Lu Zhaolin

Lu Zhaolin

Lu Zhaolin (the year of birth and death is unknown), the word Shengzhi, the name youyouyouzi, was born in Fanyang County, Youzhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province), and a poet of the Tang Dynasty.

Lu Zhaolin was erudite and capable of writing. He started his career as a Dianqian of Li Yuanyu, king of Deng, and moved to Xindu County of Yizhou. After leaving his post, he stayed in the middle of Sichuan Province and indulged in poetry and wine. Later, he suffered from wind disease and died in Yingshui.

Lu Zhaolin, together with Wang Bo, Yang Jiong and Luo Binwang, are known as the "four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty". He is the author of Lu Zhaolin and youyouyouzi.

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Life of the characters

Study experience

When Lu Zhaolin was ten years old, he went to the south of the Yangtze River to study with Cao Xian, a great literary scholar, and Wang Yifang, an expert in classics and stone. He listened to their lectures on Sancang, Erya, and classics and history books.

Lu Zhaolin is erudite and good at writing. After learning, Lu Zhaolin followed the trend of the Tang Dynasty and went to Chang'an to be an official. At the beginning, he took refuge in Lai Ji, an important official of the imperial court, and was highly appreciated by him. With the praise and recommendation of Lai Ji and his talent, Lu Zhaolin became famous.

The road of official career

When Li Yuanyu, the uncle of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, heard of his reputation, he treated him with the courtesy of receiving guests, and asked Lu Zhaolin to serve as an official in the palace. He loved him very much and said to his subordinates, "he is my Sima Xiangru." Li Yuanyu's house has a large collection of books, and Lu Zhaolin has made use of his work to read widely and gain a lot. After that, he followed Li Yuanyu to the capital and other places for about ten years.

After that, Lu Zhaolin was transferred to Yizhou Xindu (now near Chengdu, Sichuan). After the end of his three-year term of office, Lu Zhaolin did not leave Yizhou. Instead, he stayed in Shu and indulged in poetry and wine for about two years.

Commit suicide

After leaving Shu, Lu Zhaolin lived in Luoyang. During the period, he wrote a seven character ancient poem "Chang'an ancient meaning", one of which was "the sky rises in the Liang family's painting Pavilion, and the emperor of Han Dynasty's golden stems are straight beyond the clouds". Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi read it, which was very harsh, so he put Lu Zhaolin in prison. The rescue of the family was fruitless, but later it was spared by the rescue of friends. Shortly after he was released from prison, Lu Zhaolin got wind disease and lived in Taibai Mountain near Chang'an. During this period, he met Sun Simiao and admired him. Lu Zhaolin simply lives with Sun Simiao. Soon after, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty took the summer vacation to Jiucheng palace, and Sun Simiao accompanied him to the palace. Lu Zhaolin lived alone to recuperate from illness, during which he wrote the ode to sick pear tree. In order to cure the disease, Lu Zhaolin took xuanming ointment. Just as his father died, Lu Zhaolin cried bitterly and vomited all the pills, which aggravated his illness. Later, he moved to the East Longmen Mountain, where he lived as a guest. He was a vegetarian and depended on his friends to support him. At this time, his condition became worse and worse. His feet could not be stretched straight and his hands could not move. So he bought dozens of acres of land at the foot of the mountain, surrounded the house with Yingshui, and built a tomb for himself in advance, so he slept in the tomb. During the period, he wrote shijiwen, Wubei and other poems and essays, which were quite poet style and were highly valued by scholars. After a long illness, Lu Zhaolin could not bear the pain, so he bid farewell to his relatives and died in Yingshui. He was only 40 years old at that time.

Main impact

Poetry

Lu Zhaolin's poems can be divided into two periods: in the early stage, the poets were ambitious, brilliant, their style was relatively high, and their feelings were unrestrained; in the later stage, the poets were tortured by the "wind disease", they were in a desperate situation, the poetic world was quiet, and their style tended to be sad and miserable.

1、 Prophase

（1） Style features

From the perspective of the content of Lu Zhaolin's early poems, the emotional keynote of his poems on various subjects is passionate and generous.

1. Frontier poems. In his early years, Lu Zhaolin was an envoy to the northwest of Deng's mansion. He went to the Great Wall in person. He had a sense of what he saw and heard. He used to use the old Yuefu title to write down some vigorous frontier fortress works. His sincere feelings can reflect his talent and ambition to make achievements at that time. The emotional tone of his poems is passionate and generous. Among them, Liu Sheng, Ziliu Ma and zhanchengnan are the most representative. These frontier poems almost became Lu Zhaolin's representative works in his early life. No matter Liu Sheng, an ancient hero who wrote "but a heavy burden, not sparing a hundred body light", Ziliu horse who galloped in the battlefield "never say goodbye to the desert, when the blood will dry", or the image of a general who fought in the south of the city "should be stationed in the daytime, waiting for the battle to be carried out", all of them endowed the soldiers, horses and generals with the spirit of bravery and sacrifice, and showed that the poet was young The ambition to make achievements.

2. Farewell poems. Apart from the frontier poems, many of Lu Zhaolin's early farewell poems have their own characteristics. There is no lack of generosity in the sadness of parting, which shows the extraordinary aspiration of the young poet. There is a poem "the envoy to the West and send Meng Lizhen on a journey to the South". This poem was written by the poet when he was in charge of the official signature of the palace of King Deng. He went west on the mission of King Deng and left with Meng Lizhen. In the poem, it is written that the wandering pedestrians are just like the floating grass, expressing the worries of their own and friends. At the same time, Wang can and Kong Rong were compared to each other, and they wrote the sad feelings of seeing off their friends in the misty "zero rain". The "Sadness" of "mourning for Wang can with zero rain" and the "Sadness" of "waiting for Qiuhong with regret" show that the poet sometimes has unsatisfactory sadness on his way of life, but this kind of sadness is not the mainstream of his early works. Soon in the conclusion of the heroic sentence "only Yu Jianfeng is there, and his heart is full of rainbow", all the sadness and disappointment disappear, leaving only the dazzling of Jianfeng A rainbow of light and ambition. It can be seen that Lu Zhaolin is still full of energetic and enterprising spirit even when he leaves his friends and wanders alone. Of course, Lu Zhaolin can sweep away the sadness and lingering in his farewell poems, such as "to look at the joy, to pay attention, to express his bosom friend outside the sword" and "to be sent to Yanran by Wu Shiyu", and express his hesitation and ambition to make a difference.

3. Landscape poems. Lu Zhaolin wrote some scenery poems before he was infected with disease. "Watching the lantern in fifteen Nights" is one of them. The wonderful lantern scene depicted in the poem is very pleasing to the eye. It shows that the poet's smooth life journey at this time makes his poems more colorful and fresh.

In Lu Zhaolin's extant works, there are few simple landscape poems such as "watching lanterns on fifteen Nights". However, because the poet traveled to and from Sichuan and Chang'an many times when he was young, the magnificent Bashu landscape became the object of his colorful poems: "the steep Shu Road with ice layers folded in ten folds and stones in seven plates" (early watershed), "the streams flowing with foam, and the rock scenery with mist" ”(to Chencang Xiaoqing wangjingyi), Chencang's beautiful mountain stream, and the towering plank road of the sword Pavilion (to Chencang Xiaoqing wangjingyi), which are hidden in the deep valley and far up the high clouds (to Chencang Xiaoqing wangjingyi), are numerous. Before his illness, Lu Zhaolin tried to depict these beautiful landscapes to express his talent. Most of his poems expressed the poet's high enthusiasm for joining the world and entering the official career. Therefore, whether it is Lu Zhaolin's frontier poems, farewell poems or landscape poems, the early poems with various themes reflect the poet's energetic spirit. Lu Zhaolin's poems of this period are passionate and generous, showing a high and unrestrained style.

（2） Style and language features

From the perspective of the style and language used in Lu Zhaolin's early poems, it also reflects his high and unrestrained poetic style. In the early period, most of the poems were in the form of five character poems. There are 98 existing poems in Lu Zhaolin's collection, among which the number of five character poems is the largest. There are 29 topics and 31 poems in total, of which about two thirds are created in the early stage.

A close reading of Lu Zhaolin's early poems reveals a lot of fresh and magnificent language. For example, in the Spring Festival Gala villa rate topic (Part 1), "the warbler's cry is not the tree, the fish play is not startling Lun", "to Chencang Xiaoqing wangjingyi", "today's good scenery, overlooking the extreme heaven villa" and "the grass is lost in three paths, and the scenery moves around" in Yuanri Shuhuai. I'd like to be like this every year. There are also many magnificent words in Liu Sheng's poems, such as "Cuiyu wears a scabbard and gold carves a Lantana", in zhanchengnan's poems, "carving a bow at night and riding a horse at dawn" and "fifteen night watching lanterns" in his poems. This kind of fresh and magnificent language style is also the concrete embodiment of the poet's high and unrestrained poetic style in his early stage.

2、 Later stage

After Lu Zhaolin was infected with the disease, he suffered from the "wind disease" and was in a difficult situation, which was in great contrast to his previous situation of high ambition, brilliant talent and reusing for a while. His poetry creation changed the positive, high and unrestrained style in the early stage, with a quiet realm and a sad and miserable style. This style is embodied in the following aspects:

first

In the later period, most of the poems were "venting anger" after the illness, with a sad style.

Lu Zhaolin's poems in his later period were mostly influenced by his illness, expressing his infinite sorrow and indignation after his illness, and his style was desolate. In the poem "lost geese", the poet uses the lost geese as a metaphor for himself. The poet who lies on the mountain is just like the caged geese in the poem. He is full of admiration and admiration for the geese who "serve as county officials". It can be seen that although Lu Zhaolin was ill in his later years, he was still deeply concerned about Chaoyang and Fenghuang lake. Unfortunately, his heartless illness deprived him of the official career he had been pursuing all his life, leaving him trapped in a cage and in a difficult situation. Another poem "tonglinjin jimingfu Guyan" has a similar meaning to "lost group of geese". The poet still compares himself with the lonely geese to express his resentment of losing his official career and fame, and his resentment of missing his talent. Taking advantage of the opportunity of singing with friends, the poet once again describes himself as a lonely goose, sad that he is not happy

Chinese PinYin : Lu Zhao Lin