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Gao Chan, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was born and died in the Bohai Sea (now Cangzhou, Hebei Province). He was born in a humble family, but he was tired. In the third year of Qianfu (876), Zhao Zong ascended to Jinshi, and Zhao Zong was a Zhongguan of qianning to Zhongcheng of Yushi. Be friendly with Zheng Gu. His life can be seen in the new history of the Tang Dynasty (4), chronicle of Tang Poetry (6.1) and biography of Tang talented scholars (9). Sun Guangxian said that "although his poetry is clear, his work is extremely dangerous, and his ideas are sparse" (Volume 7 of BEIMENG Suoyan). Xin Wenfang, on the other hand, called his poems "majestic, harmonious and far-reaching, like the wind and rain coming, things moving, further study in Li cave" (Volume 9 of the biography of Tang talented scholars).

brief account of the author's life

(around A.D. 881) the word is unknown. It was born in Heshuo. The year of birth and death is unknown, about the time of emperor Fu Zong in Tang Dynasty. Poor family, work poetry, magnificent momentum. Though a man and a thousand gold, don't take them without righteousness. Ten years ago, the house failed to win the first prize. It hurt its own fortune. He made friends with Zheng Gu, a doctor, and was called elder Gao. In the third year of Qianfu (A.D. 876), he was recommended by Gao Shilang and became a Jinshi. In the middle of qianning (around 896 A.D.), he was an official to the censor Zhongcheng. Toad wrote a collection of poems, which was passed down to the world.

Tang Dynasty poet. Heshuo (north of Shanxi and Hebei) people. The year of birth and death is unknown. Originally, he was a poor scholar. He was unconventional and unconventional in nature. A man and a thousand gold will not suffer death for no reason. " (Biography of Tang gifted scholars) it took ten years to get rid of it. He wrote a poem with resentment and said: "he drove his worries with the autumn rain, but he led his hatred back to the spring wind." (Xia Di Chu Chun Ming men) once wrote a poem between the provincial walls: "Yang Chun's hair does not have a hateful base, but depends on the east wind to blow" (one of spring). Tang Xizong Qianfu three years (876) Jinshi. During the reign of qianning, Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty, he was an official to Zhongcheng. Being friendly with Zheng Gu and Guan Xiu, Zheng Gu wrote the poem "Gao Chan's ancestors express their achievements in poems and send rewards" and Guan Xiu wrote the poem "avoid the land and send Gao Chan". Gao Chan's five and seven character temperament is unique, and he mostly writes about feelings, indignation and sadness of the old man. The better ones are "Jinling Evening watch", "late thinking", "New Year's Eve on the way" and so on. His final work is to expose and criticize the imperial examination of the late Tang Dynasty's "the noble servant of the next generation and the last generation": "the peach in the sky is planted with dew, and the apricot in the sun is planted with clouds. Hibiscus is born on the Qiujiang River, and does not complain to the east wind. " The poem is full of comparison, with deep and subtle expression. There is one volume of Gao Chan's poem in the new Tang Dynasty. The volume 668 of the whole Tang poetry also includes one volume.

There are only 36 poems of Gao Chan in Quan Tang Shi, but they are very characteristic. Generally speaking, there are more subjective lyric and less objective record, but they are all permeated with personal sorrow and the sorrow of the times. Most of Gao Chan's poems are metrical poems and quatrains, especially the five and seven quatrains, which is different from Cao ye, Liu Jia, Shao ye and others who mainly use five character ancient poems, and also a creative tendency. Gao Chan's poetic style is similar to Li Bai's, which is clear and smooth, but not decorative. He mainly expresses his ideas with expression. In some places, he would rather not violate the law than harm his meaning with sound. Gao Chan often uses reduplicated words in his poems, which are combined with other words to form a beautiful poem, which is the unique feature of his poems.

personal works

Catalogue of works

Chang'an lvhuai

Two songs of Changxin Palace

Chusi (waves and clouds)

Spring (days in the sky)

Feeling in the road

Sentiment (Zhuo river goes down from North)

Guanzhong

Huaqing Palace

That's it (Lishui stone in three years)

Jinling Evening view

Travel in the evening

Two pieces by chance

Autumn

Two songs in autumn

Shanggao Shilang (Tianbi peach and Luzhong)

To Taoist Zhang

Late thoughts

Spring rain in Wumen

Two songs of Xianghe and changmen

In the snow

Fishermen

Sentence (Junen autumn leaves)

Falling flower

Song biandao middle

Baling Pavilion

Guazhou night park

To Huayang mountain people in autumn

Yongxi

Thinking in autumn

On the way

Return to my hometown

Famous works

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Shanggao Shilang

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Peach and dew in the sky, apricot in the sun.

Hibiscus was born on the Qiujiang River, not complaining to the east wind.

《

Jinling Evening view

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Once accompanied by floating clouds back to the late green, still accompanied by the setting sun pan autumn sound. The world infinite blue hand, a sad painting.

Works review

North dream Suoyan

Gao Chan, the Jinshi, was a kind of elegant sinner, though he was clear in his poems and thought, he was extremely dangerous in his work and had few ideas. Xue Xuzhou said, "if you see this man, you want to give him a palm."

Chronicle of Tang Poetry

Zheng Gu tasted the poem as a gift to toad: "Zhang Sheng's hometown is three thousand li, and the only person who knows is Du Ziwei. You may be more envious of Xie xuanhui when you have "the autumn leaves of your grace." Gaichan has "Hougong Ci" said: "Jun en autumn leaves, day to people sparse."

Wu Libu Shihua quoted from Tianyi people's Anthology of Tang Baijia Poems

Gao Chan Gong is a jueju, but there is no high theory.

Biography of talented scholars in Tang Dynasty

Toad is a poor scholar, not to mention one. He started his career ten years ago. He is unconventional in nature and a little dignified. People and thousands of gold, for no reason, even death is not subject to. Wind chest second Lei block, poetry and wine can be broken ears. The style of poetry is majestic, with a harmonious attitude. It's like the wind and rain. It's also a wonderful time to study in Li cave.

Si Ming Shi Hua

When the word "en" is used in poetry, it is vulgar if it is not coarse, and it is difficult to make sentences. Chen Siwang's "Enji Kuang does not accept" Gao Chan's "Jun en, autumn leaves, day by day to people sparse", Li Yishan's "but protect the beauty, Mo Bao en", these are syntactic novelty, change vulgar into elegant, famous Xiao Neng match.

Unofficial anecdotes

Tang Gaochan's poetry is clear, but his work is extremely dangerous. He has few ideas, and is an elegant sinner. Xue Neng said, "if you see this man, you want to give him a palm. However, the second poem said, "peach and dew are planted in the sky, and apricot is planted in the clouds on the edge of the sun. Hibiscus was born on the Qiujiang River, not complaining to the east wind. "If you guard the cold element, you will not be impatient and competitive, but will be allowed to do so by the officials. First of all, there is a poem by Hu Zeng: "how ever did Han Yuan (the Ming manuscript) give up marrying a daughter, and Wenchang would give up giving birth sooner or later. Shanglin and Xingui grow year by year, and no one is allowed to break a branch. "Luo Yin also complained about thorns, which should be avoided by the children on the road, so toad was the only one who made his name. The song of Li He, the elder, is full of talent and danger. Although it is unreasonable to doubt it. Du Mu said: "if Chang Ji makes a little sense, he will be a servant and a poet. "The general theory of knowledge is not far away. (the northern dream of Suoyan)

[translation]

In the Tang Dynasty, Gao Chan's poetry, though fresh in thought, was a sinner in the poetic world because of his pursuit of strange and dangerous in form, sparse in meaning and weak in connotation. Poet Xue Neng once said to people that if I see Gao Chan, I will give him a few ears. However, Gao Chan's "Luodi poem" is as follows:

Peach and dew in the sky, apricot in the sun.

Hibiscus was born on the Qiujiang River, not complaining to the east wind.

In this poem, the spirit of being content with one's duty, without flattery, and without arrogance, has been praised by some ministers. First of all, there are poems by Hu Zeng

Han Yuan never married a daughter, Wenchang sooner or later gave birth to a son.

Shanglin and Xingui grow year by year, and no one is allowed to break a branch.

Luo Yin also had many criticisms, and some of his children hated him. However, Gao Chan only got the test. The poetry of Li He, a senior, has a peculiar imagination. Some people once said that his poetry has no definite composition. Du Mu said that if Changji (Li He's word) writes poetry in a certain form, then ordinary slaves can also become poets. This understanding is similar to your comments.

Rely on the clouds, red apricots smile at the spring breeze

In the Tang Dynasty, the subject of Jinshi was valued by the world, so the treatment of the candidates was undoubtedly the best. It is true that there were some artificial "tricky" in it. Especially in the late Tang Dynasty, the malpractice of favoritism in the imperial examination field was increasingly exposed, which was reflected in a large number of poems. Gaochan's poem shanggaoshilang, which is selected in qianjiashi, is one of the most famous poems.

Gao Chan, who was born in a poor family in Heshuo, was intelligent, suave and good-natured. At that time, some people wanted to give him money for no reason, but he flatly refused, saying that even if he died of starvation, he would not accept the obscure gift. Therefore, his open and aboveboard behavior naturally attracted the respect of some people. He made friends with the famous poet Zheng Gu Lang Zhong, and Zheng repeatedly called him Gao Xian in his reward poems, although Gao Chan was frustrated on his way to take the entrance examination. After the provincial examination that year, Gao Chan climbed up to the wall of the college and wrote a poem to express his long-standing resentment

How many icicles in the daytime, how many doors in the sky?

Yangchun hair without roots, relying on the east wind blowing.

Although Gao Chan's poem, which is full of resentment and expectation, has played a certain role, so that most people think that the exam is unfair, however, the result has not changed much; that is to say, Gao Chan is still frustrated. In this way, he can only imagine the scene of a banquet at the Qujiang River in Chang'an, the capital city, where the audience is like clouds and the winner is extremely proud. For this reason, Gao Chan, with infinite bitterness and resentment in his heart, presented a poem to Gao Shilang

Peach in the sky and dew in the sun

Chinese PinYin : Gao Chan