Wu xingzuo

Wu xingzuo

Wu xingzuo (1632-1697), whose name is Bocheng, was born in Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) of Shaoxing Prefecture. He was a famous official in the early Qing Dynasty.

His father was Wu Zhizhong. In his early years, as an aide of Dai Shan, Prince Li, he was granted the first-class guard. Wu xingzuo was a brilliant young man and devoted himself to science and art. In 1650, he was granted the title of magistrate of Pingxiang in Jiangxi Province as a Gongsheng. At that time, Jin Shenghuan defected, and most counties in Jiangxi were occupied, but Pingxiang was not. Soon he was granted the title of magistrate of Daning, Shanxi Province. Shunzhi eighteen years (1661), moved to Shandong Yizhou Zhizhou. In 1663, Emperor Kangxi was released to Wuxi County Magistrate. During his term of office, Qingzhang County Land mu, number drawing, because of the land levy, cut line "Tan Ding into Mu". In April of the 14th year of Kangxi's reign (1675), he entered Fujian Province as an envoy. He appeased Geng Jingzhong, Chen long and others, and captured Zhu Tongyi alive. In 1678, he was promoted to governor of Fujian and led the army to defeat Zheng Jing. He became the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. After taking office, he said that shangzhixin, the former governor of Guangdong Province, levied exorbitant taxes and levies in Guangdong Province. He asked to stop the exorbitant taxes and levies on salt ports, ferry taxes and fishery, and he also asked for permission to open the sea ban.

In the 35th year of Kangxi (1696), Emperor Kangxi personally attacked Gerdan, Wu xingzuo served with Emperor Kangxi, and died in the 36th year of Kangxi (1697).

Life of the characters

Early years of treason

Wu xingzuo was born in Shanyin, Zhejiang Province. His father, Wu Zhizhong, served in the shogunate of Prince Li Dai Shan and was granted the first-class guard. In 1648, Wu xingzuo was awarded the title of magistrate of Pingxiang County in Jiangxi Province. At that time, Jin Shenghuan rebelled in Jiangxi, and most of the counties were occupied by him, but Pingxiang was saved from the disaster of war because of early preparation. Later, Wu xingzuo was dismissed because of the incident, and soon recovered because of his meritorious defense. He was granted the title of magistrate of Daning County, Shanxi Province, and soon moved to the prefecture of Yizhou, Shandong Province. At that time, the white lotus sect gathered together for disaster, and Wu xingzuo sent people to explain and enlighten. Later, he was demoted to Wuxi County Magistrate in Jiangnan. At that time, there was a serious deficit in the county's Bank. Many officials were replaced, but they failed to make up the deficit. Even the removal of officials could not achieve the goal. When Wu xingzuo arrived, he asked for exemption for those officials, and those who owed to the Treasury bank took out their private property to make up the deficit. Then he cleared the farmland of the whole county, numbered and mapped them, and taxed them according to the number of farmland. It is useless for grain farmers to send their fields under the name of officials and gentry Jin who enjoy the privilege of free corvee in order to evade taxes. The corvee in the county was not evenly distributed, resulting in heavy corvee for the lower class. Wu xingzuo used the land rent to hire and serve the people, and the problem of the people was solved. In the year of great disaster, Wu xingzuo gave porridge to the victims. At that time, the eight banners were stationed in Suzhou. Wu xingzuo asked gushanejhen, the leader of the army, to suppress the disaster. Some soldiers snatched people's chickens, and Wu xingzuo whipped them immediately, making them all safe. When the river overflowed, the soldiers could not walk on the pond. Wu xingzuo set up many bamboo poles beside the pond and hung lights on them to illuminate the road at night, making the soldiers pass unimpeded. In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), Wu xingzuo moved to be a pedestrian (official post), but he remained in the county magistrate's office. Later, because of the recommendation of Shuai Yan, the governor of water transport, Wu xingzuo was promoted to Fujian's inspector general. At that time, there was a man named Zhu Tongyi in Fujian, who was known as the descendant of the Ming Dynasty Royal family. Geng Jingzhong privately granted him the title of general Fuyuan. In 1676, after Geng Jingzhong came down to the Qing Dynasty again, Zhu tongkai called himself "King Yichun" and occupied Guixi. Wu xingzuo led the Qingqi to Guangze, pacified his general Chen long and so on, and sent General Yang Zigui as his internal agent. He ordered Chen long to lead the army as a guide. General Feng Heng and others of Zhu Tongyi bound him and led 3000 soldiers to surrender to the Qing Dynasty.

Defending the Taiwan Strait

In 1678, Wu xingzuo was promoted to governor of Fujian. At that time, Zheng Jing occupied Taiwan for chaos, sent Liu GuoXuan and other generals to capture Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and other counties under the jurisdiction of Quanzhou, and besieged Quanzhou. Wu xingzuo led a group of soldiers to the rescue in Xinghua. When Xianyou arrived, Huang Qiu, Zheng Jing's general, led 2000 people and collaborated with more than 10000 local bandits to settle in baigeling. Wu xingzuo divided his troops into three groups and personally led the middle route to fight against the enemy. From Chenshi to Youshi, the two armies were locked in a stalemate. Wu xingzuo sent troops from the remote path to seize the pass of baigeling. He killed 600 people and drowned many people. The enemy lost and chased the remnant troops to lingtouwan to conquer Yongchun and Dehua counties. Liu GuoXuan was defeated from Quanzhou and haunted Chiyu and Huangqi with hundreds of huge ships. Wu xingzuo sent Lin Xian and others to lead the navy to the sea, attacked Liu GuoXuan in three ways, burned more than 60 enemy ships and captured more than 6000 people. He wrote a victory to the imperial court, and said: "the Zheng's rebels forced Zhang, Quan and other places, and the army moved by land, so it was very difficult to enter. Before that, Chen recruited sailors and broke the bandits in the first World War, but the troops were still a little weak, so he didn't take Xiamen lightly. If we get another 20000 sailors and build more warships, we can go straight to Zheng's nest. " Kangxi issued an imperial edict to allow his suggestion. In 1679, Liu GuoXuan led two thousand soldiers to Guotang and ouxitou to cut off the Jiangdong Bridge to offend Changtai. Wu xingzuo, together with Du Tong jiletab and governor Yao Qisheng, defeated Liu GuoXuan. Wu xingzuo sent Wang Guotai and other generals to surrender Zheng Jing, Cai Chongxuan, Lin Zhong and other 385 soldiers, 12500 soldiers, 1200 refugees and 67 warships. Because of his military exploits, he won the first prize. In 1680, the 19th year of Kangxi, Wu xingzuo Shangshu said: "Zheng Jing occupied Xiamen, and all coastal creatures were poisoned by it. In the winter of last year, my minister built a new warship. Wan zhengse, the commander of the Navy, assigned his officers and men to practice in the sea from Min'an. As soon as the old warships are repaired and the Gunners from the south of the Yangtze River gather, they will go to Xiamen. " In February, Wan zhengse's army entered Haitan. Wu xingzuo, together with Ninghai general lahada and General Wang Ying, went to Tongan from Quanzhou to conquer the passes of Jizhou and Xunwei. Then he crossed the sea. Lahada went out of the Middle Road, Wang Ying went out of the right road, and Wu xingzuo went out of the left road. After the war with Zheng Jun, he defeated Zheng Jun and captured Xiamen. At that time, Wan zhengse had already captured Haitan, recruited Zheng Jing's General Zhu Tiangui and others, and sent troops to capture Jinmen. The rest of Zheng Jing went to Taiwan. When Emperor Kangxi heard of the victory, he issued an imperial edict. Wu xingzuo asked the people who stayed in Australia to defend in Fujian, avoid the rent of grain for the people in the wasteland, and reduce the closing of classes. Wan zhengse also asked to be stationed in Haicheng, Xiamen and other places. Kangxi ordered Wen Dai to Fujian to discuss the matter with them. After Wen Dai arrived, Yao Qisheng and Wen Dai said that Wan zhengse had conquered the sea altar, and Wu xingzuo had an appointment with Taiwan's Zhu Tiangui, and then they went to the army, but they didn't kill thieves and attack the city. After Wen Dai returned to the capital, the Ministry of war, according to his statement, regarded Wu xingzuo as a fraud. Emperor Kangxi ordered him to still discuss the Youxu, and granted him the title of rable Hapan and tuosha Hapan.

Governor of Guangdong and Guangdong

In 1681, Wu xingzuo was promoted to governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. As soon as Wu xingzuo took office, he wrote that Shang Zhixin had been extorting exorbitant taxes in Guangdong, which had harmed the people of Guangdong for decades. Salt port, ferry tax, tax head office, fishing class and other key, all play request exemption. Since the order of the Qing government to remove the boundary and forbid the sea was issued, most of the residents along the coast of Guangdong were unemployed. Wu xingzuo wrote to open the sea and let the people harvest and cultivate. Kangxi sent Du Zhen, the Minister of state, and Shi Zhu, the cabinet bachelor, to make a planning tour with Wu xingzuo, which benefited the soldiers and the people of Guangdong. Later, he said that the sea area of Chaozhou was very large. When businessmen and people were going to trade, they were afraid that some villains would hide. They should order the ships of the officers and soldiers of the DAHAO camp in Chenghai to be under the jurisdiction of Nan'ao Navy. They should contact Jieshi town to patrol the islands in the open sea. Kangxi ordered that his proposal be allowed. In the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), he wrote a request to set up a furnace to cast coins in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. He impeached Qian Jinxi and the imperial censor Wang Shangshu from falsely reporting the coins he had forged. The imperial court accused him, and the Qing court ordered him to keep them as vice Dutong.

Death due to western invasion

In 1692, Wu xingzuo was granted the right-wing Han Army Deputy Commander of Guihua City, and was soon demoted for his crime. In the 35th year of Kangxi (1696), Emperor Kangxi personally fought for gardan. Wu xingzuo originally worked in shakeshuertang, but later ordered him to go from Hutan Heshuo to Daning Xiaan shisantang. Soon, Wu xingzuo resumed his original official position. Wu xingzuo died in 1697 after returning to Beijing from the western expedition.

Main achievements

political phase

When Wu xingzuo took office as a magistrate of Wuxi County, there were a lot of problems in Wuxi County. The land in Wuxi County has not been cleared for a long time, and almost all the gentry and rich families have no land to pay taxes and grain to the state. Due to heavy taxation and labor, some farmers in Wuxi have broken down their homes and some fled. After Wu xingzuo took office, he immediately began to clear the land of the whole county, drawing and numbering the land, issuing land leases, levying taxes on the land, and telling the farmers that the land was the Yongye land that people would not return after their death and had been cultivated for generations. After Wu xingzuo's land clearance, the tax service of farmers was reduced, their income increased, and their enthusiasm for labor also increased. After working happily, they lived in peace. For a time, there was no escape of farmers in Wuxi County.

military phase

Wu xingzuo made great achievements in defending Fujian from the invasion of Zheng family in Taiwan, and he followed Kangxi in his later years to go to kardan. In April of the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), he was recommended by Shuai Yan, the governor of water transport, and was promoted to Fujian's inspector general. Qingqi to Guangze, appeased Geng Jingzhong, Chen long and other officials, and sent General CAI

Chinese PinYin : Wu Xing Zuo