Wu Minshu

Wu Minshu

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Wu Minshu is the founder of the Xihu literary school in China. With the increasingly profound attainments in poetry, classics and history, and abundant works, we have left precious wealth in classics, history and literature. "The prosperity of articles in Hunan in the past two hundred years was first attributed to Zeng Wu" (Guo Songtao's language in Qing Dynasty). Zeng refers to Zeng Guofan and Wu, that is, Wu Minshu.

Life of the characters

Wu Minshu (1805-1873) is a native of tongpihu (now Youai Township, Yueyang County) in Baling county. Because his study was built in Nanping mountain, his hometown, he called himself Nanping. Scholars call him Mr. Nanping. He was very intelligent since he was a child, and he was astonished by people. He entered a private school at the age of 8. He was a teacher of Qin Shi she, a Confucian in his hometown. He read biographical history books such as Wujing, Sishu, Zuozhuan, Guoyu, ZhanGuoCe, Shiji and Hanshu. Qin Shi she is well versed in the ancient and modern times and highly praises the ancient poetry and prose since the Qin and Han Dynasties. She thinks that "the common teachers teach people to take stereotyped writing as their normal career, while other arts are all called miscellaneous learning. This is a great fallacy, and humanity has no way to start from it." Under the guidance of this good teacher, Wu Min Shu is fond of ancient Chinese prose, and "strives for differences for articles, scraping away worldly opinions". In 1832 (the 12th year of Daoguang), Wu Minshu, 29, was elected in the rural examination. In 1844, the imperial court selected Ju Ren to be an official. Wu Minshu was appointed to teach in Liuyang County. Because he hated the official career of fighting for power and profit and intriguing each other, he retired sick for more than years. From then on, he declined Shenghua, did not seek to be an official, recited string at home, devoted himself to the study of poetry and ancient prose, and finally became a great tool, and became the founder of the Luohu literary school in China. Wu Min Shu is a self-supporting person. He neither likes climbing high branches nor money. In the years of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, Zeng Guofan and Zuo Zongtang were well-known for their military power. All those who wanted to do business would go to military bases and rely on Tongxian. Wu Min Shu and Zuo Ben are on the same list. He has a relationship with Zeng You Du, but he never asks Zeng and Zuo for anything. In the early days of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan ran the Hunan army in the name of a servant, and was the enemy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. After the Hunan army captured Yuezhou mansion, Zeng Guofan invited Wu Minshu to tell his story in Yueyang Tower, asked him about military affairs, and asked him to be an aide. Wu said goodbye immediately with the saying that "military tactics are not what I learned". Zeng Guofan once asked Wu to "if I am unfortunate, I will take the tomb as my own". But after Zeng Guofan died in the 11th year of Tongzhi, Wu did not write the epitaph for him. Zeng Guofan once recommended him to serve as the salt transportation envoy of Guangdong and Guangxi, which was the "fat poor" coveted by many bureaucrats and politicians at that time. After a three-year term, he could capture at least 100000 liang of silver, which was still a "clean official". But Wu Minshu laughed: "we Wu family are not salt dealers.". Wu Min Shu has a special preference for classics, history and literature. When he was a child, he thought about GUI Youguang's articles in the Ming Dynasty. Later, he came to guizhenchuan collection and transcribed the better sentences in it. In 1844 (the 24th year of Daoguang), he came to Beijing to take part in the examination. His selected copy of guizhenchuan wenbie and its preface were borrowed by Xiang Chuanlin of Ruian and sent to meizeng Liang (Mei was one of the "four great disciples" of Yao Nai of Tongcheng school, who was advocating the ancient literary method in Beijing at that time and had a great reputation). After reading it, Meiyue met Wu in person and often exchanged ancient prose with Wu Wu Minshu's reputation of being good at ancient prose is well-known in Beijing, and many famous people "seek knowledge in many ways". In fact, Wu did not like GUI's ancient prose. He thinks that the classic of ancient Chinese prose is Wujing and Sima Qian's prose. Han Yu learns Sima Qian's prose and gets his marvel. Ouyang Xiu learns Han Yu's prose and gets his ease. He himself learned from Ouyang Xiu, and emphasized that he should take the advantages of all schools, and opposed to limiting himself by one. Therefore, he did not want to belong to the "Guiti" school, nor did he want to be among the Tongcheng school. When Zeng Guofan described Tongcheng literary school in Ouyang Sheng's preface, he classified him into Tongcheng literary school. He didn't think so. He wrote with Xiaocen literary school, stating that his articles had their own style and characteristics and disdained to agree with other schools. When he saw that some writers of Tongcheng school at that time swayed to curry favor with the powerful, he was very dissatisfied. He once compiled "other copies of historical records" to correct this decadent trend. In 1868 (the seventh year of Tongzhi), Wu Minshu took a boat down the river, visited Lushan Mountain, Shizhong mountain, Xiaogu mountain and Hangzhou West Lake, and then arrived in Nanjing. Zeng Guofan, who was then governor of Liangjiang, welcomed him personally and respected him as a guest of honor. Zeng's officers and staff, as well as many celebrities and intelligent people, all vied to establish diplomatic relations with Wu. Zeng Guofan sighed in his poem entitled "a gift to Wu Nanping": "gold can become a river, but it is not easy to open a good heart.". There are more than 300 famous poets and poets in the north and south of the Yangtze River. It is said that "Tai sings and sings poems" in the sea, and the Poetry Association in Jinling flourished for a time. Wu Minshu built a "listening to the rain building" at home. Together with his younger brother Wu Yunsong, he devoted himself to studying articles, reciting poems and Fu, and honing his literary talent. Sometimes he rode a donkey alone and walked slowly along the Bank of Dongting Lake. When he met his acquaintances, he drank with a donkey and wrote his own little words as a gift. Sometimes he wandered between the scenic spots of his hometown, such as Xinqiang River, Dayun mountain, Xiangsi mountain and Nanyue Mountain in southern Hunan, which helped his writing get the help of mountains and rivers. After the death of his younger brother, he went to jujunshan with his younger brother Wu Shi, and built "Heming hall" and "Beizhu Pavilion" in front of Wu's "Jiujiang tower". He often sailed from home to carry books, and traveled 90 miles here to study all kinds of learning and write diligently. Even in the time of war and chaos, he followed himself with books and continued to read them. He also became close friends with Mao Guiming, a local scholar, and Du Guilong, a junior scholar. He often exchanged poems and sang with each other.

Literary achievements

After years of hard work, Wu Minshu's attainments in poetry, classics and history have become increasingly profound, and his works are rich, leaving us precious wealth in classics, history and literature. In literature, there are Shuxie Yushi, shijunyanming, Mr. meiboyan's eulogy, reply to lixiangzhou book, preface to Xiyuan, new repair of lvxianting, xiankaoxingzhuan, wuyuntai's lament, dead brother Yunsong's incident, shuojiao, zhuohu Wenlu, mubanhu's poetry, zhuohu's poem manuscript, fisherman's wind, Shangke's talk about the year, dongyoucao, Heming's Ci Chao . In the aspect of classics and history, there are the annotation of the book of changes, the three biographies of spring and autumn, the origin of Shi Guo Feng, the textual criticism of the University, the textual criticism of the doctrine of the mean, the chapters and sentences of filial piety, the textual criticism of the Analects of Confucius and the textual criticism of Mencius. He wrote Tongzhi's baling county annals. These poems and essays are composed with prudence, deep meaning, strong and rhyme, light and thick. They come from Tongcheng school, but they are of their own style. They are unique to the half lake school. His articles were called by Zeng Guofan as "words like walking on dangerous rocks, but the paper is extremely heavy.".

Observe filial piety

Wu Minshu is also a very filial and benevolent person. When his parents died, he insisted on the ancient funeral system, lived in mourning and fasted, and died in the tomb, as thin as firewood. In 1836 (the 16th year of Daoguang), his younger brother Banpu died of illness. He was only 30 years old and had a widowed wife and a young son. He is more considerate than his own children in raising orphans and widows. Every year on Tomb Sweeping Day, he goes to his brother's grave to hang a memorial ceremony. He often cries bitterly. The rich wealth of his family was entrusted to his eldest nephews changlie and Changyu, regardless of their profits and losses. He is self reliant and thrifty. When his friends, relatives and neighbors are in trouble, he will try his best to help them. He won the respect and support of his relatives, relatives and neighbors.

Go to work with illness

In 1872 (the 11th year of Tongzhi), Hunan Provincial Bureau of general annals invited Wu Minshu to edit Hunan General annals and renew the collection of Yuanxiang old poems and essays. At that time, Wu was over 60 years old and sick. But in order to benefit Sangzi and future generations, he decided to go to his post with illness. When the old and famous people met in Changsha, he began to return home to recuperate. In May of the next year, Wu Minshu saw that his illness had not been cured for a long time, and he couldn't get up at the end of his life. After many times of thinking about editing, he decided to go to Changsha again. Before his departure, his family insisted on dissuading him. Wu Min Shu replied with a smile, "it's fate. Although he died outside, how could he be hurt?". After leaving Qun Cong's children, he went to the provincial general Records Bureau. He never went back home. He died in August 1873 (the 12th year of Tongzhi) at the provincial general Records Bureau, 69 years old.

Chinese PinYin : Wu Min Shu