LV liuliang

LV liuliang

Lu liuliang (1629-1683) was an outstanding scholar, thinker, poet, critic and publisher in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. It's also called Guanglun. It's called Guanglun. It's called Zhuangsheng and Huiyi. It's called Wancun. It's also called mingweng, Nanyang Buyi and lvyishanren. It's called Naike when it's old. It's not obscure. It's called old man. Chongde County, Zhejiang Province (now Chongfu Town, Tongxiang City, Zhejiang Province) people.

Shunzhi ten years for the examination of all students, after seclusion. During the reign of Kangxi, he refused to respond to the Hongbo battle of the Qing Dynasty. After his death, he was slaughtered in the 10th year of Yongzheng reign. His descendants and disciples either slaughtered the corpses, or decapitated them, or moved to slavery. His death was so fierce that he became the head of the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty.

Lu liuliang's works are mostly destroyed, and the extant works are collection of Mr. LV Wancun's works and Dongzhuang's poems.

Life of the characters

Lost parents since childhood

Lu liuliang was born on the 21st of the first month of the second year of Chongzhen (February 13, 1629). He was born into a feudal official family and was an official for generations in the Ming Dynasty. His father, Lu Yuanxue, once served as magistrate of Fanchang County. His main contribution was to complete the construction of Santai mountain in Fanchang County. Later, he resigned because of illness and returned to his hometown. He was kind and charitable. Lu Yuanxue's wife, Guo's, had three children for Yuanxue: Daliang, Maoliang and Yuanliang. After the first year of Tianqi (1621), LV Yuanxue married the Yang family and gave birth to his fourth son, Qu Liang.

In September 1628, the first year of Chongzhen, LV Yuanxue died of illness. Four months later, on the 21st day of the first month of the second year of Chongzhen (1629), the Yang family gave birth to his posthumous son, Lu liuliang, in the ancestral home of dengxianfang in Chongde county. Due to his father's early death, Yang was weak and ill. Liu Liang was supported by his third brother, Yuan Liang and his wife. At the age of three, his sister-in-law died, and he adopted his uncle Honglu Temple Cheng Yuanqi as his son.

At the age of eight, he was able to write. At the age of ten, his third brother was willing to build Cheng society in Chongde. More than 1000 southeast scholars gathered together, collected poems and commented on the government. He was deeply affected. In 1641, Sun Tzu dujianzheng publishing house was established in Chongfu Buddhist temple. When liuliang was 13 years old, he joined the society as a poet. He was greatly appreciated by his son and was regarded as a friend. Lu liuliang is erudite and versatile, and has 24 unique skills. "All the books about astronomy, divination, music, art of war, astrology, arithmetic, Linglan, Qingwu, Danjing and Fanzhi are well-known. The work of calligraphy forced Yan Shangshu and Mi Haiyue to change more closely later. When you are young, you can bend five stone arcs and hit at every turn. Yu Zhi's skills are excellent, such as holding a teapot, playing the lute, and copying inkstones. However, there are other gods, and people can't see their achievements and study hard. "

Defeat of anti Qing Dynasty

After the death of Ming Dynasty in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the third brother LV Yuanliang followed Shi Kefa to guard Yangzhou. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), LV liuliang and his nephew LV Xuanzhong scattered their wealth and recruited volunteers to fight against the Qing army. Xuanzhong once served as commander in chief. At that time, under the guidance of his friend Dong Shiyu, he contacted around and worked hard. The king of Lu, the governor of the state, granted Xuanzhong the title of Fuyi general, and gave him the imperial seal to return him to Taihu Lake to lead his troops to fight against the Qing Dynasty. After the war, the Qing troops were defeated in Lanxi (downstream of Taihu Lake, near Wuzhen). Xuanzhong demobilized his troops and became a monk in the mountain. Later, he was arrested and killed because of his father's illness. On the day of his death, Liu Liang saw him off. The hatred of the country and the family made liuliang feel very sad, and even "when he was young, he had hemoptysis, and Fang Lianggong (LV Xuanzhong) died, he vomited a few times, and almost died." Later, he called the collection of poems of this period Wan Gan Ji. As a result of the left side of the arrow in the anti Qing war, leaving a lifelong trauma. There is a poem in Li you Geng's poem, which says "the arrow's scar penetrates into the bone, the Yin is often painful, and the blood splashes on the tongue, and the clothes are washed and renewed". Yan Hongkui, one of his disciples, said: "Zi said that he had been hit by an arrow in zuogu, and he was often hurt by the rain."

In the winter of 1651, his brother LV Yuanliang died of poverty, disease, hunger and cold. Since his son Xuanzhong was dead, LV liuliang took care of his affairs. In the 11th year of Shunzhi (1655), Lu Wenfu invited LV liuliang to select the eight part essay together, and LV liuliang readily agreed. So they rented a house in Wumen market and engaged in commenting. Because they selected articles on five subjects from 1646 to 1654, the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty. Liu Liang's national integrity has a great influence on scholars and students.

To meet Confucians

After 16 years of Shunzhi, LV liuliang met Huang Zongxi, Huang Zongyan and Gao doukui. Lu liuliang became addicted to inkstones. He once said to himself, "if you are addicted to inkstones, you can't store less than 20 or 30." Lu liuliang's eldest son Bao Zhong called his father Lu liuliang "excellent at copying inkstones.". Huang Zongxi gave LV liuliang an octagonal inkstone as a gift. Lu Baozhong learned from Huang Zongxi at this time. Two years later, Mao Liang, the second elder brother, abandoned his studies and stayed in Meihua Pavilion of Youfang garden in the west gate of Chongde to teach his sons and nephews. In the second year of Kangxi (1663), Huang Zongxi was employed to teach in meihuage. Liuliang, together with Zongxi, Zongyan, Wu Zhizhen, Wu Zimu and Gao danzhong, gathered in the aquatic thatched cottage in the garden and wrote poems. He, together with Zhizhen and Zimu, compiled 94 volumes of song Shichao. Liu Liang wrote biographies for more than 80 selected poets of Song Dynasty.

In the fifth year of Kangxi (1665), the Zhejiang academic envoy went to Jiaxing to examine the students. He refused to take the exam and was dismissed. This shocked the society, and liuliang was happy. From then on, he retired to Dongzhuang, Nanyang Village, the suburb of Chongde (now liuliang Township, Tongxiang county). He opened the tiangailou engraving Bureau, continued to select and engrave articles for sale, and took the bag to practice medicine, so as to conceal himself. At that time, most of the friends of poetry and literature were scattered, and they worked with Zhang Luxiang, he Shangyin and Zhang Peicong, specializing in Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism, establishing Nanyang lecture school and teaching students. The body is hidden and the name is high. In 1668, Zhang Luxiang, a great Confucianist of Neo Confucianism, came to Dongzhuang to give lectures and "jointly invented the study of Luomin". On the other hand, he also engraved Cheng Zhu's posthumous letters, "to benefit scholars.". At this time, he continued to work on the selection of current articles. He opened the "tiangailou" engraving Bureau, and made his own engraving. At that time, the "tiangailou" anthology was popular all over the country. Through the selection of eight part essay, LV liuliang publicized his political ideas of "strict prevention of Yixia" and the restoration of "minefield" and "feudal" system. This is also the saying in xinglue that "there is nothing to vent about his comments. He sends them to the comments of the current articles and speaks out loud, regardless of what the world is afraid of." At this time, Lu liuliang had traveled frequently and wrote a considerable number of travel poems. Many of his poems are full of strong anti Qing consciousness. The collection of these 30 odd poems is entitled "Zhen La Ning Han Ji". In addition, Lu liuliang also made a group of new friends, such as Huang Yuji and Zhou Zaijun, and wrote a lot of harmony poems, all of which were included in the sporadic manuscript. Lu liuliang and Huang Zongxi broke up with each other because of their different aims.

Refuse to be a monk

In his later years, Lu liuliang was in the period when the Qing government combined hard and soft measures to strengthen the autocratic rule of the literati. In 1678, the Qing government began to study Hongci, trying to win over a group of celebrities at that time. The Zhejiang party first recommended LV liuliang, but he was only exempted from his resignation. Tang bin, his contemporaries, readily took the exam. Due to the lack of competition, he later won the middle and senior officials. In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), in order to further attract and soften the adherents of Ming Dynasty, the Qing government recruited the hermits from all over the world. Under the pressure, LV liuliang had to cut his hair to become a monk. He took the name of Naike, which was not ambiguous. He asked the old man for his name. He went to Miaoshan of Daixi in Wuxing, built Fengyu nunnery, lived in seclusion and gave lectures. There were many disciples. In the autumn of the 21st year of Kangxi, LV liuliang and his family members visited the South and North Lake three times. According to the itinerary, he wrote a group of travel poems and compiled a collection of poems called "Poems of the East general". At this time, the Qing Dynasty was becoming more and more stable, and Lu liuliang's thoughts of resisting the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty were basically in vain, which further increased his sense of cynicism.

Liuliang had premature senility. He was more than 40 years old. He had gray hair and more than half of his teeth. He had hemoptysis in his childhood. When he met with depression, he was immediately attacked. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Liu Liang revisited Hangzhou, and his poems were included in the collection of Qi. In August of that year, he died of illness at the age of 55. A few days before his death, he still tried his best to supplement "Zhu Zi's recent thoughts" and "Zhi Yan Ji", and wrote six pieces of "praying for death". His nephew and disciples advised him to have a rest, and replied: "I dare not give up my breath." On his deathbed, he encouraged the disciples to "study carefully and diligently" and warned future generations to abide by "filial piety and friendship". Suddenly, he said, "I have a breath in my nose. I have a breath out but not in." The disciple called "Sir" and liuliang replied, "everyone is like this!" The sound is half astringent and the meaning is clear. With the withdrawal of the public, bow to "arch other three or four.". So leisurely is Rong, stretch its foot, fork hand sleep away. After Liu Liang's death, "the people from far and near all mourned for the loss of the map and thought that Si Dao was unfortunate.". On August 17, he Shangyin came to pay homage and sobbed, "twenty years of friendship is over. Sad! Sad Chen zhizhai and Lu Jiashu held a memorial ceremony for Wen, Huang Zongyan wrote poems and cried, and Zha Shenxing also wrote a poem "mourning for the king in lvwancun". On November 29, liuliang was buried in the ancestral Tomb of Zhicun (in the west of changbanqiao in the east of Zhicun village tonight).

Mrs. fan has seven sons: Gong Zhong (Baozhong), Zhu Zhong, Bao Zhong, Jiao Zhong, bu Zhong, Na Zhong and Zhi Zhong (Yizhong).

Harm to posterity

After the death of LV liuliang, his disciples and Zeng Jing and others worshipped his words and broadcast for him. Later, Zeng Jing instigated Yue Zhongqi, governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, to rebel. The defendant was sent to prison, implicating two of Lv's students. Lu was also slaughtered and his works burned.

After the revolution of 1911, unjust cases were redressed. Tang Shouqian, governor of Zhejiang Province, worshipped three sages in Penggong Temple of West Lake, and listed liuliang as one of them. In order to build new tombs and memorial pavilions, the county magistrate and local gentry built monuments at the Confucius Temple. Cai Yuanpei wrote letters and couplets for them, and erected monuments for immortality. Today, there are liuliang and Wancun townships in the county

Chinese PinYin : Lv Liu Liang