Qianlong

Qianlong

Qianlong is the year name of Aixinjueluo Hongli, Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty. It lasted for 60 years from February 12, 1736 to February 8, 1796.

Emperor Gaozong Hongli of the Qing Dynasty, the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fourth emperor after the Qing army entered the pass, was born on September 24, 1711 and died on February 7, 1799. The year title "Qianlong" means "Tiandao Changlong".

Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty began to use the year of Qianlong on February 12, 1736, until February 8, 1796. On October 3, 1795, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty made Aixinjueluo Jiyan the crown prince of the Qing Dynasty, and ordered to change the title of "Jiaqing" from February 9, 1796. On February 9, 1796, the biography of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty was officially abdicated in Aixinjueluo Jiyan. However, the "Qianlong" calendar is still used in the imperial palace. For example, the death medical record of Emperor Qianlong is still in December of the 63rd year of Emperor Qianlong.

The reigning emperor

Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, was named Hongli, Aixinjueluo. He was born on August 13 in the 50th year of Kangxi (Xinmao, 1711). The fourth son of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, his mother was filial to the empress of Shengxian. Hongli was loved by his grandfather Emperor Kangxi when he was young, and was raised in the palace. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Emperor Shizong secretly established him as the crown prince. In the 11th year of Yongzheng (1733), he was granted the title of Prince heshuobao. In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), he ascended the throne and was named Qianlong.

At the beginning of Emperor Qianlong's accession to the throne, he repeatedly used military forces in Hunan and Guizhou, carried out the policy of "changing the land to flow" and restricted the power of Tusi. From 1747 to the spring of the fourteenth year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Jinchuan and xiaojinchuan were pacified. In the 20th year of Qianlong's reign, the inner strife in the weilat Mongolian Junggar tribe was calmed down and the dawaqi separatist forces were cut off. In the 22nd year, the rebellion of amursana, the leader of huite tribe of weilat Mongolia, was put down. In the 23rd year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, there was a rebellion between the small and the big and Zhuo. In the 24th year of Qianlong's reign, Yili general was set up to govern the military and political affairs of the north and South routes of Tianshan Mountains and strengthen the rule over the northwest frontier. In the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he sent his troops to demolish all the facilities previously built by Tsarist Russia in Junggar to eliminate the threat. It is stipulated that every year troops will be sent to the border areas of gerbiqi (now Russia) and Erguna River (at the junction of Heilongjiang Province and Russia).

In the 32nd year of Qianlong's reign, the army was sent to Burma. In the 34th year of Qianlong's reign, more than 13000 troops were sent to Burma again. After several months of fighting, the king of Burma fiercely refuted the request for peace. In the 36th year, yiletu, general of Ili, was ordered to receive the turhute tribe who was resettled from the return of Russia's ejil River (Volga River). From the 37th year to the 41st year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the system of two chieftains in Jinchuan was abolished, and the office was set up.

From the 51st to 52nd years of Qianlong's reign, troops were sent to suppress Taiwan's Lin shuangwen uprising. In 1953, at the request of Li weiqi, king of Annam (now in the north and south of Vietnam), he entered Annam to settle the internal strife. In the same year, the Gurkha (now Nepalese) army attacked Tibet, China, and ordered Ba Zhong, the Minister of the vassal court, to lead his troops to Tibet. In 1956, the Gurkha army attacked Tibet again and ordered Fu kang'an to organize more than 13000 troops to fight against it. The next year, it drove the Gurkha army out of Tibet and seized the victory to enter the Kuo territory, forcing Gurkha to make peace.

Emperor Qianlong, like his predecessors, attached importance to agricultural development. He encouraged the opening up of wasteland, expanded the planting area, and developed the frontier areas through population migration. Emperor Qianlong attached great importance to the development of Commerce and gave loose policies. He adopted some compassionate policies, and financial institutions (exchange, deposit and credit banks) began to appear in the Qianlong Dynasty. At this time, a large number of high-yield economic crops flowed in and the population soared. "The prosperous age of Kangxi and Qianlong" entered the peak.

Emperor Qianlong was a Confucian and elegant man. He wrote poems all his life, and his poems amounted to more than 42000, which almost coincided with the whole Tang poetry. He also attached importance to the collection and collation of cultural relics and ancient books, and ordered the collection of neifu to be compiled into Shiqu Baoji and Xiqing Gujian. The most outstanding cultural achievement of Emperor Qianlong was to collect books nationwide and compile the complete collection of Siku.

Chronology

Chronology of Events

Qianlong first year (1736) 25 years old

In February, dingshizong mausoleum was named tailing mausoleum. Dalai Lama sent envoys to pay tribute.

In March, the relatives of Shi Wang Jingqi and cha siting returned home. The four counties, including Guishan County, Guangdong Province, will be exempted from increasing fishing tax and provincial taxes.

In April, Jin Deying and other 334 Jinshi were granted, and their birth was poor.

In July, it was announced that Yonglian, the second son of the emperor, was the crown prince.

In September, Zhu Shi, a great scholar, died and paid a memorial ceremony in person. There were 176 imperial examiners who learned Hongci and 15 middle school examiners in Baohe hall.

In October, I sent shizongzi palace to tailing.

In 1737, he was 26 years old

In April, Qingkou was dredged and Jiangnan canal was built.

In July, Gu Cong was ordered to investigate the Yongding River and rush all the works.

In August, he ordered ertai to survey Zhili river water conservancy.

In November, the military aircraft department was restored, with the grand bachelor ertai and Zhang Tingyu, Shangshu neqin and Haiwang, and the chamberlains nayantai and Bandi as the military aircraft ministers.

In December, the imperial concubine Fu Cha was appointed queen.

In 1738, he was 27 years old

In February, the Sutra feast was held once a month.

In April, the governor stopped his contribution.

In May, Zhang Guangsi appeased the Miao rebellion in Guizhou.

In July, Fujian, Zhejiang and other places were exempted from tax and water deficit.

In September, relief for drought in Taiwan.

In October, crown prince Yonglian died of illness and was posthumously named Prince Duanhui. Eight banners were set up to raise more than 10000 soldiers. Relief to Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhili, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan and other disaster areas, and exempt from the amount of tax, water deficit, etc.

In December, khaliu and other envoys of kardan Zeling, chief of Junggar, accompanied akton to Beijing to summon him.

In 1739, he was 28 years old

In January, the fourth son of the emperor was born, and his mother was Jin.

In February, the boundary of the zero invitation of the gordance was Altay Mountain, which laid the foundation for the success of the peace negotiation.

In March, it provided relief to Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhili, Cangzhou, Hunan, Hubei and other places, and exempted them from taxes and salt lessons.

In April, kukumu, Yanbu and yelengsan Khan of Tibet's palebu tribe paid tribute.

In July, er Fu CE Ling Zou led his troops to lhawusu in the west of the Erhai sea, and dispatched troops to erkunhe, qiqierlik, erdenizhao, Tamil and uliyasutai to guard against the Junggar rebellion.

In August, Zhang Mei played the role of various ministers to block the way of speech and summon the ministers of Manchu and Han Dynasties. Zhang Guangsi, manager of Miao Jiang, was awarded the third-class light truck captain. Jiang Zhensheng, a Gongsheng from Jintan County, Jiangsu Province, presented his hand copied thirteen classics to Emperor Qianlong and granted him the title of Xuezheng of Guozijian.

In October, Wang Yunlu, the prince of Zhuang, and Hong Xi, the prince of Li, formed a clique and engaged in private affairs. Ge Yunlu was the Minister of state affairs and the Minister of Li Fan yuan. Hong Xi cut the rank of nobility and banned it. Baile Hong Chang and other officials were not paid enough.

In December, belpo luonai became the king of the prefecture.

Qianlong five years (1740) 29 years old

In February, peace talks with the Ministry of Junggar were successful.

In April, censor Chen Tai was convicted of bribery. Ren Lanzhi, the Minister of rites, and Tao ZHENGJING, the Minister of Taichang temple, were dismissed from their posts soon after being severely punished for being a friend.

In June, Fuzhou General Long Sheng was stripped of his post for bribery.

In July, the sale of flag land was banned, making the whole country open up.

In December, Zhang Guangsi led the army to completely pacify the Miao rebels in Guangxi and Hunan.

Qianlong six years (1741) 30 years old

In the first month of this year, he ordered Adai, Minister of counsellor, to stay in uriyasutai. An imperial edict was issued to solicit a posthumous letter.

In February, Yongqi, the fifth son of the emperor, was born, and his mother was coriette.

In March, Yang Sijing was ordered to hear the case of Shanxi Xuezheng kaerqin's bribery of a student.

In April, Eshan, Minister of state affairs and commander of the infantry, was executed for taking bribes.

In June, Wang Anguo was ordered to investigate the accumulated disadvantages of grain collection in Guangdong.

In July, the autumn service ceremony was held for the first time. When the Empress Dowager was sent to the summer resort, he was exempted from three tenths of the amount of tax in the area he passed, and the amount of tax in the state and county he passed was reduced. It was normal for him to be old.

In August, Mulan walk around. After that, about once every other year.

In November, imperial censor Li Yuan was dismissed because of Chen's hunger disaster in Gansu Province. A grand ceremony was held to celebrate the Empress Dowager's 50th birthday.

In December, Liu Tongxun, the censor of zuodu, asked to stop Zhang Tingyu's recent promotion to reduce the affairs of his relatives.

That year, the population of the whole country reached 143.1 million.

Qianlong seven years (1742) 31 years old

In the first month of this year, about 15000 Mongolian soldiers were selected to support the North Road military camp, and camel horses were set up along erdenizhao. Tribute from Junggar.

In March, he asked for advice from drought and ordered nine ministers to do their duty. Gardance sent namuka to pay tribute.

In April, the Gongshi of Junggar came to see him. The Han army of eight banners was instructed to set up banners for the people and to make a living.

In May, it was decided to move the Manchu troops to settle in Lalin and alechuka, and set up the vice capital system, with palinga as its center. The forbidden memorials call Mongolia "barbarians".

In June, local officials were instructed to buy and sell grain.

In July, he sent Japanese refugees home. It is forbidden to sell rice abroad.

In October, the DPRK's Kim Shizong and other cross-border offenders were leniently dealt with, in order to show "the kindness of Rouyuan".

In December, Zhong Yongtan and E Rong'an, the left Deputy capital, leaked secrets and handed them over to the Shenxing Department of the internal affairs department. He ordered the prince of Zhuang to govern. The crime of ordering a lenient ertai party to protect Zhong Yongtan.

Qianlong eight years (1743) 32 years old

In the first month of this year, he was still walking in his study. Zhong Yongtan died in prison.

In April, the district land law was ordered to be tried out.

In July, he visited Shengjing for the first time in Rehe. He walked along the road without passing through Zhili, Fengtian and other places. Visit Yongling, Fuling and Zhaoling.

In October, 15 banners such as Shengjing and Xingjing were exempted from this year's tax. He wrote the ode to Shengjing and returned to Beijing.

In December, Yongyu, the sixth son of the emperor, was born to Su Jia.

Qianlong nine years (1744) 33 years old

In the first month of the lunar calendar, the minister turdu was given a banquet in the name of "zero obedience" by gardance, the Ministry of Junggar.

In March, neqin wrote a newspaper to check the abolishment of Yingwu in Jiangnan and Henan. In order to prevent the provincial officials from being bullied, he would "punish one policeman and a hundred others".

In September, Ma Shilong, the chief soldier of Dengzhou Town, Shandong Province, sent his troops to discuss the situation. Ha Liu, Gongshi, yunjunggar, etc

Chinese PinYin : Qian Long