Xianyushu

Xianyushu

Xianyushu (1246-1302), with the name of Boji, is a poor scholar and Zhiji old man. In his later years, he lived in the camp named "poor school Zhai". His ancestral home is Dexing Prefecture of Jin Dynasty (now Zhuolu County of Zhangjiakou). He was born in Bianliang (now Kaifeng of Henan Province). He is of Han nationality. He is from Dadu (now Beijing) and Yuyang (now Jizhou District of Tianjin). He is a famous calligrapher of Yuan Dynasty and lives in Yangzhou and Hangzhou. In the sixth year of Dade (1302), he was appointed as Taichang Dianbo. During the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, he was elected xuanweisi of eastern Zhejiang Province, and later changed to the capital of eastern Zhejiang Province.

In his later years, Xian Yushu was appointed to the Imperial Academy. Good poetry and antiques, famous in the world, calligraphy is the most remarkable achievement. Zhu Quan of Ming Dynasty listed it among 150 "Ci Lin Yingjie". There is a biography of the new history of the Yuan Dynasty. Xianyushu is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. You Gong's cursive script is full of wine, poetry and words. Zhao Mengfu attached great importance to it. There are miscellaneous records of kuixuezhai and poetry collection of kuixuezhai.

Character experience

According to the epitaph of Xianyu Fu Jun, Xianyu Shu's Gaozu once served as an official, and his grandfather "studied for great righteousness, not for science and industry". After the Mongol army conquered Dexing mansion, they fled south with their families and went to Juyong Pass where they were killed by "thieves". Their grandmother took her family around. In 1232, the first year of Tianxing reign of Jin AI Zong, they went north to settle in Fanyang (now Zhuozhou, Hebei). Xian Yushu's father is engaged in the work of transporting grain. All year round to and from Zhongdu, Dadu, Bianliang, Yangzhou and Hangzhou. Xianyushu moved with his father when he was young. Xian Yushu has the generosity and heroism of northerners. He is tall and has a thick beard. His friends call him "the bearded man". Liu Guan, a poet of the same period, said that he "had a magnificent face, and every time he was drunk, he wrote poems and words in a strange way. His drinking poems are especially broad-minded and gratifying, and he is often recited when he is satisfied. From the very beginning, his conceited and casual character led to various conflicts with his surroundings and the upper authorities. After 1265, Xian Yushu successively worked in Bianliang, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Jinhua and other places to take up some middle and lower level official positions, which was not smooth. He often quarrels with his superiors about right and wrong in the public court. If he doesn't agree with his superiors, he just goes away and is loved by the common people, saying "I'm rare in the public.". He went to the government three times or was demoted. After 37 years old, he settled down in Hangzhou and built a study studio in Hulin, West Lake. In 1302, Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty was awarded the book of Taichang temple. Before he took office, he died in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). He was only 57 years old. The tomb is located in the original nursery of Xixi Road, Hangzhou (Hangzhou Chengxi Forest Park). he was attacked in the third year of Dade (1299) and went to the government in Jinhua. The specific reason is unknown. What we can know is that his departure from office has dealt him a great blow. In this year, he wrote 10 poems in a row called Zhili old man. Zhilishu, or "zhilishu", is a humble figure described in Zhuangzi. Because of his physical disability and incomplete body, he avoided many times of heavy military service and corvee, thus preserving the leader. As a matter of fact, Xian Yushu is taking this as his condition to relieve his anger! It was in this year that his second son, Xianyu biqiang, died, which dealt him a heavy blow again. Two years later, xianyushu himself died of illness. At the age of 57, he was buried near his home. In 1989, his tomb came to light again, but only 14 pieces of inkstones, seals and other funerary objects were unearthed, all of which belonged to the study.

Refuting the rumor: "Zhao Mengfu's persecution is rare"

Xian Yushu was born in the first year of dingzong (1246) and died in the sixth year of Dade (1302) at the age of 57; Zhao Mengfu was born in the second year of Baoyou (1254) and died in the second year of Zhizhi (1322) at the age of 69. They met around 1278, the 15th year of the Zhiyuan period, and they had been in contact for 24 years. Although both of them are traveling north and South in the official career, they always get together whenever they have a chance to talk about arts and culture. Especially when Zhao Mengfu retired from his illness and Wu Xing was promoted to Zhejiang Confucianism, his contacts should be closer. Xian Yushu and Zhao Mengfu are art confidants who cherish each other. In Zhao Mengfu's original words, "it's the same as saying," when you see the past, you stay together "and" when secretaries come and go, you get something from each other. ". Not only did they share the same appreciation, doubt or analysis, but also "wonderful Jin Tang tie" and "finally get jade hook" also "shake hands and play with each other, happy to see the color." Before Zhao Mengfu arrived in the capital, Xian Yushu had already vigorously publicized Zhao Mengfu to Tian Yan and other friends, saying that he had a simple and distant look, like a fairy. When Zhao Mengfu was still addicted to song Gaozong's calligraphy, Xian Yushu woke up the dreamer with another word: let him start from the right army. Since then, Zhao Mengfu has made great progress in his calligraphy, with his style and style. He has been among the Jin people, laying a foundation for him to become a great calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty. Both Xian Yushu and Zhao Mengfu are good at Guqin. Xian Yushu found Xu Jingyang's hand planted tongs, set up two Guqin "Zhenlei" and "Zhenyu", and sent "Zhenyu" to Zhao Mengfu. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, a special group of literati was active around Hangjiahu. They often held activities similar to "Yaji". It is a pleasure to talk about art, appreciate books and paintings, and listen to guqin. The place of "elegant collection" is often in the home of rich collectors, and the sleepy study room, which is rarely seen in Shu, seems to be one of the centers of "elegant collection". The participants included adherents of the Song Dynasty, such as Zhou Mi, officials of the Yuan Dynasty, such as Qiao kucheng and Qiu e, famous calligraphers and painters, such as Zhao Mengfu and Xian Yushu, and collectors, such as Zhang Qian.

Main achievements

There are about 40 calligraphy works handed down by Xian Yushu, most of which are cursive and mainly ink. His calligraphy started with the calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty, and then traced back to the two kings of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is good at writing with his wrist hanging. He likes to use wolf hair and emphasizes bone strength. His big regular script is vigorous, round and vigorous, majestic and regular. The running script is strict, full and natural. The cursive script learns from huaisu and can bring forth new ideas by itself. It is bold and bold. In Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen tasted that "he is fresh and erudite, has a strong sense of talent, looks great and bearded, and is like Heshuo's father. When I saw him in the grass, he often won with his strength, but lacked his attitude. He was just like his man, so he claimed that he was gradually losing out to Zhao Wuxing. Because of his low official position in his whole life, he often wrote poems at home, so he was able to give full play to his artistic ability. Apart from his calligraphy expertise, he was also a litterateur and wrote many poems. He can also compose music, play piano well, and be proficient in cultural relic identification. It is because of his extensive artistic cultivation and his integration into calligraphy that he has become a master of calligraphy. Hsien Yu Shu learned calligraphy at an early age, but he failed to do so as the ancients. When he writes, he often uses the center to return his wrist, his pen and ink are drenched and pure, his momentum is majestic and ups and downs, and his words are in a strange state when he is drunk. Xianyushu also has regular script, Xingshu and cursive script, especially cursive script. His skill is very solid, hanging his wrist for writing, strong pen, the author of "trapped learning Zhai Ji.". Xianyushu is as famous as Zhao Mengfu. He is also known as the "giant" of the Yuan Dynasty. He is also known as "Er Miao" and "Er Jie", but his influence is slightly inferior to Zhao Mengfu.

Poetry works

There are more than 40 ink works of xianyushu, which are divided into regular script, running script and cursive script. His representative works include Laozi's moral classics, Su Shi's Haitang poems, Han Yu's academic interpretation, and on cursive script. The most lovely green curtain sways the long bar. Idle life, occupy the fishing state. Smoke floating thatched cottage plum near the wall, water around the chaiyishan window. When the bamboo fence, barking dog barking. [Yao] in the setting sun, I see Yuanpu returning to the boat, and the sails are strong and the wind is falling. When the mountain city wants to close, listen to the garrison drum. Crow noise ten million points late, cold goose Book empty three or four lines. Draw to the small screen, stop at night. [da'anle] people laugh at my foolishness and stupidity, but Xiaoxiang's shadow is full of makeup, not to mention Liu Xiang and sun Pang. Near the small window, who envies biyou building? [yuanheling] long loin cooked with japonica rice, bream boiled with rice. It's a matter of right and wrong to drink wine in an empty VAT. He clapped his hands and sang the fishing song, regardless of the tune. The waves were heavy and the water was boundless. The slanting cable of the boat damaged the bridge piles. Fiber pole coir hat, falling plum wind fishing cold river.

Work evaluation

Among xianyushu's existing ink works, Su Shi's Haitang poetry volume can be regarded as one of the representative works. This line of papyrus is 34.5 cm in length and 584 cm in width. It is a record of Su Shi's seven words chanting Haitang. After the volume, there are many Calligraphers' postscripts and collections since Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In the autumn of the Yuan Dynasty, guiba said: "Xianyu Weng caoshu cultivates the six senses" (the author's note: "six arts" refers to the six classics of Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, le and Chunqiu). We all know that he is powerful and vigorous, but we don't know that he has six righteousness in his heart. " Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty said: "Mr. Gai Dongpo has written Haitang poems for many times, no less than ten books. Boji wants to attach famous and virtuous poems to his books, so he should do his best to pay for them." This volume is written by Xianyu Shu with flexible hard letters, mainly in running script, and also in cursive style. As Yuan sleeve, a man of Yuan Dynasty, said, "he is good at turning back his wrists, so his writing is full of vigor. Maybe he should use more of the Tang method." Ruan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty also said that xianyushu had "lively and powerful handwriting between sun Guoting and Li Beihai (Yong)". A close examination of this volume shows that there are many similarities with Yan's "manuscript of offering sacrifices to nephew", "Liu Zhong Shi tie" and "tie of contending for a seat". There are more than 200 words in the whole article, which are "to pay with all one's strength" and "to pay with no one's pen". From the point of view of the use of strokes, the front is astringent, the ink is concentrated, the round force is powerful, and the beginning and ending, the setback and the turning of each stroke They are calm, but they change a lot. For example, ink gathering into "points", including punctual points, side points, pick points, even potential arrangement points, etc., which are large or small, light or heavy, well knit and seamless. All the elements of horizontal, vertical, skimming and pressing can make the best of it, such as miasma

Chinese PinYin : Xian Yu Shu