Qiao shining

Qiao shining

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Qiao shining (1503-1563), male, was born in Xiaoqiu, Mingyao Prefecture. He compiled a well-known "Yaozhou Zhi" of Sanqin. This is the second local chronicle in the history of Yaozhou. It is one of the eight famous local chronicles of Shaanxi in the Ming Dynasty.

The road of official career

Qiao shining (1503-1563), male, was born in Xiaoqiu, Mingyao Prefecture. Jiajing four years (1525) rural examination Jieyuan, that is the first in Shaanxi Province. In 1538, there were eight Jinshi, which was the eighth Jinshi in China. Yao Zhou is the highest ranking scholar in the imperial examination of Ming and Qing Dynasties. When he was young, he studied in sanshishan (today's Daxiangshan), because his name is sanshishan. He was appointed director of Guangxi Department of Nanjing household department at the beginning of his career. Later, he was appointed director of Fujian Department, director of Guizhou department, and director of Sichuan Department. He was promoted to supervisor of Huguang university because of his conscientiousness in handling affairs, awarding good and punishing evil. Yao county people still call him Qiao Xuetai, which means this position. All his life, he lived as an official. He was fair and honest, and did not play favoritism. All the officials he selected had real talent and learning, and everyone admired his fairness and integrity. Lei Guan went to Henan to participate in politics and Sichuan to serve as an inspector. After the death of his parents, he returned to his hometown and devoted himself to Literature and history.

personal works

Compilation of Yao Zhou Zhi

Qiao shining's greatest contribution to his hometown is his compilation of Yaozhou annals, which is well-known in Sanqin. This is the second local chronicle in the history of Yaozhou, which covers the current situation of Yaoxian, Fuping and Tongchuan. It records the local historical materials more than 2000 years before Jiajing of Ming Dynasty. The book consists of ten chronicles, twelve volumes and more than 43000 words. Qiao Zhi for short. Qiao Zhi was officially announced as one of the eight famous local chronicles of Shaanxi in the Ming Dynasty by the local chronicles working conference of Shaanxi Province in July 1982. And with the wugongzhi, chaoyizhi three. Its content runs through ancient and modern times, including all aspects, complete style, rigorous and orderly, simple words, elegant words, worthy of fame. Wang Ruan Ting, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, commented: "in the modern annals, there is no such thing as Kang Duishan's martial achievements and ambition, followed by Wang Meipi's (HU) Zhi, Lu Jingye's Gaoling Zhi, Han Wuquan's Chaoyi Zhi and Qiao Sanshi's Yaozhou Zhi." (Wu Gong Zhi, comments of various schools). Today, from the perspective of content, Qiao Zhi does have many advantages that are worth following. First of all, we should seek truth from facts and abide by historical laws. In the old annals, there was an item called "Xingye", but Qiao thought that "Xingye was a country in ancient times, covering a long distance. Today, the annals of a state and a small county are not written.". It shows that he is practical, scientific and not confused by the trend. Another example is to insist on the historical method of "life does not establish biography", which holds that "people who exist do not record their actions, and things will be settled after a gentleman". Secondly, we should adhere to the principle of preserving truth, eliminating falsehood, and passing on faith without doubt. Qiao Zhi, the "official who believes in records", always follows this principle. In order to examine the facts and debate the right and wrong, Qiao shining not only checked the books and made textual research in many ways, but also went deep into the scene, personally inspected the mountains and rivers, obtained first-hand information, and clarified the mistake of recording stork magpie Valley as Tumen in Chang'an annals. On the other hand, he did not make his own opinions and draw conclusions about the unclear textual research at that time, but held a scientific attitude of doubt, such as dealing with the legendary "Cangjie tomb" and "gongzhi tomb". in addition, while recording social phenomena, we should study their essence. Taking Yaozhou as an example, this paper makes a truthful account of the local poverty in ancient times through territory, products, markets, land taxes, rivers, and customs. This paper points out the four causes of poverty, which are poor natural conditions, single production structure, water conservancy disrepair and heavy taxes and corvee. Another prominent feature of Qiao Zhi is its distinctive local color. Sun Simiao and his reclusive Wutai Mountain (Yaowang mountain) are famous people and places of interest all over the country. Yaozhou records not only takes Wutai Mountain as a separate and special record, but also focuses on Sun Simiao's life, his medical theory and works, which adds a distinctive local color to Yaozhou records.

poems

Shi Ning is diligent and good at poetry. When he Zhongmo was in charge of Shaanxi Province, he inspected the studies of shining and was praised as "unparalleled in the country". He also taught Shi Ning the method of poetry, "when talking about it, you will move the sun.". As a result, Shi Ning's literary thought advanced greatly, and his artistic conception was beyond the vulgarity. "Sheng Ming Bai Jia Shi" says: "Jing Shu's poems are more important than Kang Duishan and Wang Meipi.". Shi Ning has been an official for 15 years. He has no appetite for food and clothes. He is only interested in poetry and prose. He has written 12 volumes of Yaozhou annals (known as one of the famous annals of Shaanxi in Ming Dynasty) and 19 volumes of Qiuyu collection. Shi Ning's poems and essays are recorded in the history of Ming Dynasty, records of art and literature, manuscripts of Guanzhong dynasties and Wanyou Wenku.

Family situation

Qiao Zhongjie, Qiao shining's father, was granted the title of yongdelang and head of the household department. In the year of famine, he generously donated hundreds of money for relief, took out more than 600 stones of grain and rice to relieve the victims and the poor people, so that thousands of people survived. He also carved a thousand Golden Prescriptions by Sun Simiao to help the world. Shi Ning's two sons were both eager to learn and make progress. The eldest son was a Jinshi of Longqing Wuchen (1568 A.D.) in Fu, and he was an official in Nanjing and a governor in Zhejiang. The second son, Yinyu, was a Jinshi of Wanli Gengchen (1580 A.D.) and a magistrate of Guangping in Zhili. He was both upright and upright, and his father's style was passed down in poetry. Qiao Yinfu's anthology is yuanzhitang anthology.

Chinese PinYin : Qiao Shi Ning