Zhuo Bingtian

Zhuo Bingtian

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Zhuo Bingtian (1782-1855), whose name is Jingyuan, was born in Huayang, Sichuan (now Chengdu Huayang) and was a minister of the Qing Dynasty. Qing Jiaqing seven years (1802) Jinshi. He was the Minister of the Ministry of war, the Minister of the Ministry of household, the Minister of the Ministry of official, the associate bachelor, the Bachelor of wenyuange, and the Bachelor of wuyingdian. He was given the title of Prince Taibao and posthumous Wenduan.

Life

Zhuo Bingtian, whose name is Jingyuan, was born in Huayang, Sichuan (now Chengdu Huayang). Jiaqing seven years (1802) Jinshi, election Shu Ji Shi, just over the crown, granted review, Dian Shaanxi provincial examination. Jiaqing eighteen years (1813), change censor, calendar to things, Zhang Shufan dozens. On the trend of banditry, it is the predestined relationship between the captors and the thieves. The captors use the captors to make profits. The thieves use the captors as a talisman, and the civil accusations are not justified by the officials. The thieves hate each other and call for tea poison. The most serious cases are Zhili's Daming and Cangzhou, Henan's Weihui and Chenzhou, Shandong's Caozhou, Dongchang and Wuding, and Jiangsu's Xuzhou. Please prohibit and punish them. He toured Shandong Province, explored Tai'an and Yanzhou, explored 43 new springs and named them Leshi. Li Honglu Temple Shaoqing, Shun Tianfu Cheng. In the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820), it is said: "from Lueyang, Shaanxi Province to Yunxi, Hubei Province, it is called Nanshan Laolin; from Ningqiang, Shaanxi Province to the South and East, it is called Bashan Laolin through Sichuan Province to Baokang, Hubei Province. The land is barren and the grain is meager. The jobless vagrant gave thousands of money to the landlords, that is, to rent several ditches and mountains. When they are too young to accept, they will move away, which is called shed people. The good and the bad are indistinguishable. In the event of drought and flood, one or two traitors advocated it, that is, ants attached to bees. The counties and prefectures were so vast that they could not be hunted, so they were able to tolerate each other. When the impeachment was added to the case, there was no help. And even three provinces, officials back and forth consultation, prefectures and counties Fengwen handle, constant in a few months later. It is better to discuss it together with the three provinces than to plan it in one corner. Please set up a special person to control the situation in a brief place. " Xuanzong issued an imperial edict to the meeting of the three provinces, but failed to do so. He only changed the border civil and military affairs to a new one. In the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), he was transferred to fengtianfucheng, and his father was worried about going. Fu Kai, Li Taipusi, Dalisi Shaoqing, Taipusi Qing, zongrenfu Cheng, cabinet bachelor, Jiangnan provincial examination. In the 15th year of Daoguang (1836), he moved to the Ministry of rites, transferred to the Ministry of officials, and supervised the academic administration of Zhejiang Province. He promoted the censor of zuodu, called back the capital, and took charge of the affairs of Yin in shuntianfu. Li Bingbu, Hubu, Libu Shangshu, assistant bachelor. Twenty four years ago, he paid homage to the great scholar of wenyuange, the Wuying Hall of Jin Dynasty. He was in charge of the Ministry of war, the Ministry of household affairs and the Ministry of work, and was granted the Hualing. Xianfeng five years, died, seventy-four years, the crown prince, Tai Bao, posthumous Wenduan.

Personal evaluation

Zhuo Bingtian is a filial friend and treats his younger brothers with fraternity. Be honest with others. After 60 years in the three dynasties, he was promoted by Ke Dao to the prime minister. He was upright and solemn. All the nine ministers meeting, will speak the right words, seal things without empty month, often not for the users like, but always no easy. He was proficient in Hengjian. He successively passed the examinations in Jiangnan and Shaanxi provinces, and in martial arts. He obtained famous officials such as Yin Zhaoyong and Feng Guifen and became famous officials. In the Qing Dynasty, there were no more prominent officials in Shu than Zhang penghe and Bingtian. Gongshu, good at poetry and prose, is the author of Haifan collection. His poems are recorded in sun Tongsheng's notes of poems in the whole Shu Dynasty and Xu Shichang's collection of poems in the late Qing Dynasty. There are biographies in the draft of Qing Dynasty history and the record of Yizhou calligraphy and painting.

other

Bingtian had been in charge of Jingyin for eight years. At the Jiuqing meeting, one or two princes were in charge of the meeting, and the rest occupied the place. Bingtian is on the list. There are debates from time to time, which are not welcomed by users. Zi Zhuo Zhen was a Jinshi in the 20th year of Daoguang, and was an official to the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs.

Deeds

Care for the sufferings of the people

As an official, Zhuo Bingtian was more concerned about the suffering of the people and was willing to ask for help for the people. When Ren shandongdao was supervising the censor, he found that Zhili had compiled Baojia, and that "the officials were extorting money from them". So he proposed to the emperor that Baojia should be compiled outside Beijing and handled by the local officials themselves, so as to prevent the petty officials from collecting money. The Imperial Court adopted his suggestion. Jiaqing 19 years (1814), Henan and other provinces disaster, the Qing Dynasty edict release relief relief. Zhuo Bingtian learned that Nanyang government in Henan Province was not good at providing relief, and that "the hungry carried their way"; Northeast Sichuan was also hit by disasters year after year, and the price of rice was high. He immediately played to the Chen court and ordered the governor of Henan and the governor of Sichuan to solve the problem seriously. During this period, through his investigation, he found that there were many prison cases all over the country, and many local officials delayed and neglected their duties. He put forward two suggestions: one is to strictly arrest and forcible steal, so as to punish the ferocious; the other is to quickly end the lawsuit, so as to save the burden. It was approved by the Qing government. In his long political career, Zhuo Bingtian clearly saw that the official system of the Qing government was corrupt, and most of the local officials were insatiable of greed. He strongly advocated changing the status quo and punishing corrupt officials. When he was an official of the central government, he said: "in the past, there were a lot of reckless maintenance personnel in the barracks. He cited Jin Xiang, the governor of Caozhou in Shandong Province, who was dismissed for corruption and bending the law, and Zhao duiwan, the governor of Shunde in Zhili City, who was dismissed for" asking for subordinates "and being dismissed for" donation and recovery "easily. He asked the feudal officials to consider two situations when recommending personnel:" those who have a good reputation and are on duty should be granted As a rule, those who are not well-known should not abuse them if they are rehabilitated for private crimes. In 1833, Xu dengyuan, the governor of Shaanxi Province, accused Wang Yiming, the county magistrate of Ankang, of embezzling the relief money. The Qing government ordered Zhuo Bingtian and the officials of the Ministry of punishment to go to Shaanxi to investigate. Zhuo Bingtian made a serious investigation and found out that Xu dengyuan's accusations were "mostly false accusations"; Wang Yiming's handling of the relief reimbursement was inconsistent with that before and after, and the levee projects were wrong, and he abused the harsh faction in the local area, so he suggested that they should be punished separately to strengthen the discipline.

Pay attention to personnel training

As Shaoqing of Dali temple, Zhuo Bingtian paid more attention to the "zongxue" education system of cultivating talents. He believes that "the imperial examinations are conducted on a monthly basis, but there are only a few examinees." the reason is that there is no reward or punishment for the students' performance, and it does not affect their personal advancement. He suggested that according to the regulations of academies in each province, regular examinations should be carried out, the papers should be strictly graded, the results should be published on the list, and those who are continuously outstanding should be registered and filed, and those who are selected by the state should be admitted. He learned that the reasons for local corruption, theft and robbery of public business "are always due to the predestination between the captors and the thieves, the captors use the thieves as the capital for profit, and the thieves use the captors to protect themselves Even if they do not live up to the arrest hall, they are not only unable to arrest their lives, but also for profit. It is called monthly regulation that the arresting department takes money from stealing, and the arresting department takes money from serving. It openly decides on the number of money and receives it on a monthly basis. "He cited such crimes as Daming and Cangzhou in Zhili, Weihui and Chenzhou in Henan, Caozhou, Dongchang and Wuding in Shandong, Xuzhou in Jiangsu and so on, which showed that similar cases could be found everywhere.

Pay attention to water conservancy construction

Zhuo Bingtian paid special attention to water conservancy construction during his inspection tour of Shandong Province. He once wrote a report to Chao Yan saying that Weishan Lake always connects Hanzhuang eight gates and the canal in Pizhou, Jiangsu Province. When the lake water is in short supply, the canal leading to Jiangsu Province will be exhausted. In order to change this situation, it is necessary to strengthen the water regulation of each sluice in Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province, and to "send personnel to help manage Heqing, heding and Hecheng sluice". At the same time, he took "dredging the spring source" as the top priority of the economic movement. He spared no effort to investigate the spring sources in Tai'an and Yanzhou, and detected dozens of new springs. Under his supervision, each state and county made an in-depth investigation of the spring resources and "classified them by drawing" and declared 43 new springs with stable flow throughout the year. After his dedicated management, the canal came back to life. At the beginning of the Opium War in 1840, Zhuo Bingtian became a cabinet bachelor and Minister of the Ministry of war, showing his loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, and his solemn attitude against the British Invaders. As early as February 1839 (the first month of the 19th year of Daoguang), he went to Shangshu to ask for the prohibition of opium. At the same time, he discussed with Minister Wang and other officials the charges of "smoking nest peddlers and planting false accusations", and punished 39 cases. "Qing Yan approved the enforcement of these prohibitions. After the failure of the Opium War, the Qing government signed the Nanjing Ordinance with the British Invaders, which made Zhuo Bingtian sad.

Research on coastal defense and river defense

In March of the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843.4), he took part in the study of the important tasks of river defense and coastal defense. He had a certain understanding of the need for the Qing government to strengthen its defense and guard against the risk of the British Invaders after the Opium War. He believes that it is extremely important to draw up regulations on coastal and river defense. However, the more important thing is that "officers and soldiers use their life" and "carefully choose the civil and military forces". Whether or not officers and soldiers use their life "depends on their usual kindness and prestige, especially on their temporary handling when they see how the enemy decides. If we act according to circumstances and make concerted efforts, it is not difficult to control the fate of the people from the sea to the river. "Careful selection of civil and military personnel" is the "first priority" to stabilize the local people, the military and the people, which should be handled seriously. The Qing government accepted his suggestion. The Laolin mountain area at the junction of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hubei provinces is the base of the Bailian uprising and various forms of anti Qing struggle since Jiaqing. After Zhuo Bingtian made a detailed investigation of this area, Shangshu said that "its land is vast and barren, and its labor and grain are very small. The unemployed people in Jiang, Guang, Qian, Chu, Chuan and Shan gave thousands of money to the landlords to rent several ditches and mountains, where the overseas Chinese lived, and moved away when they were too young. In the event of drought and flood, the servants were employed as yuan capital. One or two traitors advocated it, and ants swarmed. The state and county have a vast territory, so they can not be pursued. They hide from each other and lead to big cases. And even three provincial officials, consultation to and fro the prefecture and county Fengwen handle, constant in a few months later, "can not be suppressed in time. He thought that "instead of planning in a corner, how can we discuss it together with the three provinces?" he also suggested that "in a concise place, we should set up special officers to control the shaanxi'an road in Shaanxi, the East Sichuan Road in Sichuan, and the Anxiang Dijing road in Hubei.". "At the same time, the governors of the three provinces will consult and coordinate the defense of Laolin mountain area. This proposal was approved by the Qing government and the governors of the three provinces,

Chinese PinYin : Zhuo Bing Tian