Bao Linghui

Bao Linghui

Bao Linghui, a female litterateur of the Southern Dynasties, was born in Donghai (now Tancheng County, Linyi City, Shandong Province). She was the younger sister of Bao Zhao, a famous litterateur. She was born in poverty, but she could write poetry. Bao Linghui is the only female writer who left her works in song and Qi dynasties. There was a collection of Xiangming Fu handed down to the world, but now it has been lost. Some of them are still handed down, such as the grass by the green river, the guest coming from afar, the gift of ancient meaning to modern people, and the poem by Guo Xiaoyu, the wife of Ge Salmonella.

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Bao Linghui, born in Donghai (now Tancheng County, Shandong Province), was a poetess of Song Dynasty in Southern Dynasty. Bao Zhao's younger sister has a poor family and is good at love. Zhong Rong said that she was from the Southern Qi Dynasty in Shi pin, but from Bao Zhao's asking for leave to tell us that the only sister died, it seems that she died about the time of emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty.

According to Zhong Rong's Shi pin, Bao Zhao once said to Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu, "Chen Mei is inferior to Zuo Fen, and Chen Cai is inferior to Taichong er." (Zuo Fen is Zuo Si, the sister of Zuo Taichong, and also has a lot of poetic talent.) it can be seen that Bao Linghui has outstanding poetic talent. Zhong Rong said that her poems "are often very clear and ingenious, especially archaic", but criticized her for "a hundred wishes to be obscene", which probably means that her poems are mainly about Acacia.

Bao Linghui's poems are rarely passed down. Seven of his poems are recorded in Yutai Xinyong. Among them, his poems are imitated by the ancients, such as "sending a pedestrian after a book is inscribed" and "imitating a guest coming from afar". In Qing Dynasty, Qian Zhenlun annotated his poems in Bao Canjun Ji. Bao Linghui's poems are attached to Qian Zhonglian's notes on Bao's participation in the army.

Clear and ingenious

There are few historical records about Bao Linghui's life. There are also great differences about the native places of her and Bao Zhao. Some say Lianshui people, others say Guanyun people. In fact, they are from Tancheng, Shandong Province, and later moved to Jiankang. This problem has been discussed by Comrade Zhang Zhiyue in his article "a new exploration of Bao Zhao and his poems" (literary review, 1979, No. 1), so it is unnecessary to repeat it here. Bao Linghui lived in a poor family. Bao Zhao talked about the situation of his family and said: "Chen beizhou is declining, and his body and land are isolated and cheap." He also said, "if you have a negative salary for your vegetables, you will have to wait until you are finished." (notes on Bao's joining the Army: visiting the minister) Bao Zhao said that it was exaggerating for his family to rely on their own firewood and vegetables to make a living. However, in the southern and Northern Dynasties, when "the top class had no humble family and the bottom class had no aristocratic family", Bao Zhao said that "the body and the land were isolated and cheap", which was not too much. Bao Zhao's family, born alone, only sister Bao Linghui and Bao Zhao accompany day and night, so the relationship between brother and sister is unusual. Bao Zhao once wrote Dai Dong men Xing, which expresses his melancholy feelings of leaving home and staying at home.

The wounded birds are frightened, and the tired guests are frightened. From the sound of breaking off guest feelings, guests are tears. The heart is broken, and will go back. A breath does not know each other, not to mention a foreign land. Far away, far away, day and night. The residents lie in the boudoir and have lunch at midnight. The wild wind blows on the plants and breaks the heart. Plum is often bitter and sour, Pueraria is often bitter and cold. People are full of silk and bamboo. Long song to masturbate, bridge the end of long hate.

This poem describes the sad scene when he left home, and among the people who saw him off, Bao Linghui was the main character. Along the way, Bao Zhao's mind is haunted by Bao Linghui with tears on his face. When he came to the side of the Dalei pool, his homesickness became more heavy and gloomy, and his nostalgia for Bao Linghui became more urgent. So he wrote a book named "dengdalei an and Mei Shu", which is an extraordinary way of writing, and told Bao Linghui about his journey in detail The way of seeing and hearing, and earnestly admonish my sister: "cold and heat is difficult to adapt, you are careful, night caution, do not read for me."

These poems, which were deeply affectionate, spread to Bao Linghui and made her feel like seeing Bao Zhao's hard journey

Since you came out,

Linxuan

I don't understand.

stone block and wooden club for laundering clothes

The high gate is always closed in the day.

In front of the court, huazilan is shining.

When things are withered, we will know what is different.

Travel

late winter

Do, in addition to spring to wait for you.

Here, Bao Linghui tells Bao Zhao: since Bao Zhao left home, he has never been happy. Sitting in front of the window and looking at Bao Zhao's way home, he was more worried. I dare not start the anvil and pestle at night. As soon as I use the anvil and pestle, I will miss you, so I have to close the door early. In the tent, the firefly is the companion; in the court, the purple orchid is the friend. From the withering of vegetation, we know the change of time sequence; from the letters brought by messengers, we know the coldness of travelers. I only hope that once winter is over, tourists will come with spring.

When Bao Zhao arrived at Rensuo, he probably didn't go home immediately to visit his relatives, which made Bao Linghui's wish of "waiting for you to return in spring" fail. So Bao Linghui wrote another song "show pedestrians" (also titled "send pedestrians"):

Two or three branches of Cinnamomum, four or five leaves of orchid.

When you don't come back, spring breeze laughs at me.

In the warm spring, Bao Linghui saw the flowers fall and bloom, and the spring began again. But his wish was not as timely as the spring breeze. It seemed that he was bound to attract the mockery of the spring breeze, so he was very embarrassed. This little poem, the change of time sequence, written naturally by GUI and LAN, has no trace of far fetched turning point. Emotional sustenance, with the help of the east wind to promote the blooming of spring flowers, expresses deep and profound, gorgeous and solemn, implicit and bright, elegant and simple. Just as Wang Fuzhi said: "the original quality of the little poem is not too hasty. The chapter" Panasonic asks the boy "is written from then on." (Chuanshan ancient poetry selection)

Bao Linghui died before Bao Zhao. At that time, Bao Zhao was ill and had a pessimistic idea of the next life. When he learned of Bao Linghui's death and looked back on his "lonely and bitter life", only Bao Linghui and himself "share the same fate". Now he has lost his compatriots who share weal and woe, and "he will never be able to live forever and never be expected to see them", and "he has a deep feeling of personal hatred and pain" (notes on Bao's joining the Army: asking for leave). At first, the boss only allowed Bao Zhao to take 30 days off at home. The death of his sister and the loneliness of his mother made Bao Zhao ask for a hundred days' leave again in order to ask his sad heart. But how can Bao Zhao's loss of his sister's heart be relieved in a short time? Especially at home, seeing and cherishing the old things adds to my heavy heart. In the morning, he climbed the Nanshan Mountain to see his younger sister buried in the soil. It was also in the autumn, "the autumn Hibiscus was in the dew, and the cold rose was in the wind", which was more helpful to his feelings. Therefore, he was "sad and sad, how sad it is.". So he wrote the ode to mourning the past. "Ode to mourning the past" describes Bao Zhao's mourning for Bao Linghui's melancholy, touching and tearful, from which we can see the deep feelings of Bao's brothers and sisters.

The friendship between Bao's brother and sister prompted them to return their poems and express their nostalgia and mutual concern. These not only formed a theme of Bao Zhao's poems and became a famous piece handed down from generation to generation, but also constituted a major theme of Bao Linghui's poems. Bao Linghui's poems and essays, with deep affection and considerable popularity, eventually became an important writer in the literary world.

There are four other topics and six poems in Bao Linghui's poems. The first one is "the grass by the Green River", the second one is "the guest comes from afar", and the third one is "the ancient meaning is given to the present" (this poem is a woman's wish to send her husband home). Shen Deqian mistakenly wrote Wu maiyuan's poems in the source of ancient poems, and the fourth is the poems by Guo Xiaoyu, the wife of Dai Ge Salmonella. These poems belong to the works of imitating ancient Yuefu Poems. Therefore, Zhong Rong said that Bao Linghui "imitates the ancient especially wins.". The best part lies in the fact that the final sentence "is always clear and ingenious". Only taking "quasi green grass by the river" as an example, we can see the basic characteristics of Bao Linghui's poetry creation.

Curling bamboo near the window and hanging tung trees at the door.

Scorching

Qingxuan

Female, in the cold high platform.

Mingzhi Yiqiu frost,

fair complexion

It's spring red.

Life who do not leave, hate Jun early from the army.

Song string shame night moon, cyan Dai shame spring breeze.

This poem is based on the grass by the Qingqing River in Nineteen Ancient Poems. Compared with the two poems, although they have some similarities in techniques, the two poems express different characters' identities and emotions, thus giving people the feeling of "being better than blue". The former is the wife of a dissolute son, while the latter is the wife of a husband; the former is a brothel advocate, and the latter is a dignified lady; the former is a dissolute son who resents and slanders the dissolute son, and the latter is a husband who yearns for Yuanrong. Due to the different identities of the characters, the feelings expressed are not only significantly different in the way, but also different in the connotation of expressing feelings. The former is a woman who was born in an advocate family. She can't bear to be lonely. She is not only straightforward but also shallow. The latter is the use of Bixing technique, to tell his feelings to Zhengfu, to Mingzhi: "Mingzhi Yiqiu frost, jade Yan Yan Yan Chunhong." This is the thought of women's loyalty, noble interest naturally out. "Singing the string to shame the moon at night, cyan Dai to shame the spring breeze", expresses his expectation and the sorrow that this expectation can not be realized. Bao Linghui is quite creative in developing new ideas by borrowing old topics.

Bao Linghui's four questions and five poems all belong to the category of missing wife and husband. It is difficult to determine whether Bao Linghui had a husband in Beishu. There may be, or it may be purely archaic. However, in any case, Bao Linghui's works of imitating the ancients are all handy and creative. Zhong Rong once complained about this, criticizing that "only Baiyuan is lewd", that is to say, she accused her of being too emotional and not implicit. As a matter of fact, these poems are written by a woman. They are full of talents and profound emotions. It should be said that they are a strength rather than a flaw. As for Chen yinqian's saying that Bao Linghui's Poems "are also the stream of midnight", it is not without bias to regard Bao Linghui's poems as beautiful love songs of the Southern Dynasties.

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Zhong Rong, a critic of poetry theory in the Liang Dynasty, believes that the southern and Northern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty are the best

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