Longyusheng

Longyusheng

Long Yusheng (1902-1966), the original name of long muxun, the word Yusheng, No. endure cold. He is from Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province. He is a famous scholar and has been a professor of Jinan University, Sun Yat sen University, Central University and Shanghai Conservatory of music. He died in Shanghai on November 18, 1966.

Long Yusheng, together with Xia Chengtao and Tang Guizhang, is one of the most famous CI masters in the 20th century. Editor in chief of CI quarterly. His works include "wind and rain Longyin chamber Ci", "Tang and Song Dynasty CI anthology", "nearly 300 years CI anthology" and so on.

Life of the characters

Late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China

Long Yusheng was born on March 19, 1902. His father, long gengyan, wentingshi, Cai Yuanpei and Dong Kang, were the same scholars on the list in the 16th year of Guangxu (1890). He worked as county magistrate and prefect in Anhui and Hubei provinces for many times, and wrote the poem of tuoan. His mother, Yang Yulan, was born in Wanzai family. At the age of six, his mother died. Because of his mother's early death, his childhood had no one to care about his food and study, so he was thin and lonely. Before the age of ten, I only studied in Zhongxiang, Suizhou and other places for more than a year, and I studied in mengguan in my hometown for a year. " After the revolution of 1911, his father resigned as the magistrate of Suizhou and returned to his hometown to establish Jiyi primary school. Under the guidance of his father, long Yusheng began to read the prequels of historical records, selected works of literature and other famous literary and historical works, and learned the parallel prose of poetry. After graduating from high school at the age of 14, due to poor health, long Yusheng's desire to skip middle school and go directly to Peking University failed. In 1916, long Yusheng began to get sick. In 1917, under the arrangement of his father, he married Chen Shulan, a four-year-old Changlong Yusheng. In 1918, his wife, Chen Shulan, took care of him to recover. But the dream of going to college failed. In the spring of 1921, 20-year-old long Yusheng, introduced by his cousin Mu Guang, went to Wuchang Normal University to learn rhymes, characters and verses from Huang Kan, and taught Huang's second son the Analects of Confucius. In the summer of the same year, Wang Zhanyuan launched the Wuchang mutiny. Huang Kan left Wuchang Normal University and took long Yusheng to Suzhou and Yangzhou. After that, long Yusheng returned to his hometown and became a teacher of Chinese at Jiyi primary school. In the spring of 1923, Guo yicen became a Chinese teacher in Shanghai Shenzhou women's school. He was dismissed a month later because he could not speak Shanghai dialect. In the summer of the same year, Huang Kan recommended him to teach in the middle school attached to Wuchang Zhonghua University, and resigned three months later. From 1924 to the first half of 1928, he taught in Xiamen Jimei Middle School. During this period, he once paid homage to Chen Yan (Shi Yi), a poet of Fujian school, as a teacher and met Lu Xun in Xiamen University. In September 1928, introduced by Chen Yan, he was a lecturer in the Department of Chinese culture of Jinan University in Shanghai (promoted to professor the next year) and a poetry class of the National Conservatory of music. It was during this period that long Yusheng began to study CI. During this period, long Yusheng was able to pay a visit to Xia Jingguan, and then got to know Chen Sanyuan (Sanli), Zhu qiangcun (zumou, Jinshi in 1883 in the 9th year of Qing Guangxu, served as the Minister of rites and officials, and was one of the four famous poets in the late Qing Dynasty), Cheng Shifa, Hu Shizhi, etc. In September 1929, long Yusheng began to teach CI in Jinan University. In December 1931, Zhu zumou passed away. Before his death, he was taught the painting of inkstone in shangqiang village by Xia Jingguan. Later, Wu Hufan, Xu Beihong, Fang Junbi, Jiang Huiwei and others drew the painting of inkstone. Wang Jingwei was a disciple of Qiang village when he was studying politics in Guangdong Province. Long Yusheng began to have more contact with Wang because of Zhu's death, and most of them were poems. In 1932, he cooperated with the famous composer Huang Zi to complete three wishes for roses and other songs, becoming a famous song of the generation. Since September, he began to serve as the director of the Chinese Department of Jinan University at the age of 31. In the second half of 1933, he also served as a teaching chair of Fudan University. In April of the same year, CI quarterly, edited by him, was founded. On August 13, 1937, due to the Japanese bombardment of Shanghai, the magazine was destroyed and its edition was closed. There are 11 issues in total. At the beginning of the second half of 1935, long Yusheng resigned from the teaching position of Jinan University and began to teach in Guangzhou Zhongshan University. In the second half of 1936, he taught in Shanghai National Conservatory of music and Suzhou Zhang's Institute of Sinology. From 1937 to 1939, long Yusheng ran between Suzhou and Shanghai and the city center, regardless of his serious stomach disease. For a while, I even took classes in five schools.

During the Anti Japanese War

In February 1940, long Yusheng was taken to talk by Wang Jingwei. In April, he was appointed as a member of the Legislative Yuan by Wang Jingwei's puppet national government. According to Ren Muning, the disciple of long Yusheng, Wang puppet announced the appointment of long Yusheng as a legislator without long Yusheng's consent. According to Xia Chengtao's Diary of learning CI in tianfengge, on April 4, 1940, he received a letter from long Yusheng, "it means that there is a serious stomach disease, that the doctor has to recuperate, and that the family is crying, that there is no way to live. When he comes from it, it is beyond a word.". In September 1940, he was also a tutor in Wang Jingwei's house. He insisted that he would not attend any political conference, but that he should teach, educate and study. On December 11 of the same year, his father, long gengyan, died of illness on the wall of wuxibi in Mabu. On the 20th, the first issue of simultaneous monthly, founded by long Yusheng, was published. In 1941, when the Pacific War broke out, he cooperated with Chen Rong (director of the Forestry Research Institute), who was in charge of the school property of Jinling University, to transfer all the school property, books and equipment of Jinling university to Central University, so as to avoid being occupied by the Japanese. In the summer of 1943, as the president of the College of Arts of CUHK, he was also the chairman of the museum committee of the Nanjing Cultural Relics Preservation Committee. In that year, he went to Beiping three times and got in touch with the North China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee through Professor Zhang Dongsun. He once did the work of instigating Hao Peng, the education chief of the training regiment of the general school of the puppet central army, which had 20000 well-equipped troops, to raise his righteousness, but failed. On November 8, 1945, long Yusheng was imprisoned in Nanjing laohuqiao prison; on March 8, 1945, he was transferred to Suzhou SHIZIKOU prison detention center. On June 26, 1946, he was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment. Long Yusheng was imprisoned for two years and three months. It was not until February 5, 1948 that Pan Xizhen, a disciple of Xia Chengtao, tried to bail him out.

After liberation

From the beginning of 1949 to October, he was the editor of Shanghai Commercial Press. He was received by Chen Yi in November. Under his care, he served as the editor of Shanghai Municipal Commission of cultural relics on the 16th. In the autumn of 1950, he became a research fellow of the Commission. In 1951, he was transferred to Shanghai Museum as editor and researcher. In 1952, Chen Yi arranged to be the director of the reference room of Shanghai Museum, and authorized him to concentrate on writing without having to go to work as usual. In February 1956, under the arrangement of Chen Yi, long Yusheng was specially invited to attend the second meeting of the second National Committee of the CPPCC. He was received by Chairman Mao on the evening of February 6. During his stay in Beijing, he discussed poetry with Guo Moruo. In April, he served as a member of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. In August, he resigned from the position of director of the reference room of Shanghai Museum and became a professor of the Department of folk music of Shanghai Conservatory of music. In November, he was rated as a third level professor. In May 1958, long Yusheng was beaten to the right and was reduced from a third grade professor to a fifth grade professor. In May 1961, he was arranged to go to Shanghai Institute of socialism for "part-time study", and in September he took off the hat of a rightist. In 1962, he taught for the drama creation research class of Shanghai Drama Academy. In that year, Shi Zhecun often talked with long Yusheng about CI. In November 1965, long Yusheng, because Chairman Mao had read the Quarterly Journal of Ci Poetry edited by him when he was in Yan'an, entrusted General Xiao Xiangrong with the three volumes of the Quarterly Journal of Ci poetry to Vice Premier Chen Yi for transmission to Chairman Mao. Long Yusheng studied Buddhism for many years, and in his later years, he was most in agreement with Zhao Puchu. In October 1966, long Yusheng was hospitalized for thyroid tumor. After the operation, the patient recovered well and wanted to be discharged. On November 1, the family was raided by the rebels of Shanghai Conservatory of music, and the manuscripts and cultural relics were swept away, which dealt a great blow to the dragon. On the 5th, the pneumonia recurred, the high fever did not subside, and gradually came to coma. In the morning of the 18th, long Yusheng died of myocardial infarction. On January 16, 1979, the Committee of Shanghai Conservatory of music of the Communist Party of China corrected long Yusheng's misunderstanding of the Rightists and restored his reputation. in March 1980, his ashes were buried in Yuzu, Muqu, Wan'an cemetery, Xiangshan, Beijing.

Achievements in Ci Poetry

Born in April 1934, long Yu published a paper entitled "Discussion on the study of Ci", which formally defined the connotation of Ci and put forward eight aspects of Ci study. On the basis of the five achievements of traditional Ci Poetry in Qing Dynasty, including the study of atlas, temperament, rhyme, history and collation, he put forward the study of tone, criticism and catalogue, which was a great article guiding the direction of Ci poetry at that time. Long Yusheng himself devoted his whole life to the study of Ci poetry. This paper reviews it from four aspects.

Collation of CI books

Since the late Qing Dynasty, the collation and collation of CI books has been a grand sight. As the youngest scholar, long Yusheng was able to participate in this event and saw many rare collections of Qing Dynasty CI. Because of this origin, long Yusheng's Ci collation mainly concentrated in the Qing Dynasty, and started from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. On December 30, 1931, Zhu zumou died. Before his death, he was taught by Zhu Mo and Shuangyan, who wrote his last words and his life. Adhering to his will, long Yusheng continued to work tirelessly after the outbreak of the January 28 Incident. He spent several months in a basement of Shanghai Conservatory of music, editing and printing "qiangcun's last words". From 1933 to 1936, with the support of Ye gongchuo and others, long Yusheng founded the Quarterly Journal of CI studies, which was published in 11 issues before and after the war of resistance against Japan

Chinese PinYin : Long Yu Sheng