Literary achievements

Wu Lai's writing style is high, ancient and strange, without the slightest sweet and vulgar atmosphere. He is not fond of close style in his poetry, but good at ancient style songs. His poetic style is vigorous and strange, which is praised by Wang Yuyang of Qing Dynasty. There are only two poets of Yuan Dynasty in the collection of ancient poetry notes compiled by Wang. Wu Lai is one of them, and 28 poems have been compiled. It can be seen that Wang Yuyang, the great master of poetry of the first generation, highly praised Wu Lai's poems. There are many descriptions of the scenery of his hometown in Wu Lai's poems and Fu. In his works, Xianhua mountain is "as beautiful as hibiscus and emerald lotus, as colorful Phoenix rises to the sky". In Wu Lai's poems, the Dragon Peak Tower has a different realm: "five days before the old eye, the real dragon is climbing on the corner. Scale white horse piggyback past, imagine yuan eel embrace tower sleep. Fanbei will be back to know the chime, God beads to fall, see the lamp hanging. Why don't Yan sit in the Zen world at the beginning, and there are thousands of midges flying

There are 11 kinds and 215 volumes of his works, such as Shangshu Biao Shuo, Chunqiu Shibian Tu, Yuefu leibian, tanglu xiuyao, etc. there are also unfinished manuscripts, such as shizhuanketiao, Chunqiu jingshuo, Hu shizhuankaocuo, etc. After Wu Lai's death, Song Lian compiled his important poems into 12 volumes of Yuanying collection, and asked Prime Minister Liu Bowen to write a preface. The preface says: "the king of song presented several volumes of his teacher Mr. Wu's posthumous writings to him. He was shocked when he read them first, respected when he read them again, didn't know the connection of God when he read them three times, and didn't know the purpose, music, chanting and sighing. So I know that the reason why Mr. Song excels others is that he is from Laiwu. " The summary of the general catalogue of Siku Quanshu compiled by Ji Xiaolan in the Qing Dynasty also said: "Wu (LAI), Huang Zhen and Liu Guan were both inherited from Song Fangfeng, and then passed down to Song Lian, thus establishing the school of articles in the Ming Dynasty."

Selected Poems

[wind and rain crossing the Yangtze River]

Great Jiangxi came from Bashu and went down thousands of miles to irrigate Wu and Chu. From the Yangtze River to suanshan, I read the water classic in the past and see it now.

Life ambition this most strange, a leaf boat proud of rain. Angry wind and waves in the city, the sea to open the water.

I'm so sad that I can't see where I'm going? For a moment, the grass and trees were shaking, and the Turtle was about to dance.

Black cloud whale rises quite heart falls, bright moon shell palace end color insults. There is no bell in the golden mountain, and there is no royal scull in the poor quarrying.

Who can curse God? Don't spit out when you have to. It has always been limited, day and night army book fees.

In the three Chu States, there are fish and turtles, and in the two Huai States, there are bears and tigers. Jinfan ten miles to reflect the air, iron lock thousand find unexpectedly torch.

Mulberry and hemp gather the dust of war, and reeds grow into forests for fishermen. It's better to know that creation is always a child's play, and to take Changchuan into zunzu.

Sad, dangerous, but white wave, to carry on, hero several loess! I want to hold the cup to sprinkle the God Yu.

Chinese PinYin : Wu Lai