Huang en Tong

Huang en Tong

Huang en Tong (1801-1883), formerly known as PI fan, was named Qijiang, Shiqin and nanxue. He was born in Tianfu village, Jiangji Town, Ningyang County. Minister in the late Qing Dynasty. At the age of 15, he won the first place in the county examination. In 1822 (the second year of Daoguang). In 1826 (the sixth year of Daoguang), he became a scholar. He has successively served as the principal of the Ministry of punishment, the doctor of the Ministry of punishment, the examiner of shuntianfu provincial examination, the examiner of Guangxi provincial examination, the Taoist of salt law in the south of the Yangtze River, and the envoy of Jiangsu Province. In 1842, Hong Kong ceded one of the main signers of the Treaty of Nanjing, and in 1845, Hong Kong was promoted to governor of Guangdong.

Life of the characters

Huang en Tong (1801-1883), formerly known as PI fan, was named Qijiang, Shiqin and nanxue. Ningyang County Jiangji Tianfu Zhuang people, born in farming family, scholarly family. Grandfather Huang shangcan, the word Xiulin: "like reading, elegant style for the text. At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he was the first in the county examination. He was a famous school. At that time, the famous Confucianists of Tai'an lived in Nanquan jingshe, a fake Museum in Jufang, where they gathered together to teach, and Shang can traveled to follow them. Qin Jing's three years of learning His father Huang Zonggao, whose name is Qiao yuan, is gifted and intelligent. He is among the best in the government and county examinations. Because he is the only male in his family, he gave up the imperial examination to make a living, managed his family hard, and personally urged his two sons to study. He often used the famous words of Yang Jisheng, a loyal minister of the Ming Dynasty, to educate the younger generation: "I let others, don't let them; I let others, don't let them.". At the age of 5, Huang en Tong went to school with his brother en Shu. He never forgets what he saw and is known as a child prodigy. At the age of 15, he was the first in the county examination. He was elected in the second year of Daoguang (1822), and became a Jinshi in the sixth year of Daoguang (1826), and then embarked on his official career.

In 1826, at the age of 26, Huang entong was appointed head of the Ministry of punishment (liupin). Chen Ruolin, Minister of the Ministry of punishment, attached great importance to him. At that time, there were three major doubtful cases, i.e. the false photo of the Ministry of household, the payment cut off from the bank and the preaching of evil bandits, which were still pending for a long time, involving hundreds of people. Huang was assigned to hear the three cases. He made an extraordinary move, "searching for malpractices, referring to catching the chief villain, governing the party in poverty and following the law.". The innocent people were sent by Zong Zong. For a moment, they were called "Pingyun", which was very impressive. After that, he was elected to take charge of the prison of the Ministry of criminal justice, and was transferred to the law office, which is specialized in revising and enacting laws. During more than ten years, he investigated and handled a large number of suspicious cases. During this period, he once served as a member of the criminal Department of Rehe City, clean and self-defense, strict law enforcement, "but Wengniute Mongolian public bribed, dethroned its Baron"; "assistant Li for three years, the Mongolian people satisfied. He also went to Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places to observe the people's situation and punish the corrupt officials. He was a doctor of the Ministry of punishment.

The selection of candidates for the imperial examination has always been regarded as the top priority by the imperial court, and the chief examiners of the rural examination are mostly the academicians and cabinet scholars trusted by the imperial court. Because of her profound learning and cultivation, Huang en Tong had to make an exception to receive this important task. In 1839, he was appointed as the same examiner of Shuntian rural examination and participated in the scientific examination for the first time. The following year (1840), he was appointed as the chief examiner of Guangxi Rural examination. He was praised by the government and the public for his talent. Later, it was released to the south of the Yangtze River salt Patrol (Sipin). At that time, the salt administration in Jianghuai area was lax, smuggling was rampant, and bandits were abundant. Huang en Tong managed the river surface meticulously. He "strictly checked the water course, selected the officers of the selection committee, checked the salt boats passing through the river from time to time, and seized hundreds of thousands of private and commercial Dendrobium, and submitted them to be dealt with strictly", which made the salt affairs in the south of the Yangtze River face unprecedented clean governance. Due to his outstanding achievements, he was appointed as the procurator general of Jiangsu Province (Sanpin) in less than a year and acted as the administrative agent of Nanjing.

Huang en Tong received the education of Confucian traditional culture since childhood, cherishing the ideal of "repair Qi and govern Ping". With his talent, he was born in the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong, and could not enter the Taige and become a prime minister at the beginning. But when China was faced with unprecedented changes in the late Qing Dynasty, its fate inevitably fluctuated with the changes of the times.

During the Opium War, the imperial court sent eLib, Qi Ying, Niu Jian and other high-ranking officials to negotiate with the British people. However, these high-ranking officials could not put down the airs of Imperial Envoys. They just sent Huang en Tong and bodyguard Xian Ling to negotiate. In the summer of 1842 (the 22nd year of Daoguang), along with Qi Ying and ILIB, they negotiated peace with the British invading army, and signed the Treaty of Nanjing on August 29, which was humiliating and humiliating. The Qing government conferred the title of second grade on him for his meritorious service of peace negotiation. Later, he went to Guangdong with Qi Ying and ILIB to sign the Sino British "five port trade constitution" with Britain. Since then, he has successively served as the inspector general of Guangdong and the chief executive, and was promoted to governor of Guangdong in 1845. During this period, on the one hand, he compromised the unreasonable demands of the British army to enter Guangzhou City; on the other hand, he was hostile to the anti British struggle of the Guangdong people, believing that "Guangdong is not in danger, not outside but inside". In 1846 (the 26th year of Daoguang), he was reprimanded by Shi Lun and demoted to use.

In 1847 (the 27th year of Daoguang), he returned to Ningyang on the ground that he was close to the old and took care of them according to the law. In 1851 (the first year of Xianfeng), he compiled Ningyang County annals in his hometown, which included his textual research articles such as chengchengbian and wenyangshuo.

In August 1848, Huang en Tong, because of his disagreement with the political officials Xu Guang Jin and Ye Ming Chen, and the death of his brother, requested to return home to support his parents. In March 1849, he returned to Ningyang. After the second Opium War, Huang en Tong was ordered to go to Tianjin with Qi Ying to negotiate peace. When he arrived, the treaty had been signed and he immediately returned home. Later, he wrote his experience and manuscripts of handling Westernization affairs into a book, a brief account of Fuyuan. In the preface of the book, he summed up his negotiation with westerners as follows: "hard and soft are used repeatedly and manipulated each other. Although he sometimes obeys his feelings, he does not dare to lose the national style a little" (preface to a brief account of Fuyuan). His success or failure provides a useful reference for China's modern diplomacy. When commenting on the foreign affairs officials in the draft of Qing Dynasty history, it pointed out that "if the imperial court had no plan to raise the border, it would be difficult for the sender to be granted the seal of Qi" (158 biographies of the draft of Qing Dynasty History). It pointed out that the main responsibility of the passive diplomacy at that time was that the imperial court had no peace and war, which made it difficult for the officials who were in the frontier and participated in the foreign affairs to deal with.

In May 1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng), the British and French allied forces captured Dagu fort, and the United States and Russia mediated. He was ordered to go to Tianjin to assist. When he arrived in Tianjin, the Treaty of Tianjin had been stipulated, and he still returned to his hometown. In 1859 (the ninth year of Xianfeng), he presided over the compilation of Ziyang County annals, which was completed in March. In the process of compiling the new records, he added materials and processed characters, which made the new records more colorful. In September 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng), the Nien army in Anhui Province entered the southwest of Shandong Province on a large scale. Huang entong was ordered to supervise the regiment training twice to resist the Nien army. Inspired by the history of "being as fierce as Fanchong and shile, still trapped by the people of the barrier", he initiated the method of linking villages to build fortresses, implemented the strategy of strengthening the walls and clearing the wild, so that the Nian Army could not be captured and had to cross the border. According to the annals of Ningyang County published in the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, "the village fortress of Ningyang is actually the policy of strengthening the wall and clearing the wild, which started from Tianfu village, and then came into effect in all villages. One village and one fort, or several villages together for a fort, gradually to the battlements, momentum contact, all of the defensive have known. If there are policemen, they will enter the fort and guard together. If the thieves leave, they will work hard. Not only is there no wasteland in the wild, but also there is no such thing as a household's fresh tax.

In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Huang en Tong was 60 years old. He collated the Fu and poems he wrote in his life, transcribed them in person, and wrote the collection of Zhi Zhi Tang. His works between the ages of 35 and 50 are 13 volumes, which are the main works; his works between the ages of 50 and 60 are 6 volumes, which are the sequels; his works are 6 volumes; his works are 4 volumes, and his works are 1 volume; his poems are 1 volume; his works are 1 volume. According to the author's own Preface: "as for the zoudu, there is another special note. The Zhiyi has been published. It is a collection that is not published. It will be published instead of daring to publish it. It will be preserved in various schools so that scholars will not be abandoned. Zhiyu will be engaged in it until he is old. He will not be tired of persuading others to learn. He will not be afraid to refuse to write a book Most of the collected poems and essays are plain and natural, and there is no need to carve them out. We can understand his official career and mental activities from them, which is an important material for the study of Huang en Tong and related history. It is not difficult to see his love for his hometown when the famous poem Caishan Fu is placed at the beginning of the volume.

In 1870 (the ninth year of Tongzhi), he wrote 60 volumes of Jianping bielu. The book is unique in its comments on historical events and figures. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Huang en Tong was 75 years old, and his poems and essays written after 70 years old were recorded as one volume, which took Liu Yu Xi's poetic idea of "Mo Dao sang Yu late, for the Xia Shang man Tian", and named it "Yu Xia Ji". At that time, Huang en Tong had lived in his hometown for 25 years and had seen the changes of the world, the vicissitudes of the world and the war. As a result of living among the people for a long time, he had a good understanding of the people's livelihood and the corruption of petty officials. Among them, the collected poems and essays, such as cailiao ballad, xuzuili, you Laomin in Nancun and Liangsheng, were all concerned about the people. He paid more attention to the people's sufferings and put forward the idea of "conquering foreigners with foreigners". He analyzed the pros and cons of the communication between China and the west, and advocated "escaping from foreigners" It is believed that "foreigners can be controlled". In particular, it is worth affirming that Huang en Tong cared about agriculture and wrote and collated a large number of works related to agricultural production, including two volumes of qujubixiaolu and seven volumes of Hegan Zhuyu. The former is a monograph on locust control. At that time, the drought locust infested Ningyang area year after year. The author has personally participated in locust hunting, and carefully collected and sorted out the folk experience in locust control. In the preface, Huang en Tong recorded: "it's a service. I bowed to see the situation. Zhou consulted Tian Fu Yelao. He was well aware of the advantages and disadvantages. Because of the regulations on hushin days, he wrote it in a book, which was divided into two volumes. It was called "Quyu Bixiao Lu" to talk about the use of other days in a hurry. The effect of a man is not necessary, but the effect of a trial is necessary. The main purpose of this book is to persuade the people to catch locusts by themselves. The common people are simple and quick, so as not to delay the legacy. All official affairs should be done according to the law. Although the humble is not very high, those who pay attention to civil affairs may also take advantage of it

Chinese PinYin : Huang En Tong