Maguan

Maguan

Ma Kuai? On January 31, 1152, zichong was a native of Didao (now Lintao, Gansu Province). A legendary diplomat of the Song Dynasty, he once worked among the regimes of song, Liao and Jin. Later, he was the leader of Wuma mountain uprising. After his failure, he returned to Yangzhou and continued to participate in anti Jin activities. Qin Hui resigned after taking office. He died on January 31, 1152.

Ma Kuo has extensive experience and wide knowledge. He has dealt with the kings and ministers of Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. With his courage and eloquence, he has experienced such difficult political activities as diplomatic negotiation. Because he was born in the military examination and had excellent martial arts, he has experienced such fierce military battles as the bloody battlefield. He has witnessed and practiced the major diplomatic events between the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty“ He was praised and praised by Wanyan AGU, the founding emperor of Jin Dynasty, and also had direct contact with Yelu Dashi, the leader of Liao Dynasty (later the founder of the Western Liao Dynasty), who attacked Yanjing with AGU's Jin army When the Jin army went south, he led the Hebei volunteers to fight with the Jin people many times; he experienced a painful change of national destruction, and he was also imprisoned and under house arrest as a prisoner of the Jin people; because of the pressure of the Jin Qi allied army, he was used by the Gaozong court to participate in the affairs of river defense and coastal defense, and he was also denounced by the song Gaozong to remote remote and remote areas.

No matter whether he was sent to Jinying or Liao Dynasty, his hardworking, fearless of hardships and dangers, fearless of sacrifice, unswerving of his mission and fighting spirit showed a rare strong demeanor in the "weak country diplomacy" of Song Dynasty. Whether he was frustrated by the Jin Dynasty, or was wronged, imprisoned or demoted in this dynasty, he was still struggling and desperate.

Life of the characters

Family of birth

Ma's father, Ma Zheng, is from Mu Tian. In the eighth year of Zhenghe (1118), he passed the military examination. He was granted the family background of Wu Ju Shangshe and the instruction of chengjielang and the warriors on the northwest road of Beijing. Zhao Liangsi, a pseudonym of Ma Zhi of Liao state, sneaked into the Northern Song Dynasty to offer the strategy of uniting Jin and resisting Liao. In September 1120, Ma Kuei went to the state of Jin with his father.

An envoy to the state of Jin

When Ma Kuai first went to the kingdom of Jin with his father, Wanyan Aguda, the king's master, wanted to test his kung fu, so he invited him to hunt together and warned his subordinates that if they found that the prey was not allowed to move rashly, they had to let Ma Kuai, the "South envoy", shoot first. As a result, "a yellow deer leaps up, (MA Kuai) leaps, gallops, and draws a bow. Since Aguda, the following are called good. It's late, sticky Han said: 'see the emperor said, shoot very good! The South envoy shot, and I was happy. '…… The next day, a Gu sent his younger brother shaowalang Junfu, Diao Qiu, jinpao, Xidai and other seven pieces of cloud: "the South emissary can gallop and shoot, given by the emperor. According to Wang Hai, the Prime Minister of niehan's father SA (Wang Hai), the southern emissary Shesheng was born in the middle, and his name is far away. He can make a name for himself. In the future, he will be called Yili Mali. '"

Lobbying northern Liao

After Ma Kuo's mission, song and Jin formed a maritime alliance and agreed that Jin would attack liaozhongjing, while song attacked liaoyanjing. Song sent Tongguan 200000 troops to attack Yanjing in the north. Tongguan wanted to win without fighting. He sent Zhang Bao and Zhao Zhong to persuade yanwang (yeluchun, Xuanzong of northern Liao), but he was killed by yanwang. He also sent his envoys Tan jiudianzhi and others to persuade Shicheng, a local tyrant in Yizhou, to set up troops to sacrifice Yizhou city. As a result, these people were sent to Yanjing by Shi Cheng and beheaded. Tong Guan knew that lobbying was not good, so he raised horses to extend the Hemen to praise the past. Ma Kuei's trip can be described as knowing that there are tigers in the mountains, but he still said: "my dear servant, if you are a prisoner in an unexpected situation, you are bound by the safety of your country. "Ma Kuei secretly accepted Liu Zongji, the Han son of Liao state. In the Liao court, he stated that the Song Dynasty did not send troops according to the Jin people's agreement, but because emperor Tianzuo was still there and yeluchun was not entitled to be emperor, so he sent troops to ask for a crime. Finally, "Ma had the courage to argue and resist, and he was unyielding. King Yan was afraid, so he sent Wang Jieru to make peace. "

A battle of words

But not long after yeluchun died, his wife, Xiao De Fei, became the Empress Dowager. Xiao Gan, the elder brother of Xiao De Fei, urged her to take this policy. Xiao Gan sent Yelu Dashi (later emperor Dezong of the Western Liao Dynasty) to negotiate with Maguan.

Ma Kuei's "Maozhai autobiography" recalls the past: the Fourth Army (Xiao Gan) ordered dashilinya (Yelu Dashi) to meet each other, and said: "after a hundred years of good communication between the north and the south, why should we raise troops to invade the land? "The servant replied," the imperial court sent people to return the land of Yan because of Nuzhen's tiredness on the sea. Every time they answered with warm words, they didn't dare to believe it. In recent years, he also got his literary ultimatum. It is said that he had taken possession of Shanhou. If Yan land was not wanted in the Southern Dynasty, the state of Qu would take it. The imperial court had to send troops to save Yan. Lin Ya said: "the Hexi family (Xixia) went up to the South Dynasty many times. They wanted to attack the South Dynasty. Every time they sealed the seal with the South Dynasty, they were not willing to forget their interests and listen to spies. You only get a word from Nuzhen, even if you raise your troops? "The servant replied:" although the state of Xia was tired and said that it was not inferior, how could it invade every inch of the land of the Southern Dynasty for decades? What Nuzhen said has come true. This dynasty not only wanted to save Yandi, but also wanted to consolidate itself. Lin Ya also said, "if you are an envoy, how can you make an appointment with Liu Zongji?" Fu Yun said, "the princes of your Dynasty have made a deep theory, and Gu puni" recruited envoys. ". "Lin Yayun:" to make peace between the two countries, do not want to keep people, food is feasible, as the saying Tongguan: if you want to make peace, you will still make peace, if you don't want to make peace, please send troops to the battle. "

However, Mao Zhai's autobiography quoted in the northern edition of the three dynasties alliance is abridged, and there are further details in the Khitan annals: Lin Yajie's idea that the alliance between the two countries is good, what is the way to develop a teacher? As a messenger, an Dejie Liu Zongji presents the city? Ma Kuo said: "Nuzhen soldiers have arrived at the back of the mountain. Our Dynasty sent soldiers to save Yan. Is Liu Zongji satisfied with his investment? "Lin Ya said:" I want to stay in praise, because I want to make peace. I don't want to be too much. If you want to make peace, you will make peace. If you want to fight, you will fight. "At the end of the speech, get on the horse.

Persuading teachers

Ma Kuai came back from Yelu Dashi and passed through the zhongshidao camp, which was under the control of Tong Guan. When Ma Kuai saw that the zhongshidao camp was close to the forest, he quickly advised him to move the camp. Otherwise, once the Liao army attacked with fire, it would be unimaginable for him to move the camp.

But this time the Tong Guantong army went north to Xiongzhou, and was at a loss to consider the opinions of the military generals. Zhongshidao raised an objection to the hasty use of troops, but Tong Guan ignored it. Yang Keshi led the former army to surrender to the Liao army at Baigou bridge. As a result, they were attacked by Yelu Dashi and Xiao Gan of the Liao army, "the arrows are like rain, our army is unprepared and restrained.". In order to avoid investigation, Tong Guan impeached zhongshidao, who was forced to become an official.

Cutting swallow with gold

Tong Guan once again attacked Yan and took Liu Yanqing as the main general, but in the end, Liao army won under the command of Yelv Dashi, and Tong Guan was defeated. Tong Guan could only beg Jin soldiers to take Yanjing, and sent Zhao Liangsi and Ma Kui as envoys to the Jin Dynasty. Jin Taizu invited Ma Kui to March south to Yanjing, and asked Zhao Liangsi to return to Song Dynasty. In December 1122, Jin Taizu led zongwang and Loushi to Yanjing. On the way to March, Jin Taizu learned the news of the defeat of Liu Yanqing, the song army, and said to Ma Kuai, "the territory of Qidan is very large. I have taken nine of them, and only Yanjing has one. I'm forced by people and horses on three sides, so that your family will take it, but why not? When I first heard that the southern army had arrived at Lugou River and entered Yan, I was very happy,

Nanjia

The old place taught him to accept it, and I divided the boundary with him. When the army and horses returned to the country, we saw peace early. Recently, we heard that Du Tong Liu Yanqing left overnight. What's it like? " Ma Kai replied: "it's a common thing for soldiers to advance and retreat, but I'm afraid it's not defeat. Liu Yanqing was defeated, and there is no big army behind him." a Gu Da said: "it seems that you are in charge of the people at the bottom and defeated the military and national affairs. What rewards and punishments do you have?" "The generals will die, and the generals will die," he said A Gu Da Yun said: "if you can't do military law, how can you use soldiers later? When we arrive at Juyong Pass in a day or two, do you think our soldiers dare to go

In the end, the Jin army went on and on, and won Juyong Pass in a few hours. Ma Kuei witnessed the Jin army's bravery and good fighting, and Zuo Qigong, Yu Zhongwen and others came down to the gold. Jin Taizu entered the capital of Yanjing to receive the official's congratulation, and Jin Bing won a great victory. Finally, the Song Dynasty redeemed Yanjing and other empty cities with millions of Guan. This war seriously exposed the corruption of song soldiers, and laid the foundation for the later difficulties of Jingkang. However, when Jin Taizu was alive, he carried out the pro song policy and adhered to the maritime covenant reached with Ma Kai. Although his son zongwang and his ministers despised the fighting power of the Song Dynasty and advised Jin Taizu to attack the Song Dynasty, they were stopped by Jin Taizu.

Persuasion failed

On March 5, 1123, Ma Kuei met Huizong and Chen benbing. Therefore, he asked the imperial court to strengthen its military equipment to prevent Jin people from going south. Ma Kuei was specially removed from Wuyi doctor, Zhongzhou governor and Ge men xuanzanshe. In June, he turned to a martial arts doctor and a state defense envoy. At the same time, Ma Kuang also reminded Tong Guan that he should enlist elite soldiers from Shaanxi to reinforce Hebei, and he should also be on guard against Guo pharmacist who has a previous record of treason. In addition, the defense of Yanshan mountain was enriched by stationing troops and recruiting elite soldiers from Shanxi and Shaanxi, and a new defense line was built in at least one year. However, these suggestions are either ignored, or discounted in the implementation, and finally they are not settled.

Face to face

After emperor Taizu passed away in 1123, Emperor Taizong changed his policy and decided to attack the Song Dynasty. In November 1125, Xuanfu sent Ma Kuo and Xin Xingzong as deputy envoys. Before they moved to the army of Yuhan, they discussed Jiaowei and Yingzhou, and explored whether Yuhan intended to invade the south. This was the last time that the Jin Dynasty was about to invade the south. When Ma Kuo arrived in front of the army of Yuhan (Wanyan Zonghan), he treated Ma Kuo and his party with pride. Ma said he hoped to continue to fulfill the peace agreement. But sticky Han just scorned a smile, that Song Dynasty to surrender Jin Dynasty rebel Zhang Jue has been a big crime. If

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