Wang Yucheng

Wang Yucheng

Wang Yucheng (954-1001), the character of Yuanzhi, was a giant savage in Jeju. The poet, essayist and famous minister in the early Song Dynasty were demoted because they dared to remonstrate. In the eighth year of the Taiping rejuvenation of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a Jinshi. He successively served as Youshi, zuosijian, zhizhigao and Hanlin. He dared to speak out and remonstrate, so he was relegated many times. Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne, summoned and returned the throne. Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou, so he was called the king of Huangzhou. Later, he moved to Qizhou and died.

Wang Yucheng was the pioneer of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, the poets Du Fu and Bai Juyi, mostly reflected the social reality and had a fresh and plain style. There is only one poem left, which reflects the author's political ambition of using the world actively, with fresh and broad style. He is the author of 30 volumes of Xiao Zhu Ji and Shi que Wen of Five Dynasties.

Life of the characters

Wang Yucheng was born in a poor family. Both "Dongdu shilue" and "history of the Song Dynasty · Ben Zhuan" said that he was a farmer. Shao's Wenjian Houlu said that "his family made a living by grinding noodles". He was able to write at the age of nine. In 983, Taizong of the Song Dynasty ascended the Jinshi Section and was granted the title of Chengwu County (now Chengwu County, Shandong Province) and moved to Dali to comment on the affairs. In the following year (984), he was appointed magistrate of Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). He is full of ambition for his official career. He once stated in the poem "my life is not without time, my ambition is not inferior, I hope you will be Yao and Shun, and my studies are rooted in Kongji". He was upright and vowed to "sharpen and break the sycophantic sword, and set up the flag of straightforwardness".

In the first year of Duangong (988), he called for an examination, promoted himself to the right, collected and established the Museum of history. He immediately remonstrated and criticized the luxurious life of the imperial palace with Duangong Zhen. Later, he paid homage to Zuo Si for advice and made patent.

In the second year of Chunhua (1991), Lu Zhou nun dao'an falsely accused Xu Xuan, a famous philologist. At that time, Yu Cheng was appointed as Dali's judge, who framed Xu Xuanxue's law enforcement, and resisted the accusation of dao'an's false accusation. He offended Taizong and was demoted as the Deputy envoy of tuanlian in Shangzhou (now Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province).

In the fourth year of Chunhua (993), he was transferred to Jiezhou (now Shanxi). In the autumn of the same year, it was recalled to the capital, and soon it was released, and then it was recalled. As a member of the Ministry of rites, Wai Lang knows how to make a patent again. In the first year of Emperor Taizong's reign (995), he served as a scholar of Hanlin. Later, he demoted Chuzhou (now Chuzhou, Anhui Province) as a doctor of the Ministry of industry for slandering the imperial court, and changed to Yangzhou the next year.

Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne (in 997), and then called him to the capital. He knew how to prepare the imperial edict again. He wrote that he should "respect the border defense", "reduce redundant soldiers and redundant officials" and so on. He was demoted from the capital in the second year of Xianping (999) to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province).

In the fourth year of Xianping (1001), Qizhou (now Qichun, Hubei Province) was changed in winter. He died within a month and was 48 years old.

Both the history of the Song Dynasty and Dongdu shilue have their own biographies. It is also recorded in Wu Zhong Xian Pu compiled by Su Wen.

Su Shi wrote "the portrait of Wang Yuanzhi praise and preface", said that he was "independent in the world with a strong wind", "Geng ran like autumn frost, summer, can't play.".

Ouyang Xiu admired Wang Yucheng very much. When he was in Chuzhou, he paid attention to his portrait and wrote the portrait of Wang Yuanzhi.

Wang Yucheng compiled 30 volumes of the collection of small animals. The name of the collection comes from the book of changes: "the image of a small animal says," it is popular in the sky, and it is a small animal. ". A gentleman should be virtuous. Today, there are four series, 13 volumes of Xiao Zhu Wai Ji compiled by his great grandson Wang Fenli, and sun Xinghua's printed edition in the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty. The chronicle of Wang Yucheng's deeds and works by Xu GUI collected many lost poems and articles.

Political views

Wang Yucheng was incorruptible and concerned about the sufferings of the people. He was upright and had the courage to remonstrate when faced with problems. He was not afraid of power and took it as his duty to practice the Tao. Three times in my life, I was attacked by demoted officials, but I wrote "three dethroned Fu", which states that "I will not bend to the way of the body, and I will not lose anything if I am demoted; I should keep my integrity, and I will admire my benevolence and righteousness, and hope to do it all my life", which shows my indomitable strong will.

Wang Yucheng advocated reform in politics and put forward many suggestions to the imperial court. In duangongzhen, preface to three admonitions, ten strategies of Yurong and Yingzhao yanshishu, he put forward some ideas which were beneficial to the national economy and the people's livelihood, such as paying attention to farming, saving money, appointing talents, restraining the powerful, respecting border defense, reducing redundant soldiers and officials, and eliminating monks and nuns Zhenzong adopted it, but it opened the way for Fan Zhongyan and others to carry out the Qingli reform.

Wang Yucheng's enterprising spirit and positive attitude in politics is the important reason why he can adhere to the fine tradition in literature. His poetic style is Bai Juyi, and later he deliberately carried forward the realistic tradition of Du Fu and Bai Juyi. "Ben and Rakuten are backward, ganqizimei is the predecessor", which represents his respect for DU and Bai. Therefore, we can say that he was not only a pioneer of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, but also a feudal scholar who was aware of the people's situation, concerned about the people's sufferings and had great ambition to serve the country.

Literary ideas

Wang Yucheng was one of the most successful writers in the early Song Dynasty. His creation of poetry and prose was outstanding, which promoted the change of the style of poetry and prose in the early Song Dynasty. There are many schools of poetry in the early Song Dynasty, but they are mainly "Bai style", "Xikun style" and "late Tang style". Wang Yucheng belongs to "Bai ti".

ancient Chinese prose

He was one of the excellent writers who first rose up in the early Northern Song Dynasty to oppose the prevailing literary style since the end of Tang Dynasty and advocated plain and simple writing. Wang Yucheng advocated "the change of sentence and the change of meaning" (reply to Zhang Fushu), opposed to the obscure, and carved sentences, which opened up the way for the later poetry innovation movement of Ouyang Xiu, Mei Yaochen and others, so it was highly valued by later generations. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the literary world followed the decadent style of late Tang and Five Dynasties. In order to get rid of this kind of malpractice, Wang Yucheng advocated inheriting the spirit of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan's ancient prose movement under the banner of reviving the classics. He advocated "learning from the six classics far away", "learning from the official department near Han Yu", and writing ancient prose of "preaching and understanding the heart". He especially emphasized that "it's a must" and the article should be "sentence change", "meaning change", which gave full play to the theory and practice of Han Yu's ancient prose. His prose works are full of content, emotion and language. "Waiting for the leakage of the court" is a political commentary, which puts forward the topic of "the government of a country, the life of ten thousand people, is suspended in the prime minister". It exhorts the rulers to be diligent and love the people, instead of "stealing the position and earning the salary, preparing the staff and the whole body". It is righteous and strict, with sharp strokes.

His representative work, the story of the newly built bamboo house in Huangzhou, was written in the period of demoting Huangzhou. In this paper, we try our best to play up the joy of being relegated, depicting the cheap bamboo building with labor-saving charm, implicitly showing a kind of resentment. The article is full of parallelism, beautiful tone and poetic flavor. The story of tanghedian woman tells the story of an old woman who killed the enemy tactfully in the border area. It also uses the theme to denounce the improper military and political measures of those in power. It has vivid characters and sincere comments. In addition, Lu Hai Ren Shu and Da Zhang Fu Shu are his representative works. As the most important essayist in the early Song Dynasty, his ancient prose theory and creation had a great influence on the formation of prose style in the Song Dynasty. Su Shi said that he was "independent in the world with his heroic writing" and "Geng Ran is like autumn frost and summer, so you can't have sex with him" (a preface to Wang Yuanzhi's portraits).

In terms of literary theory, Wang Yucheng put forward preaching, understanding the mind and having words and articles. Wang Yucheng said in his reply to Zhang Fushu: "husband's writing is to preach and understand his mind." In addition to preaching, he also asked the text to show his mind, that is, to express his political opinions and inner feelings in the text of preaching. Besides "preaching", Wang Yucheng put forward "understanding the mind" and "having words", which is a theoretical contribution of Wang Yucheng. The so-called "clear mind" means that one's inner world has reached a high level. It means that one should stand up to the moral standard and preach with a civilized heart. In essence, it requires the unity of literature and Taoism, and the unity of literature and practice, with emphasis on the aspect of literature.

Poetry

In poetry, Wang Yucheng highly praised Du Fu and Bai Juyi. Fang Hui at the end of the Song Dynasty said: "the Song Dynasty was used to the Five Dynasties, and the poems were in Bai style, Kun style and late Tang style." (preface to song Luo Shou Ke's poems and Tongjiang sequel Volume 32) it is obvious that this view is a little exaggerated, but the style of poetry in the early Song Dynasty can be divided into white style, Kun style and late Tang style, and Wang Yucheng is also regarded as an important white style poet in the Song Dynasty. However, Wang Yucheng's poetic style is different from that of Li Fang and Xu Xuan. Wang Yucheng wrote more leisure poems in his early years and allegorical poems in his later years, which is just opposite to Bai Juyi. It is this kind of deep introspection that makes him learn from Bai Juyi and take Du Fu as an example. Even in his later years, he seldom included his early works in the collection of small animals. According to legend, he once wrote the sentence that "Ben and Rakuten are backward, dare to expect that Zimei is the predecessor" because of the coincidence of Du Fu's poems, and praised that "Zimei set up the world of poetry". In his creation, he tried to practice Bai Juyi's idea that "songs and poems should be composed for things". The poems such as Duxue, Gan exile, Zhu and Shi Jiayou describe the suffering of peasants and soldiers at that time with deep sympathy, expose the darkness of reality, and criticize themselves strictly. They inherit and carry forward the styles of Du Fu's "three officials", "three farewell" and Bai Juyi's "Qin Zhong Yin". The five poems of she Tian CI vividly record the scene of slash and burn cultivation in mountainous areas, and praise the virtues of common people's hard work and solidarity.

Like prose, his poems are plain and fluent in language and simple in style. He also has some short poems about scenery and emotion, but the style is clear and elegant. For example, "village trip" depicts the moving scene of mountain village dusk and the poet's feelings. He is also good at absorbing ideological and artistic nutrition from folk songs. For example, in Yu Tian Ci, "drumming, hunting and drunkenness lead to chaos in the mountains. I don't know that Yao and Shun are my king. " It is full of the optimistic feelings of the laborers and the fresh and lively flavor of the folk songs. His long poems, describing his life story and embrace, can be free and unrestrained, speak freely, has opened the Song poetry prose culture, argumentative atmosphere. Lin Bu

Chinese PinYin : Wang Yu Cheng