Huang Qiyu

Huang Qiyu

Huang Qiyu (1599-1667), named Xiangchen and Pingzhai, was born in Guangmei, Jieyang County, Chaozhou prefecture (now in Rongcheng District of Jieyang City). He was a Jinshi of wuchenke in 1628 (Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty). He once served as magistrate of Gu'an County and editor of Hanlin Academy. After Qing Dynasty's entry, he served as Zhan Shi, Minister of rites, Minister of rites and Minister of war of all dynasties. He returned home in his old age and died in Jieyang.

Huang Qiyu was a political man with a good reputation. When the Ming and Qing Dynasties changed, he assisted the Southern Ming Dynasty in fighting against the Qing Dynasty, and later retired to his hometown. Jieyang Wuchen is one of the four Jinshi, ranked "eight Chaozhou sages.".

Huang Qiyu's original works include the collection of poems in green garden and the collection of essays in Pingzhai, both of which have been lost. Among the extant works, there are only one article in Jieyang county annals, namely, Hanyuan tower record, one poem in Guojiu garden pavilion, and some poems in folk couplets.

brief account of the author's life

Huang Qiyu was named Xiangchen and Pingzhai. In his later years, he was called Lvyuan resident. Huang Qiyu was born in 1599 in Guangmei village, Yuhu County, Jieyang County, Chaozhou prefecture (now in Rongcheng District, Jieyang City, Guangdong Province, see Li Hongxin's 1991: Chronicles of Chaoshan city. Historical evolution of Chaoshan area)

Huang Qiyu was born in poverty. In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), he was a Jinshi of Wuchen branch. In 1631 (the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), he was granted the magistrate of Gu'an County. In 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen reign of Ming Dynasty), he was promoted to the editor of Hanlin academy, and participated in the compilation of xizongshi Lu, which has been accepted and annotated by Chunfang. In 1644 (the 17th year of Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty), Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Meishan of Beijing. The descendants of Zhu Ming Dynasty established the Southern Ming Dynasty in Guangdong and Guangxi. In 1648 (the fifth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), Huang Qiyu took up the post of Zhan Shi of Zhan Shi Mansion in Yongli Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty. He was promoted to the Minister of rites, and later to the Minister of rites and arms. During the Southern Ming Dynasty, the central ministers were divided into Wu and Chu parties. In the name of his mother's death, Huang Qiyu returned to his hometown, claiming to be a "green garden hermit", entertaining himself with poetry and teaching his children. According to Xia Wen Shi and Zhi, Huang Qiyu died in 1667 (the sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty).

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Huang Qiyu's ancestors originally lived in POMEI, Chaoyang City (now Chaoyang District, Shantou City). In the middle of Yuan Dynasty, Huang Fengxi moved to Yuhu (now Rongcheng District, Jieyang City), and Huang Qiyu was the 11th generation of Huang family in Guangmei. His grandfather Huang Zhihuai was called ShaoZhai. Father Huang Hongxian, the word is Haoran. Huang Qiyu has three brothers. The second brother, Hong Yu, and the third brother, Zheng Yu.

Huang Qiyun was poor when he was a child. His father often went out to make a living in the farm. Huang Qi's mother was filial when he was in trouble, so he took the responsibility of collecting feces when he was young. Due to his poor family, Huang Qiyu was unable to study in a private school, so he listened to the teacher outside his study. He was intelligent and had a strong memory. Chen Baoshi, the teacher of the private school, showed his love for his talents and allowed him to study in the private school for free. Logistics hard to study, and finally in the year of the weak crown in the scholar, and then admitted to the government school students.

In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), Huang Qi met in Beijing and went to try to be a Jinshi of zhongwuchenke. In this section, Chaozhou government ranked first in the list, including Jieyang Guo Zhiqi, Huang Qiyu, song Zhaoyi, Haiyang Gu Chaojian, Raoping Liang Yinglong, Yang Rensi, Puning Chen Suo Xian and Cheng Xiang Li Shichun. Because Cheng township was changed to Jiaying Prefecture, later generations counted Li Shichun and called the other seven Chaozhou's later seven sages. Gu Chaojian was listed as Jieyang Juzi because he applied for the examination in Jieyang, so he was called Jieyang Wuchen Sijun together with the three Jieyang Juzi in the same list, and built "Longfei Shousheng square" in Xuanhua street of Jieyang City.

After Huang Qiyu ascended the throne, he was given leave in April as a rule to visit his relatives and get married. When he returned to his hometown, because his father had been working for a long time, he had to go back to Beijing for several months. However, he was not given the official title yet, but he was surprised to hear that his father had died in a foreign land. He immediately became filial, asked for leave, and went back to his hometown to keep the system. It was not until the winter of 1630 that Huang Qiyu returned to Beijing to wait for his recovery.

In 1631 (the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), the county magistrate of Gu'an was vacant, and the Ministry of officials planned to select capable people to take up the post. Huang Qiyu, the Marquis of Beijing, was elected. Located on the Bank of the Yongding River and adjacent to the capital, the county is an important water and land hub, which has always been difficult to govern. The former two magistrates were either jailed or demoted for some reason. After he took office in Gu'an County, Huang Qiyu often investigated the people's situation. He learned that the county captain didn't do his duty of keeping the land and pacifying the people. He only knew how to collect money and disturb the people, frame up the good for stealing, and the Yamen officer even made a profit for the tiger. So he bravely eradicated the traitors, got rid of the bad government, and promptly punished the criminals according to the law. In addition, the case handling and punishment of adultery will be set as a warning to future generations. During his term of office, Huang Qiyu presided over the compilation of Gu'an County annals.

In 1634 (the seventh year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), Huang Qiyu's term of office was over, and he went to Beijing to wait for another tune as usual. However, at that time, eunuch Zhang Yixian was in power, and Huang Qiyu did not want to go along with him. In addition, the construction of Gu'an city had not yet been completed, so he took the initiative to request that he continue to return to Gu'an County to succeed him. At that time, Gu'an city had shallow HaoGou, low city walls and poor military defense ability. He paid hard-working workers every day and stepped up the construction of city walls. When the fees were not enough, they took the lead in donating money. On the one hand, they raised money from various sources. On the other hand, they used the money confiscated by prisoners to purchase iron weapons, forge weapons, manufacture various kinds of big and small guns, train troops and prepare for war. Officials and civilians responded one after another and completed the fortification task of Gu'an city in a short time.

In 1635 (the eighth year of Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty), the Qing army invaded and the Ming army retreated. When the Qing army attacked Gu'an City, many officials and rich families of Gu'an fled to other places with their families and assets in order to avoid the disaster. Huang Qiyu Xiaoyu common people, strong city against the enemy, on the run to kill no amnesty, to calm people. And personally led the soldiers to the city to guard, day and night. At the same time, the sick were given medicine and the cold were given clothes. He loaned food to those who fled into the city to meet their urgent needs. In the dense forest area, he falsely set up the banner of "Bian Shuai" and doubted the soldiers until the main force of the Qing army came to attack the city. Huang Qiyu commanded the artillery to bombard the enemy and defended Gu'an city to avoid the disaster of slaughtering the city. Later Huang was transferred to Dong'an County Magistrate. During his term of office, he reformed the current malpractices, abolished the old and bad customs, and eliminated the apportionment of more than 3000 liang of silver, which won the support of the people.

In 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty), Huang Qiyu was promoted by the emperor to edit the Hanlin Academy for his outstanding achievements. He participated in the compilation of the record of Xizong, and was appointed as the prince Chunfang zhongyun and the emperor's living note. Soon after his mother died of illness, Huang returned home on leave.

1644 (the 17th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty). Li Zicheng's army entered the capital, Chongzhen hanged himself in the coal mountain, Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the pass, defeated Li Chuang's peasant army, which changed the color of the river and mountain, while Huang Qiyu was still in the process of keeping the system. In May of the same year, King Fu Zhu Yousong established himself in Nanjing (known as Nanming in History). In the second year, he changed his name to Hongguang. It was 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, the first year of Hongguang in Nanming). In June, King Fu was defeated and captured, and Hongguang died. During this period, Huang Qiyu was at home. He did not go to the assistant government because of his filial piety and shame of working with Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng, who were good at power in the Hongguang Dynasty.

In June of 1645 (the second year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty), after the death of Hongguang's regime, Zhu Yujian, the king of the Tang Dynasty, established himself in Fuzhou, built yuan and Longwu, that is to say, he handed down the imperial edict to Kuang Ming Dynasty. Huang Qiyu was called to Fuzhou to assist the Ming Dynasty in fighting against the Qing Dynasty, and was appointed as the Minister of shaozhan. At that time, most of the former ministers from Fujian and Guangdong provinces went to assist the government. Li Chengdong, the general of the Qing Dynasty, led his troops to Fuzhou in August 1646 (the third year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, that is, the second year of Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty). Zhu Yujian died and Longwu's political power died. Huang Qiyu and Chen Bangyan, head of the Ministry of war, Chen Zizhuang, Bachelor of Arts, Zhang Jiayu, censor of Jianjun, Chen Shijie, deputy envoy Huang Gongfu, and Chen Zisheng, governor of tuiguan returned to Guangzhou from the sea. Taking advantage of his victory, Li Chengdong went to Guangdong and offered a reward for the search of Ming Dynasty officials who fought against the Qing Dynasty. Huang Qiyu was also among the targets.

In 1646 (the third year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty), after the death of Longwu's political power, Zhu Yuxuan and Zhu Youlang, the king of Guangxi, were established in Guangzhou and Zhaoqing respectively in November. They were Shaowu and Yongli of the Southern Ming Dynasty (the next year, they were reformed). In December, Guangzhou was captured by the Qing army, Emperor Shaowu died in Guangzhou, and Shaowu regime died in 41 days. Zhu Youlang established the yuan Yongli in 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the first year of Yongli in the Southern Ming Dynasty). Because he was on the run, he didn't answer the call.

In 1649 (the sixth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, that is, the third year of Yongli in the Southern Ming Dynasty), Li Chengdong returned to the Ming Dynasty, and Hunan and Guangdong were restored. Emperor Yongli moved from Guilin to Zhaoqing. He specially called on Huang Qiyu to confer on Zhan Shifu, Zhan Shifu, and Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of rites. He presided over the Ministry Affairs and served as a lecturer of the feast. Due to the gradual recovery of Jiang and Chu, the frequent reports of success, and the rumors of false information by some people who are good at flattering and making profits, many scholars thought that they could recover the river and mountain in the morning and evening. Ma Jixiang, the music department, took the lead in setting up a guard of honor for emperor Yongli, preparing his car and offering flattery. All the nobles followed suit, singing and drinking every day and looking at each other in the middle of the night. Huang Qiyu, who entered into the book of Mengzi Yu's will to drink wine, pointed out bitterly that "how can we recover the power of Kuangfu by singing and drinking wildly". However, the atmosphere has opened, and it is hard to return. However, Emperor Yongli paid more attention to Huang Qiyu. He was promoted to minister of rites in 1650 (the seventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, that is, the fourth year of Yongli in the Southern Ming Dynasty), and still served as a lecturer of Jingyan.

During Huang Qiyu's tenure as an official in Yongli Dynasty, there was a fierce struggle among the gangs in the dynasty. Wu Zhenyu, Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, and WAN Ao, Minister of the Ministry of war, falsely accused Huang Qiyu of being bribed by Huang Wei. Huang argued for reasons before he was clarified. Later, Wan Ao, the Minister of the Ministry of war, and others conspired to frame Huang for many times, intending to kill him. Huang Qiyu saw that the government was corrupt, his career was rough, and he was unable to show his ambition. So he went to Sanshu and told the court to go back to his hometown.

After Huang Qiyu returned to his hometown, he could not enter the city, but also called Pingzhai. He sat down every day, wrote books and lessons, and called himself a green garden resident. He indulged in the mountains and rivers, and was happy in poetry and prose until his death. In 1667 (the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), Huang Qiyu died at the age of 68. He was buried in liyugou, Puning, Guangdong Province

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