Yijing

Yijing

Yijing (635-713) was born in Qizhou (now Jinan, Shandong Province) of the Tang Dynasty. He was born in Fanyang (now southwest of Beijing City), and his common surname was Zhang. The word civilization. Buddhist Scripture translators in Tang Dynasty.

He became a monk when he was young. He was brilliant in nature. He visited famous virtues and read many books. In the 15th year of his life, he admired the journey to the west by Faxian and Xuanzang. At the age of 20, he was given a full commandment.

In the second year of Xianheng (671), he went to Tianzhu (today's India) via Haidao (today's Guangzhou) and Palembang (today's India). After visiting Jiufeng, Jizushan, Luyeyuan, zhiyuanjingshe and other Buddhist relics one by one, he went to nalantao temple for 11 years and then to Sumatra for 7 years. He traveled to more than 30 countries, and wrote 40 biographies. When he returned home, he brought about 400 Buddhist scriptures and 300 relics to Luoyang. Empress Wu went to Shangdong gate to greet him and lived in the Buddhist temple. He once participated in the translation field of Shi Cha Nan Tuo. He is one of the famous translators of Buddhism in China. A total of 61 classics, laws and treatises, 239 volumes, were translated.

Later, he took part in the new translation of Huayan Sutra and the Chinese translation of commandments, knowledge only and esoteric books. From the second year of Shengli (699) to the second year of Jingyun (711), it took 12 years to translate 56 books, with a total of 2300 volumes. Among them, most of the ancient books of the law department were written by him. Today, most of the laws such as Pinaiye are handed down by him. He is known as the four great translators together with kumarashi, Zhendi and Xuanzang. In addition to his translation, he often taught his later studies with Lu fan, which is widely spread in Jingluo.

He has written four volumes of biography of Nanhai Jigui Neifa and two volumes of biography of eminent monks seeking Dharma in the western regions of Tang Dynasty, and first spread the method of Indian Pinyin. It contains the life, customs and habits of the monks in the South China Sea, which is an important material for understanding India at that time.

In the first month of the second year of his birth, he died and lived 79 years. The tower was built in Longmen, Luoyang.

Spratly Islands has a meaning reef as a souvenir.

Personal profile

At the age of 14, Yijing became a monk, admiring Gao Feng, who was Faxian and Xuanzang. He went to Luoyang to study Dui fa (collection theory) and shelun, and then to Chang'an to study jushe and Weishi.

In the first year of Xianheng, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (670), he made an appointment with his classmates Chuyi and Honghong to travel to the West in Chang'an, but Chuyi failed to make the trip, and Honghong stopped in Jiangning. Later, he passed by Danyang, accompanied by xuankui.

The following year (671), when he was sitting in Yangzhou for summer, he met Feng Xiaoquan, the governor of Gongzhou (now Pingnan County, Guangxi Autonomous Region), who was going to take office. He went to Guangzhou with Feng's financial support. In November of this year, he took a Persian merchant ship pan Hainan from Guangzhou. At this time, only the good deeds of his disciples accompanied him. They traveled 20 days to Sri Lanka (now Sumatra) and stayed for six months to study the statement.

When Shanxing returned to his country due to illness, he sailed alone across the sea. At the end of his journey, he passed through Luo Yu (later changed to siliver), jietan and other countries. In February of the fourth year of Xianheng (673), he arrived in the East India, where he met another Tang monk, Mahayana lantern, who had lived there for many years, and stayed for one year to learn Sanskrit. Later, they went to China and India together with the merchants to pay homage to the holy sites. He went to study in more than 30 countries and studied in Nalanda temple for 11 years. He got close to the famous teachers of Nalanda temple at that time, studied yoga, Zhongguan, Yinming and jushe, and went to the altar with master Daolin repeatedly. Finally, he obtained nearly 400 Sanskrit Tripitaka and more than 50000 chants.

In the third year of chuigong (687), he returned to China and passed away by shiliver. He stayed there for more than two years and engaged in translation. In order to obtain paper and ink and a writer, he went back to Guangzhou with a merchant ship in the first year of Yongchang (689). With the help of Zhen Gu's lawyer, he returned to Sri Lanka and died in November. He translated and copied Sanskrit texts.

In the second year of Tianshu reign (691), he sent Dajin back to China to send back his newly translated Sutra and treatise on Nanhai Jigui Zhuan. In the first year of Zhengsheng (695), he left Shili Buddha with zhengu and Daohong, and returned to Luoyang. He was warmly welcomed and lived in the Buddhist temple. He first translated Huayan Sutra in Shicha NANTUO, dafuxian temple and xichongfu temple.

After the first year of Jiushi (700), he organized the translation field and translated independently. From then on until the second year of Jingyun (711), Ruizong translated and wrote a total of 61 classics, 239 volumes (107, 428 volumes under "chijianfu Temple Fanjing" in Zhenyuan records).

Although he translated all over Sanzang, he specialized in the Department of law. In his spare time, he often carefully carried out his daily important law teaching and apprenticeship, protected students, cleaned the bottle, strictly observed the rules, established a new model, learned from monks, and spread them all over Jingluo. In the first month of the second year of Emperor Xuanzong's birth (713), he died in fanjingyuan, dajianfu temple, Chang'an, at the age of 70.

Life track

Set out to go west

When Yijing was seven years old, his parents sent him to Tuku temple, 40 miles southwest of Qizhou, to learn from two mages, Shanyu and Huizhi. Master Shanyu is knowledgeable and versatile, proficient in Buddhist scriptures, and has a deep research on six arts, astronomy, geography, yin and Yang, calendar and calculation. Zen master Huizhi has studied Fahuajing for decades and has profound attainments. Under their guidance, Yijing mastered rich cultural knowledge and laid a solid foundation in Buddhism. In the 20th year of Zhenguan (646), when master Shanyu died, Yijing studied with Zen master Huizhi and concentrated on the cultivation of Buddhist canons. "He worked hard day and night for six times, but never got tired. He led four generations to forget fatigue.". In the 22nd year of Zhenguan period, Yijing was formally a monk. After years of hard work, Yijing has made great progress in his studies. Huizhi saw that he had a bright future, so he advised him to study abroad. Yijing left Tuku temple and came to Luoyang and Chang'an, the Buddhist centers.

In Luoyang, the eastern capital of China, Yijing studied duifa and shelun, and the level of Buddhism was improved. However, at that time, various schools of Buddhism had different opinions, and the records and explanations of ancient books were not unified with each other, so Yijing had all kinds of doubts in his study. So he came to Chang'an again and studied the classics of "Ju she" and "Wei Zhi", but his doubts did not diminish. In order to dispel the doubts, Yi Jing thought that she had to go to India to seek the Buddhist scriptures. In the first year of Xianheng (670), he met master Chuyi of Bingzhou and master Hongyi of Laizhou in Chang'an. They all shared the same ideals and agreed to go to India to learn Buddhist scriptures. At that time, there were three main roads to India. The "Silk Road" on land was blocked by the turmoil in the western regions, while the Tubo road was not only difficult and dangerous, but also often affected by the relationship between Tang and Tubo. Relatively speaking, the sea route is relatively smooth. The Tang Dynasty was rich and powerful. South and West Asian countries came to trade one after another. Ships gathered in Guangzhou. It became the unanimous choice of Yijing people to go to India by merchant ship to seek Buddhist scriptures. After deliberation, they made an appointment to leave Jingdong and leave because of their mother's high age. Hongyi went to Jiangning. When Yijing and others passed through Danyang, xuankui joined them. In the second year of Xianheng (671), Yijing sat in Yangzhou. In autumn, he accepted the invitation of Feng Xiaoquan from Gongzhou (now Pingnan, Guangxi) and arrived in Guangzhou together. Feng Xiaoquan and his family all believed in Buddhism and had rich family resources. They admired Yijing's ambition to learn Buddhist scriptures from the west, so they subsidized the cost of his journey to the West. Feng Xiaoquan and the Persian shipowner agreed that Xu Yijing and others would go to India by boat. At that time, Guangzhou was the center of maritime transportation in the south of the Tang Dynasty. There were ships from Brahman, Persia, shiziguo, Dashi and other countries in the harbor. These ships were generally large in size, and their depth was often six or seven feet, which met the requirements of maritime navigation. Knowing the difficulty of going to India, Yijing returned to Qizhou while waiting for the boat to say goodbye to Zen master Huizhi and other teachers and friends in his hometown. When they return to Guangzhou, only the good deeds of the disciples can be found among the fellow travelers, and the others give up for some reason

Learning from the classics

After leaving Guangzhou, Yijing arrived in Sri Lanka (now Sumatra) about 20 days later. This geographical location is very important, and it is the main sea route from China to India. Yi Jing lived here for half a year and studied phonology. During this period, the only fellow disciple Shanxing was unable to move forward due to illness and was forced to return home. In May and June of the third year of Xianheng (672), Jing went to the kingdom of moroyu at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula. From Mo Luoyu to the kingdom of gyadah, he arrived at the kingdom of naked man. After half a month's journey to the northwest, he arrived at damolidi. Damolidi is the southern boundary of East Tianzhu. Yijing lived here for more than a year and learned Sanskrit from monks. Dachengdeng was originally from aizhou (now Qinghua, Vietnam). When he was a child, he moved with his parents to the kingdom of Duhe lobodi. Later, he became a monk and received a full commandment from Xuanzang in Chang'an. When he sailed to India, he was robbed by robbers and was forced to stay for 12 years. Although damolidi is not far away from nalandao temple in zhongtianzhu, there are often strong people on the way, which is very unsafe. They waited for an opportunity to accompany hundreds of businessmen to China. Unfortunately, Yi Jing got sick on the way, and fell behind the others. He was robbed and humiliated by a strong man, and almost died. However, Yi Jing persisted to the end, caught up with the brigade, and came to nalantao temple.

After arriving at nalandao temple, Yijing traveled northward to visheli Kingdom, northwestward to Juyi Najie, and southwestward to luyuanjiling, northeast of polonai city. After that, he returned to nalandao temple to learn from famous monks such as baoshizi and Zhiyue, to study yoga, Zhongguan, Yinming and jushelism, to translate Buddhist classics, and to investigate Indian Buddhist rules and social customs. In the past 11 years, we have been conscientious and enterprising. About the first year of chuikong (685), Yijing left India by boat and returned to the East. Three years later, he arrived at Shriver and died. He stayed for more than two years and devoted himself to translation and writing. In order to get paper and pen, he went back to Guangzhou with the merchant ship in the first year of Yongchang (689) and got it

Chinese PinYin : Yi Jing