Qi Ji

Qi Ji

Qi Ji (863-937) was a famous poet monk in the late Tang Dynasty. He was a native of Zuta village, Ningxiang County, Changsha City, Hunan Province. Qi Ji's life has gone through the Tang Dynasty and three of the Five Dynasties.

brief account of the author's life

Qiji (about 860 ~ 937) was a late Tang Dynasty poet monk. His surname was Hu and his name was Desheng. He was from Yiyang, Tanzhou (now Ningxiang, Hunan). Qi Ji's life has gone through the Tang Dynasty and three of the Five Dynasties. In 864, Qi Ji was born into a poor tenant family in Tongqing temple, Ningxiang, Changsha, Hunan Province. When he was more than six years old, he herded cattle for the temple with the children of other tenant families. While herding cattle, he studied and wrote poems. He often wrote poems on the back of cattle with bamboo branches. Moreover, the verses were natural. For the reputation of the temple, the monks of Tongqing Temple persuaded Qiji to become a monk and worshipped master Huiji, the leader of Jingnan sect. After becoming a monk, Qi Ji loved writing poems more. When he was an adult, Qi himself went abroad to study, and he called himself "Hengyue Shami" when he traveled. I have visited Yueyang, Dongting, Chang'an, Zhongnanshan, Huashan and other scenic spots, and Jiangxi. This study tour enriched his writing materials. Many of his masterpieces were written during his travels. When Qi Ji was traveling around the world, he used his poem "early plum" to consult the poet Zheng Gu. The poem is: "ten thousand trees are ready to be broken when they are frozen, and the roots are warm when they are alone. In the deep snow of Qiancun, several branches opened last night. The wind sends out the fragrance, and the birds see the beauty. Next year, we will follow the law and start with "yingchuntai". After reading, Zheng Gu said with a smile: "a few branches" is not early, not as good as "one branch". After listening to this, Qi Ji was awed by Zheng Gu and worshipped him. Since then, people have called Zheng Gu the "teacher of one word" of Qi Ji. When Qi Ji returned to Changsha from his travels, his reputation was already prominent all over the world. Xu Dongye, a poet in the section commander shogunate of Hunan Province, once commented on him and said, "what we have done is confined to one path, not the so-called people who know all sides. If you are self-sufficient, you will be able to think highly and think far, and you will be able to do everything. In 921, Qi Ji passed by Jingzhou on his way to Sichuan. He was detained by Gao Jixing, the festival commander of Jingzhou, and placed in Longxing Temple, where he was appointed monk Zheng. Qi Ji was in Jingzhou. Although he had a rich monthly salary, he didn't like money. So he wrote fifteen chapters of Zhu Gong Mo Wen to show his noble ambition. Qi Ji wrote many poems during his stay in Jingzhou. Qi Ji, 76, died in Jiangling. After death, it was passed down to the world as a collection of white lotus.

social position

Although Qi Ji converted to Buddhism, he was fond of chanting. His poetry style was ancient and elegant, and his style was clear and harmonious. He was a famous poet monk in the late Tang Dynasty, and was praised by poets and critics of all dynasties. Wang Fuzhi's "climbing zhurong peak" is "the works of Nanyue, this is empty and its group". It is as famous as Guan Xiu, Jiao ran and Shang Yan, and its number of handed down works ranks first among the four monks. He also made friends with Zheng Gu, Cao song, Shen bin, Liao Ning, Xu Zhongya and other famous scholars at that time. Try to pay a visit to Zheng Gu with the poem "early plum", Gu changed his "several branches opened last night" to "one branch opened last night", so he worshipped Gu as "one character teacher". At that time, people with his high-yield and many excellent poems, and because he had a tumor on his neck, play called "this poem bag is also.".

work

His works include ten volumes of Bai Lian Ji and one volume of Feng Sao Zhi Ge, which has been handed down to later generations. There are more than 800 poems in Quan Tang Shi, ranking fifth only after Bai Juyi, Du Fu, Li Bai and Yuan Zhen. Bai Lian Ji, a collection of 809 poems compiled and printed by Qi Ji's students in western languages, was engraved in 938 (the third year of Tianfu in the later Jin Dynasty), only 70 years later than the earliest existing engraving book, the Diamond Sutra of Tang Dynasty. So it is the earliest engraving book in Hunan literati poetry collection. Wang Xiulin, a contemporary writer, has compiled the collation and annotation of Qi Ji's poetry anthology.

Appreciation of works

[across the Xisaishan mountain] the empty river flows in the plain, and the wind island is whizzing. The remnant day holds the West fortress, the lonely sail North Continent. He crossed Hankou in Hongbian, and the trees of Chu came out of Wutou. In the high clouds all day long, the body rests on the rubble. [Yu Yin] what is the specialty of daily use? Reciting fatigue is meditation. This life is still gratifying, the rest is not convenient. In the white head without evil, the soul is clear. River flowers and grass, do not dye my love field. [two poems of elder Yangshan sent from Yichun River] the water is separated from the lonely city, the city is separated from the mountain, and I look back at my teacher's leisure when I am near the water. In the clear spring, on the peak in the daytime, < br > the setting sun is half empty, and the birds are still living. The clouds touch the clothes, the rain blows the chime, and the ripples scatter.
Pass the heart not to learn from Luo Fu, and the younger generation will think about it. the rain is clear and the sky is half blue, the light is flowing, and the setting sun is falling. There are people at the top of the mountain who have been robbed. < br > floating life has no visitors for a while. The windows open, the spring springs are in disorder, the towers are locked, the lights are solitary, and the trees are thick.
If you want to brush your clothes for my teacher, white clouds and red leaves will be in autumn.

Comments on the past dynasties

Poetry is the Zen of Confucianists, which is only immortal. Ancient and elegant as Zhou Song, Qing and very Shun string. (Tang Shangyan's "reading the collection of Qi Ji's masters") in Yichun, he wrote a poem to Zheng Duguan, who said: "self styled medicine academy, don't get out of the monk's bed." Gu said, "if you are good, then you are good. You are not safe." After a few days, he said Don't sweep 'how? "Gu Jiashang became a poetry friend. Both Cao song and Fang Gan have good agreements. He is free in nature and does not stagnate in the shape of earth and wood. He is quite good at playing zither. Try to write a volume of "Xuanji bieyaolan" to collect the ancient poetry couplets, which are divided into different categories, but still different from Feng, Fu, Bi, Xing, Ya and song. He also wrote a volume of Shige. He also used rhymes together with Zheng Gu and Huang Shu, such as gourd, windlass, advance and retreat, and his ten volume collection of white lotus. (Xin Wenfang, Yuan Dynasty, Volume 9 of the biography of Tang gifted scholars) Qi Ji's poems are simple and plain, but also lofty and cold. Once they are all official, the episode of white lotus is superior to his master in Yuntai. (Volume 8 of Tang Yin GUI's signature by Hu Zhenheng in Ming Dynasty) Qi Ji's poem swordsman is also a masterpiece. "Where the fire comes at night, it burns the tombs of the ancients", which is not the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty. (Volume 2 of Weilu Shihua by Wu Qiao in Qing Dynasty) Fengsao Zhige, written by Tang Shiqi himself, is composed of six poems, six meanings, ten styles, ten tendencies, twenty styles, forty gates, six sections and three styles, all of which are poems. Only the "Ten Trends" is the worst. It's like a young stick. It's wonderful to go away easily. (notes on a ladle of poems by Xue Xue in Qing Dynasty) Tang poetry monks put Qi Ji first. (Ji Yun, Qing Dynasty) there are many poems about zhiliuneng in Tang Dynasty. There are only Jiaoran, Guanxiu and Qiji. Clear and weak. Guan Xiu is bold and rough. Qi Ji's seven character poems are not out of the habit of that time. Lu Tong and Ma Yi's ancient poems are shortened to short chapters, which are not enough to be taken. However, the five character rhymed poems occupy six tenths of the whole collection. Although it is quite along the martial arts school, its style is unique. For example, the swordsman, Tingqin and zhurongfeng still have the meaning of Dali. In his quatrains, the poem "on the 15th night of the year of Geng Wu" says: "Haicheng is empty and blue, and tuandi is in the right place. I want to sing about the cold night of Yuanzong. Yutu has feelings and should remember that old Chang'an is not seen in the West. " So the emperor is not in the reach of his Shizi. It should be compatible with Sikong Tu. (summary of general catalogue of Siku, Volume 151)

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