Sikong Tu

Sikong Tu

Sikongtu (837-907) was born in Yuxiang Township in Hezhong (now Yongji, Yuncheng, Shanxi). He is a poet and poeticist in the late Tang Dynasty. The word table saint, since the name know not son, also known as the disgrace of the hermit. Tang Yizong Xiantong ten years (869) exam, promoted to the first scholar, Yizong Dynasty had been called as the palace Shi Yushi.

In the fourth year of Tianfu (904), Zhu Quanzhong was called as the Minister of rites. Sikongtu pretended to be old and not to do anything, and was released. In 907, Tang Dynasty died. He died of hunger strike at the age of 71. Sikong Tu's achievements mainly lie in his poetics, and twenty four poems is an immortal work. There are three volumes in the book.

biographies

Biographies of Sikongtu in New Tang Dynasty

Sikongtu, a character of shengbiao, is a native of Yuxiang in the middle of the river. Father Yu, there is air drying. In the picture, Xiantong was promoted to be a Jinshi at the end of the reign, and Wang Ning, the Minister of rites, was rewarded. He was demoted to Shangzhou by Russia and Ning. He wanted to be a confidant. He set up a shogunate to worship Xuanshe. He was summoned to serve as the imperial censor in the palace. He couldn't bear to go to Ningfu and impeach the emperor. He moved to Guanglu temple and divided it into Dongdu. Lu Jie, the former prime minister, was often with you during the Kato Festival. Carrying back the Dynasty and passing through Shaanxi and Guo, Lu Wo, an observation envoy, said, "the imperial censor of Sikong is also a high scholar." Wo is the assistant. The society brought back to power, called wailang, a member of the Ministry of rites, and sought to move the doctor.

Huang Chao is trapped in Chang'an. He will not be able to move forward. Tuti had slave Duan Zhang who was trapped by a thief. He held the picture and said, "the general I advocate likes corporal, but you can see it. There is no empty death in the ditch." Zhang sobbed as he refused to go. Then he ran to Xianyang and closed to the middle of the river. Fu Zong's second wind, that is, the line in the worship of Zhi Zhi Zhi Gao, moved to the middle of the book. After hunting Baoji, not from, but also the river. At the beginning of the Longji period, he paid homage to the old officials to relieve the disease. Jing Fuzhong, a doctor, did not go. After that, he was summoned by the Minister of the Ministry of household to thank the que, and he was led away in a few days. In China, Zhao Zong called and worshipped the Minister of the Ministry of war, and begged himself with foot disease. When he moved to Luoyang, Liu can wanted to be a thief and a minister. He killed all the talents and hopes in the world and helped to mourn the royal family. He ordered the royal family to enter the imperial court. He fell to Wat in Guyang, which was very interesting. Can know no intention in the world, but listen also.

In the middle of the picture, there was a mountain, a valley of kings and officials, and there was an ancestor's field, so it could not be hidden. The pavilion and the plain room were designed for the scholars of Xingjie in Tang Dynasty. The famous Pavilion said XiuXiu, and the composition said: "XiuXiu is beautiful, and it is beautiful. Therefore, according to the quantity of talents, one should be given up; according to the score, two should be given up; when one is old, one should be given up; when one is old, one should be given up; when one is old, one should be given up; when one is old, one should be given up; when one is old, one should be given up; when one is old, one should be given up; when one is old, one should be given up; when Because I am a disgrace tolerant resident. His words are not often quirky, so as to avoid disaster at that time. Yu is a tomb and coffin. In the event of victory, he leads the guests to write poems and drink wine.

When the guest is in trouble, the picture says, "why don't you spread evil? Life and death are the same. I'd rather travel here for a while." when I am old, I pray and encourage in the temple. The picture is happy with the old people in Luli. Wang chongrong's father and son, yachongzhi, gave a number of gifts and accepted them. Taste as a monument, give thousands of silk, map home Yuxiang City, people can take it, one day. When the bandits had been cruel, they could not enter the valley of the kings, so the scholars took refuge. Zhu Quanzhong had usurped the throne and was called as the Minister of rites. Ai Di killed, Gu Wen, died without food, 72 years old. No son, nephew as the heir, taste impeachment for the censor, Zhaozong is not responsible.

Life of the characters

be an official

Sikong Tu had been a Zhi Zhi Gao of Tang Dynasty, and was a scholar of Zhongshu. He was born in a family of medium-sized officials. His great grandfather, grandfather and father were all officials to the doctor. Sikong Tu, who was known in history as a scholar, was not well known in the countryside. Later, his articles were appreciated by Wang Ning, the governor of Jiangzhou. When Wang Ning returned to the imperial court, he served as the Minister of rites. He knew Gongju. Sikong Tu took an exam in the 10th year of Xiantong (869 AD) of Yizong of Tang Dynasty, and was promoted to the first rank. He was 33 years old at that time. He was praised by Wang Ning and gained a good reputation. Soon after, Wang Ning was demoted to be the governor of Shangzhou. Sikong Tu felt grateful and asked him to accompany him. In 877, Wang Ning became Xuanshe's observation envoy and called him to be the shogunate. In the second year, the imperial court granted Sikongtu a royal censor. Because he couldn't bear to leave Wang Ning, he was delayed and moved to Guanglu temple. Bo, the leader of Guanglu temple, was assigned to Luoyang, the eastern capital. At that time, Lu was living in Luoyang. He loved his talent and personality very much and often traveled with each other. Once upon a time, Lu Jie passed by Sikong Tu's house and wrote a poem on the wall, praising him: "Sikong GUI is the surname, and Yushi is the official rank. If I'm here, I don't need to read tunqi. " Later, Lu took him back to court, called Sikong Tu to be wailang, a member of the Ministry of rites, and sought to move the doctor.

In the first year of Guangming (880), the Yellow nest uprising army invaded Chang'an. Duan Zhang, a slave of Sikong Tu's younger brother, took part in the Huangchao uprising. He enthusiastically publicized the various benefits of the uprising army to him and advised him to welcome the uprising army. He refused and went back to his hometown. Later, when he heard that Fu Zong was in Fengxiang, he went to visit him and was granted the title of Zhi Zhi Gao and Zhong Shu she Ren. In the second year of Guangming, Fu Zong fled to Chengdu. He failed to follow him and returned to the river. From then on until his death for more than 20 years, Sikong Tu basically lived a passive seclusion life, and most of his poems and poetics were written in this period.

Seclusion

Sikongtu was born in a bureaucratic landlord class family, and was in the era of the Huangchao uprising and the collapse of the Tang Dynasty. In the great turbulence of history, he did not have the courage to face the reality, so he took a life attitude of seclusion. After returning to his hometown, he did not communicate with the common people, nor did he contact the government. Instead, he "took a pot of idle sun and moon, and went deep into Wuling river with a long song" (Ding Weisui's return to the valley of King Guan) ", and" the Nong family had its own Qilin Pavilion, and only appreciated poems for its first fame. " (see apricot blossom in Wucun village under Liji mountain) at that time, Wang chongrong brothers guarded Hanzhong and admired his reputation. They often gave him many gifts, but he refused to accept them. Later, they cheated him into writing inscriptions and gave him thousands of silk. Sikongtu piled up the silk in Yuxiang city for everyone to use. Later, he settled in the ancestral villa of wangguangu in Zhongtiao Mountain. In this "paradise" where "spring stone forest Pavilion, quite known as the interest of Seclusion", he sang with eminent monks and celebrities every day. When Tang Zhaozong ascended the throne, he was summoned to the court several times. He paid homage to the people, remonstrated the officials, served as the Minister of the Ministry of household and the Minister of the Ministry of war. He refused to accept his old illness. Therefore, he built a pavilion in wangguangu manor, named xiuxiuting, and wrote a story of xiuxiuting to show his ambition: "xiuxiuting is beautiful. It's both leisure and beauty. If we call them talented, one should be retired; if we judge them, two should be retired; if we are old, three should be retired. If they are not used to help the time, they should rest. " He also called himself "zhifeizi" and "naishao Jushi", and wrote another song "naishao Jushi song", repeatedly chanting "XiuXiu, Momo", expressing his mind of "better not to go out".

His family has a collection of 7400 volumes, many of which are Taoist and Buddhist scriptures. According to his poem, "the Nong family has its own Qilin Pavilion, and only poems are appreciated for their first fame.". His "Qilin Pavilion" should be the place for his collection of books.

Die for the Tang Dynasty

In the fourth year of Tianfu (904), Zhu Quanzhong supported the government, moved the capital to Luoyang, and called Sikongtu as the Minister of rites. He pretended to be old and did not do anything, and was released. In 907, Tang Dynasty died. He died on hunger strike at the age of 71.

Achievements of Poetics

Poetic theory

Most of Sikong Tu's poems express the leisure of landscape reclusion, and the content is very indifferent. He also wrote a poem to express: "if there are worries in the poem, you still need to guard against them. Don't worry about injustice in the poem." In the history of literature, he is famous for his poetics. His twenty four poems is a reflection of the high development of Tang poetry in theory, and a masterpiece of pure art theory of poetry at that time. In twenty four poems, the artistic expression of poetry is divided into twenty-four styles, such as forceful, implicit, quirky, natural, and Xianlian. Each style is one piece, and each piece is illustrated by twelve visualized four character rhymes. It has a profound influence on the literary criticism and creation of later generations.

Sikong Tu's theory of poetry developed Yin Yu's and Jiao Ran's theory, paying attention to the implicit charm and the mellow artistic conception of Qingyuan, advocating the "purpose beyond taste" and "close but not floating, far but not full" of "the purpose beyond rhyme" (with Li Sheng's book of poetry), and paying attention to the "image outside image, scene outside scene" (with Jipu's book). He praised Wang Wei's and Wei Yingwu's poetic style of "interesting and clear style", but criticized Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi for their "strength and weakness" (commenting on poetry with Wang Jia). He also praised Li Bai's and Du Fu's works and Han Yu's poems for their surging momentum and "strange changes in the shape of things" (preface to the collection of Liuzhou and Liuzhou), but they were not unique. In his book of poems with Li Sheng, he once quoted some of his favorite poems, such as early spring, mountains, Jiangnan, saixia, dejected, Daogong, Xiajing, Buddhist temples, suburban gardens, Yuefu, loneliness, coziness and so on. Most of these poems express leisure and leisure, but prefer quiet beauty. Some of his works, such as "autumn thinking", "xiwangjiaxiaoyi's visit to Chongyang", "crazy topic", "occasional book", "Hehuang Yougan" and so on, also reveal his sad embrace.

"Twenty four poems" is his monograph on poetry, referred to as "poetry". Among them, the artistic style and artistic conception of poetry can be divided into twenty-four categories: vigorous, diluted, delicate, calm, high ancient, elegant, refined, vigorous, beautiful, natural, implicit, bold and unconstrained, spiritual, meticulous, sparse, strange, sad, sad, descriptive, super attainable, elegant, broad-minded, flowing and so on. Each category is described by twelve four character rhymes, which also involves the author's thinking I want to improve my self-cultivation and writing skills. It is different from Zhong Rong's "Shi pin" in the content of commenting on the origin of writers' works.

Shi pin has a wide influence in creating the form of literary criticism. The imitations include Yuan Mei's continuation of poetry, Gu Han's supplement of poetry, Ma rongzu's Wen song, Xu fengen's Wen pin, Wei Qiansheng's 24 Fu pin and Guo Yu's Ci pin.

Aesthetic thought

Sikong Tu's aesthetic thought includes many levels. In his representative aesthetic work twenty four poems, there are not only various interpretations of style theory, but also various connotations

Chinese PinYin : Si Kong Tu