Wu Guolun

Wu Guolun

Wu Guolun (February 25, 1524 - July 21, 1593) was named Mingqing. He was born in chuanlou, weichushan and nanyueshan. He was Han nationality. He was born in zunxianfang, xingguozhou, Wuchang prefecture (now wuzhicun, futu Town, Yangxin County, Hubei Province). He was a famous writer in Jiajing and Wanli periods of Ming Dynasty. He was also called "post seven sons" together with Li Panlong, Wang Shizhen, Xie Zhen, zongchen, Liang Youyu and Xu Zhongxing.

Life experience

Wu Guolun, also known as Mingqing, was born on the 22nd of the first month of the third year of Jiajing (February 25, 1524), Jieyuan in the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), and Jinshi in the 29th year of Jiajing (1550). At the beginning, he was taught Zhongshu and then promoted to Shizhong. In the 34th year of Jiajing (1555), when he learned that Liang Youyu, one of the "seven sons" who was expelled from Beijing by Yan Song, died of illness, he and Wang Shizhen and Zong Chen "joined hands and wept in Yan Di", so he offended Yan Song. Especially in October of the same year, Yang Jisheng, a member of the Ministry of war, impeached Yan Song for ten crimes and five traitors, while emperor Shizong, who believed in Yan Song, was enraged and sent yang to imperial prison, Then he was beheaded. The next day after Yang was beheaded, Wu Guolun and Wang Shizhen "sprinkled wine and sobbed" for Yang, and "advocated to give away", actively collecting donations for Yang, handling funerals, and settling the family, which made Yan Song and his son more angry. As a result, he was quickly demoted by Yan Song to be the governor of Jiangxi Province. Later, he was transferred to Nankang, and then transferred to Dezhi county. Two years later, he simply abandoned the official and returned to his hometown.

In 1562, when Yan Song was defeated, Wu Guolun was reappointed by the imperial court. He served successively as Jianning Tongzhi, Shaowu Zhifu, Gaozhou Zhifu, Guizhou tixue Qianshi, and Henan Zuo Shenzheng, and then returned. After returning to Li, the name of the poem was very high. At that time, those who sought fame either went east to Taicang (Wang Shizhen) or west to Xingguo (Wu Guolun). On June 23, the 21st year of Wanli (July 21, 1593), Wu Guolun died at home at the age of 70. The old stork's beak in chenbu, buried ten miles northeast of Zhoucheng. Wu Guolun was the oldest of the latter seven.

Anecdotes of characters

Wu Guolun is not only a writer, but also a scholar and educator. During his tenure as Gaozhou magistrate, he founded Nanyue Academy in 1569, with a collection of 20000 books, which cultivated a large number of local talents. He also gave lectures at Bailu academy, a famous university at that time, "there are more than 300 students, among whom there are doubts and questions", showing the style of a generation of famous teachers. In his later years, Wu Zhong lived a miserable life and often served guests with bamboo preserves. Later, with the support of relatives and friends, he built a small garden outside the north gate of xingguozhou City, named "Jiyuan". Since then, the garden has been living happily and writing constantly.

Wu Guolun has written seven works, including cangjiayan manuscript, Xudong manuscript (54 volumes, 27 volumes), Chen Zhangshi Lue, wuchuanlou collection, xuwuchuanlou collection, Chunqiu Shipu and xunchuxiaojian, and another one is chuanlou Zaji. His works are mainly collected in Ming history, Sikuquanshu, Xuxiu Sikuquanshu and other famous classics.

personal works

[across qipanling]

Drive the horse to the mountain, and Ma Ming knows the king.

If you want to relax your feet for thousands of miles, what are the seven plates.

[plum sighs]

Suddenly spring is weak, plum blossom makes snow to fly.

Who can be thousands of miles away, smell the flute do not want to return.

【

Gaozhou zayong

】

It is difficult to maintain the atmosphere in the south of Guangdong.

One day, Qiu Ge, three families, Han and Yi.

The book of ghost Fu is against miasma, and the drum is playing.

The dream of returning to the West in the distant night should be known only by the sea and the moon.

Two poems on shangxinhe

Flower thick white board bridge, everywhere Qi Luo Jiao.

Yushu is not a new song, but a legacy of the Six Dynasties.

Don't ask about the previous dynasty, but watch Jiang come to power.

Pick up the green in pingming and sing back in dusk.

[Yangjiang daozhong]

White bone flat Hill long, not close to hair.

A hundred miles away, the battlements are high.

I hear the drum everywhere, and I always wear the sword.

At dusk through the black stone path, the grass and trees are also fishy.

[view and chant of Tianfei Pavilion]

At the beginning of Fu Deng's reverie, the mountains and towers fly away.

The sky falls with the double streams, and the autumn returns.

The stalagmites are covered with Zhugong, and the ripples are green.

I don't know where the goddess is. It's like seeing cloud clothes.

External evaluation

Wu Guolun's poetry style in poetry creation, Wu Guolun advocates high style, pursuit of emotional, literary quality, artistic conception, momentum, tone, verve flow. He is good at using the pen of "strange police" to describe scenery and strange customs. "Red Cobra River" poem: "thousands of miles of red Cobra River, deep mountain, many poisons. Far away, I doubt that I can drive the elephant horse, but I want to smash min'e. Rafts fly down, masts cross angry rocks. It's not just a storm to persuade Lang not to cross the river today. "

Wu Guolun was concerned about the state affairs. His three poems, a chronicle of the autumn days of gengxu, selected three typical events and revealed the corruption and incompetence of the army in the Ming Dynasty when the enemy troops pressed the border. First, when the enemy disguised as "paying tribute" to invade on a large scale, the Ming army was still in a state of intoxication, resulting in "the new ghost in the night of Jiaoyuan, but hated the late arrival of the army". Second, after the war, Ming generals sent Yin soldiers to defeat the enemy. Third, when the two armies needed weapons against each other, the treasurer had to ask for thousands of gold. When the weapons were in hand, the enemy had already left with pride. The painful verses reveal the poet's anxiety and deep irony about state affairs. The three poems of "Late Autumn Thoughts" are not about the natural autumn scenery, but about the hardship of the people and the country. On the one hand, the poem describes the tragic scenes of "people's overwork, customers' policy, and" urgent conscription far away, and the damage turns to pay frequency ". On the other hand, it reveals the luxury of "Qi Li Fen Si Zhu, Hou Jia Sheng Qi Luo". The poet sighed that "the time is hard, the people are exhausted, and the world appreciates the country's kindness". His epics, such as qiaozhou diaogu, show his admiration for the national heroes who fought against Yuan Dynasty in the late Song Dynasty and worry about the fate of Ming Dynasty.

Wu Guolun is also good at describing the strange customs in different places. Gaozhou zayong expresses local customs and customs by "one day, Qiu Ge, three families, Han Yi, GUI Fu, Shu, man Gu, Deng Pi". When Shen Deqian commented on this poem in Qing Dynasty, he said: "local style poems can only be vivid if they are written with such a wonderful and alert pen." The description of the minority customs around Ge Ya in Ge Ya Xing is especially vivid. "Ci She Xiang Yi Yin Yong Qi Shi" praises the wife of She Xiang, who has been in Chengping for 200 years. These poems are the result of the poet's long-term life in Yunnan, where "the words of birds are difficult to understand, and the flowers serve the sun with their relatives" (West post of rice and water).

Wang Shizhen's comments on Wu Guolun's "being able to achieve the reality, making the head and tail symmetrical, harmonizing the palace and business, and matching the feelings and facts" (yiyuanzhiyan) can quite illustrate the artistic characteristics of his poetry creation. Whether it is to depict the scenery or to express feelings, his poems are true and simple, rarely exaggerating the proper words, which are kind and interesting to read. In addition, he can pay attention to the structure and tone of his poems. Although there are no distinctive features, he can also achieve a more harmonious unity of the scene. Although his works are numerous and rich, their talent is slightly insufficient, so they are often repeated and identical. Hu Yinglin ridiculed him for "using many sentences in the same way, so he could not bear to read more than ten chapters" (shisou). The Zong Chen's "repaying Li in scales" said: "Wu Sheng is a rogue. He has a wide range of ears and eyes. He often drives his servant, but his servant has a short hair and a short heart. Quite proud of this life. This life is tough. If it's not a servant, it's almost a burden. " Li Panlong also criticized him: "it's not as good as Zong and Xie, but Liang and Xu are not far away. Mingqing, Mingqing rogue! The three sons are not famous at home! "

Character

Wu Guolun is light in wealth, hospitable and has a wide range of friends. At that time, many famous cultural celebrities were proud to associate with him. Wu Chengen, the author of journey to the west, has a close relationship with Wu Guolun, especially Li Shizhen, a famous physician and the author of compendium of Materia Medica. He has visited many places in his life. He has successively worked in Beijing, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Henan and other places. He has traveled all over China. Wherever he goes, he always pays attention to the local places of interest, and likes to visit the famous mountains everywhere. His poems and inscriptions are preserved in the ruins of song Imperial City, xianmadame temple and Zhaoqing Qixingyan in Guangdong, tengwangge and Lushan in Jiangxi, shexiangyi and Chishuihe in Guizhou, and Kaiyuan Temple in Fuzhou in Fujian. Now these masterpieces have become valuable cultural wealth of the local people.

Wu Guolun has been wandering abroad for a long time. He has a strong feeling of homesickness and lives in a foreign country. When he returned to his hometown in his later years, he built a small garden outside the north gate of Zhoucheng, named "Beiyuan". While planting vegetables, he taught and wrote books. He was indifferent to life. He used to treat guests with vegetable soup and preserved bamboo, which made him famous. Admirers came from all over the country in droves. "When the scholars were seeking for literature, if they did not go to Taicang in the East (see Wang Shizhen), they would go to Xingguo in the West (meet Wu Guolun)". For a time, xingguozhou became one of the national cultural exchange centers.

Wu Guolun is also a famous Anti Japanese hero. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates were rampant along the southeast coast. In the early years of Longqing (1567), Wu Guolun became the governor of Gaozhou. After Wu took office, he trained his soldiers and prepared to attack Japanese pirates. After several years of hard work, Gaozhou City is well guarded and the army and the people share a common hatred for the enemy. It is known as "xiaohangu pass". In December 1571, the Japanese invaders invaded Gaozhou again. Wu Guolun directly attacked the enemy camp, and the Japanese fled in a hurry. Wu Guolun led his army to Lima village and captured the head of the enemy. Later, when the Japanese attacked Huazhou, Wu Guolun sent General Chen Hao to rescue, and at the same time, he personally carried the army around the enemy's back, forming a situation of attack and capturing the enemy. In recognition of the military and civilian contributions to the war against Japan, he also built a pavilion and erected a stele to show his descendants that the pavilion was named "Wuliting" and later became a scenic spot in Gaozhou. Wu Guolun's achievements in protecting the territory and the people are recorded in the annals of Gaozhou, and the people praise him constantly.

member of family

Great grandfather: Wu Cheng, Zi Yuanzhi great grandmother: Pan Shi

Grandfather: Wu Yi, Zi Shiyi

Father: Wu Yan, Zi Zonglu mother: Li (businessman)

Chinese PinYin : Wu Guo Lun