Wu Zongci

Wu Zongci

Wu Zongci (1879 ~ 1951), a famous historian and local chronicler, was born in Nanfeng, Jiangxi Province.

Character experience

He was born in Beijing on December 13, 1879. He lost his father at the age of 3 and returned to his hometown from his father's official residence in Beijing. He entered school at the age of 8. In 1897, he took part in the local examination at the age of 19, ranking the first and the winner. In the winter of 1905, he graduated from Raoping normal school. Xuantong went to Beijing for imperial examination in 1910, ranking second in liberal arts. He was the supervisor (president) of Jianjun middle school (the predecessor of Nancheng No.1 Middle School). He made great efforts to rectify the school affairs, purchase equipment, recruit talents, and create a new atmosphere in the school. Later, he was appointed as the visual science of Jiangxi Province. He has always been concerned about the current situation, paid attention to new learning, and opposed the rule of the Qing Dynasty. He successively wrote articles advocating revolution in alarm bell daily, sponsored by Cai Yuanpei and Zhang Taiyan, Xiaozhong daily, founded by his friend Tie Shan, and minhu daily, sponsored by Yu Youren. When the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he was the main writer of Jiangxi min Bao (formerly known as autonomous daily). He took the lead in publishing the independent document notice of Wuchang Uprising and Jiujiang response, and personally wrote the editorial "the storm of the city is approaching the Double Ninth Festival". With sharp literary edge and profound analysis, he exclaimed that "the Manchu Qing government will leave for a long time" and shocked the newspaper world. At the same time, he actively participated in the planning of Jiangxi independence, presided over the joint meeting of all walks of life in Nanchang, and made a certain contribution to the recovery of Nanchang. In 1912, as one of the representatives of Jiangxi Province, he went to Nanjing to pay a visit to Sun Yat Sen and report on the recovery of Jiangxi Province. When he came back, he served as deputy director of the provincial branch of people's society. The next year, he was elected as a member of the house of Representatives, a member of the constitution Drafting Committee, and editor in chief of the awakening China Daily. Since then, he has served as the Secretary General of Sichuan General Administration, the Secretary of the patrol office, and the director of the administrative department. In 1917, he went to Guangzhou to participate in the extraordinary Congress, and was appointed by Sun Yat Sen as Sichuan Yunnan Military envoy to mediate the Sichuan and Yunnan armies. Later, he served as secretary of the military government's political conference, Secretary of the Ministry of communications and Secretary General of the general staff. In 1919, he served as the director and Secretary General of the constitution Drafting Committee of the National Congress, and presided over the drafting of the constitution until the beginning of the northern expedition in 1924. In 1929, he turned to industry. He has successively served as the executive director of the board of directors of Zhejiang Changxing coal mine, Hubei Echeng Iron Mine and Jiangxi Leping manganese mine. Later, due to the turbulence of the current situation, foreign businessmen broke their promise, and three enterprises closed down one after another. In the autumn of 1930, I went to Lushan. After careful investigation, personal investigation, extensive consultation, access to ancient books and archives, and invited famous scientists Hu Xiangu and Li Siguang to work together, the manuscript of Lushan annals was completed and printed in four years. There are 7 programs, 12 volumes and 30 items in Lushan annals, among which the program of "mountain administration" records the vertical and horizontal historical traces of Lushan, narrates the cases of various leased lands on the mountain, as well as the contents related to politics, such as administrative institutions, education, customs, dialects, etc. This is the first example in the history of Chinese mountain Records compilation. At the same time, he participated in revising the draft of Qing history. In the autumn of 1936, he was employed as a professor in the graduate school and School of Arts of Sun Yat sen University, specializing in the courses of history of the Qing Dynasty, history of Chinese national assimilation and local records. In 1939, he was a professor of Southwest Associated University, teaching general history, history of Chinese culture, history of the Qing Dynasty, and the history of Sino Japanese negotiations in the past 70 years. In December 1940, he was appointed director of the Preparatory Committee for the revision of Jiangxi Tongzhi, director and chief editor of Jiangxi Tongzhi, and chairman of Jiangxi Provincial literature Committee until February 1949. During the 10 years of editing Jiangxi Tongzhi, he overcame many administrative, personnel, library site and economic difficulties due to the changes of the current situation. As always, he collected and sorted out data, worked out compilation plans, outlines and styles, and attached great importance to the use of old records materials and the application of the latest science and technology as well as their achievements. He hired experts and scholars from various disciplines to participate in the compilation, We have compiled many local chronicles. There are more than 10 kinds of printed or mimeographed works, such as the ethnic problems of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Jiangxi, the chronicles of new figures in Jiangxi, the atlas of the evolution of 83 counties in Jiangxi, and the chronicles of the restoration of the revolution of 1911. The new manuscripts are novel in style, rich in content, reliable in historical materials and innovative in some aspects. He advocated that "practice is the key to the cultivation of ambition" and "practical learning is the key to the cultivation of ambition" On the eve of liberation, in order to avoid the loss of manuscripts of Jiangxi Tongzhi, the materials were transported to Nanfeng for preservation. After the founding of new China, all the files, Atlas, materials and manuscripts were transported back to Jiangxi Cultural Relics Management Committee for collection. In January 1950, he was employed as a counselor in the Counselor's office of Jiangxi Provincial People's government. In November 1951, Wu Zongci died of vascular sclerosis.

work

Wu Zongci's academic achievements are reflected in two aspects: local records and historiography. Wu Zongci's local records thoughts are embodied in his three local records and three articles. The three local records are: General records of Jiangxi Province (manuscript), records of Lushan Mountain and continued records of Lushan Mountain. The three articles are abbreviated as Shuzhi, conglun and fangzhixue. The most representative of his achievements in historiography is his constitutional history of the Republic of China, which is the first constitutional history of modern China. In addition, he has more than 10 books and many kinds of chronologies, research strategies, compilations and essays, such as the history of protecting the law, the collection of Lushan gold and stone, the truth of Lushan gold and stone, the wide collection of Lushan ancient poems, the collection of Jieyu poems, the local chronicles of Jiangxi Province, and on the local chronicles of today. The draft of general annals of Jiangxi compiled by Mr. Ren was published in December 1985 by the collation group of Jiangxi general annals of Jiangxi Provincial Museum.

Chinese PinYin : Wu Zong Ci