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Tongshu (1254-1331) yuan educator. The word kuanfu. Jingzhao is a native of Taiyuan.

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His ancestral home is Wenshui County, Shanxi Province. His fifth ancestor moved to Guanzhong, so he was born in Fengyuan Road (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). At the age of 13, he went to Kui Township school with books. I have no intention to be an official, but I have been called many times. Zhao shiting, the imperial censor of the western Taiwan, came to build Luzhai Academy in the Yuan Dynasty. With his experience, he came to study for thousands of years. Yanyou six years (1319), to Fengyi doctor, Prince Zuo zanshan call, into the crown prince, experience Chen ancient road, do enlightened self-cultivation. In the first year of Zhihe (1328), he paid homage to Ji Xian and studied as a scholar. Learning from Confucius and Cheng Zhu, he said, "we should carry out the principle of great affairs to facilitate the practice." Educate the students and enlighten them repeatedly to make them more interesting. In his whole life, he was "a ruthless scholar of stone, but gathered tens of thousands of books.". Bian Qi lived in "Jue (JU) an" in Japan. It is as famous as Xiao He (left big + double eyes, right fight), and called "Xiao Tong". He is the author of the collection of ju'an.

Life of the characters

Tongshu's distant ancestor lived in Wenshui, Taiyuan. His father followed him. He was erudite and capable of writing, and wrote Yushan collection. When he was young, Tong Shu studied with Mr. Zhang Yanming of yizhai. He wrote thousands of words in his diary and came first in the examination of the township school. Zhang Qiyu's comments are as follows: the explanation of meaning and theory, the clear diction, should be the leader of the meeting. Since then, "virtue has been cultivated and reputation has been growing.". During the Zhiyuan period, the imperial court hired him as an official of the Ministry of rites, but he declined. In the 31th year of Zhiyuan (1294), Wang Yexian hired him to write the book Shizu Shilu. After the book was finished, he lived in seclusion to teach without seeking knowledge. In 1311, Emperor Renzong of Yuan Dynasty took over the throne and sent envoys to Tongshu's house three times. He was appointed as the Minister of Guozi and a scholar, but he refused. The imperial court approved Zhao Shiyan's proposal to establish Luzhai Academy in Fengyuan. By Tongshu. After he entered the Academy, he trained more than 1000 students. During the reign of Yanyou, he set up a new course of Confucian practice. The imperial court invited him and Xiao Jia to preside over the examination. In the autumn of 1316, Tongshu was an examiners again. He accepted examinees in strict accordance with the order of examination results. His fair and strict practice was widely praised by people at that time. In the sixth year of Yanyou reign (1319), Tongshu was elected to the imperial court and became the crown prince Zuo zanshan and Fengyi, who were responsible for educating and training the crown prince. In 1320, Yingzong took over the throne, and Tongshu retired and went home. In the first year of Zhihe (1328), the imperial court appointed Tongshu as Jixian Shidu bachelor. He declined because he was old and sick. In 1331, he died at the age of 78. As a gift to the academician, he went to Jingzhao county to receive his posthumous title of Wenzhen. Tongshu's dissemination of Confucianism is of positive significance for melting the backward tribal consciousness and the residual slavery thoughts of Mongolian nobles.

Achievement status

Tong Shu wrote 30 volumes of ju'an collection in his life, which was lost for a long time. In Yongle Dadian, he compiled 10 volumes of articles and 5 volumes of poems. Tongshu's works "do not whitewash, but in the honest and unsophisticated, when the dew of the gas of precipitous and precipitous.". Lu you was his poet, and Zhou Bida was his model. His annals and records are important materials for later generations to study the history of Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In philosophy, Tongshu advocates Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism. His teaching method is to guide students, and gradually lead students to the right path. He is eager to learn and has no spare food at home, but he has a collection of thousands of books. His motto is: "it's better to have no desire than to ask for it from others; it's better to make people cheap than to settle for it.". He treats people sincerely and modestly. When people discuss with him, it's like sitting in the spring breeze and drinking wine. For this reason, people are willing to communicate with each other. Xiao Jia, who is a Taoist, often associates with Tongshu, and they have a close relationship. At that time, people called it "Xiao Tong". the way of being a person and learning of a generation of great Confucians is still worth learning.

Collection of books

Yuan Dynasty is a book collector and educator. The word kuanfu, a kuanfu. His ancestral home was Taiyuan, and later he moved to Fengyuan in Qin Dynasty (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). When he was young, he used books to study in Kui Township school. Zhao Shiyan, the censor of Xingtai in Shaanxi Province, invited him to Luzhai academy to learn from him, and his disciples were more than a thousand scholars. He did not want to be an official all his life. In Yuan Dynasty, he was recommended to work in the Ministry of rites, but he refused to do so. In Renzong's time, when he was a minister of state affairs, he did not work. In the sixth year of Yanyou's reign (1319), Zuo zanshan, a doctor of Fengyi, came to the east palace. He returned to the east palace with illness the next year. In the first year of Zhihe (1328), he paid homage to Ji Xian and studied as a scholar. His studies were traced back to Confucius and Mencius from Cheng Zhu. In his life, he had no other hobby but to collect tens of thousands of books with the company of literature and history. There is a library called "Yi'an". Because of his erudition, he was called Mr. kuanfu in the village instead of surname, and was presented to Hanlin as a gift. He is the author of 15 volumes of the collection of Yi'an.

Chinese PinYin : Tong Shu