Ma Zhanshan

Ma Zhanshan

Ma Zhanshan (November 30, 1885 - November 29, 1950) was a patriotic general and a national hero. Born in Huaide County, Jilin Province (now Gongzhuling City, Changchun City, Jilin Province) on November 30, 1885, his ancestral home is Fengrun County, Hebei Province (now Fengrun District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province). The rank of general in the army is called "Anti Japanese hero".

Ma Zhanshan was born in the green forest and made his fortune in Fengxi. In his early years, he served as the garrison commander of the Qing army; later, he served as the General Commander of the cavalry of Heilongjiang Province and the commander of the Heihe police. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Ma Zhanshan took the post of acting chairman and military commander in chief of Heilongjiang provincial government in Qiqihar, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, and led the patriotic officers and soldiers to fight against the Japanese invasion army. The Jiangqiao war under his command started the first shot of the Chinese people against Japanese aggression. In February 1932, he pretended to surrender to the Japanese army. In April, he was electrified. Anyway, he served as commander in chief of Heilongjiang national salvation army. Later, he retreated into the Soviet Union under the Japanese attack and returned to Shanghai in June 1933. In 1936, he participated in the Xi'an Incident launched by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. After the July 7th incident, Ma Zhanshan returned to the front line of resistance against Japan and insisted on armed resistance against Japan. During the war of liberation, he ran for peace and made contributions to the peaceful settlement of the Beiping issue.

On November 29, 1950, Ma Zhanshan died of illness at his residence in Beijing at the age of 65.

Life of the characters

Early life

Ma Zhanshan's ancestral home is Fengrun, Hebei Province. During the Jiaqing period, his grandfather Ma Wanlong fled to Kanto for famine. In 1885, Ma Zhanshan was born in Huaide, Fengtian (now Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province). He was very thin and weak since he was a child, but due to years of hard life, he developed a strong and stubborn character, and has great courage. Since he was seven or eight years old, he has been herding horses for Jiang Shun, the landlord of jiangjiaweizi village. He has excellent riding skills.

In December 1903, Jiang Shun falsely accused him of stealing horses, so he ran away from home and became a bandit in halabala mountain.

In 1905, after the end of the Russo Japanese War, Ma Zhanshan led his accomplices to accept the incorporation of Huaide county government, and became a local guerrilla, responsible for maintaining local social order. Ma Zhanshan was appointed sentry officer and stationed in Huaide county.

In 1908, the guerrillas were assigned to the regular forces directly under the Qing government by Governor Zhang Xun, and moved to Changtu. They came to the fore in the process of pursuing Tao ketaohu and Bai yindalai.

Take refuge in Fengjun

In 1911, Ma Zhanshan took refuge with Wu Junsheng, commander of Fengtian rear patrol battalion of the Qing army, and became the sentry commander of the Fourth Battalion of the Ministry.

In 1913, Wu Junsheng's Department was reorganized into the second cavalry brigade of the Central Committee of the Republic of China, and Ma Zhanshan was appointed major commander of the third company of the third regiment.

In 1916, with the support of Japanese imperialism, Mongolian babuzhabu went south from Hailar, trying to establish Manchu Mongolian Empire in Northeast China. Ma Zhanshan, with Wu Junsheng, was promoted to battalion commander after Zhang zuolin ordered him to send troops to suppress him. Two years later, with the Governor Wu Jun promoted to Heilongjiang, promoted to head, garrison Helen.

In 1925, he was promoted to the commander of the fifth brigade of the 17th cavalry division of the Northeast Army. The second Zhifeng war broke out and he was ordered to garrison in Xinxiang, Henan Province. After the end of the war, they returned to defend Northeast China. In November, Guo Songling's defection broke out. Ma Zhanshan defeated Guo Jun in baiqibao, Xinmin county and captured Guo Songling and his wife alive. He was promoted to the commander of the 17th Cavalry Division in the following year and was soon promoted to the commander of the second cavalry army.

In 1930, after Zhang Xueliang announced the change of banner in Northeast China, he was sent to Heihe as the commander of the police, commanding the defense of more than 10 counties along the river.

Jiangqiao Anti Japanese War

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Ma Zhanshan took the post of acting chairman and military commander in chief of Heilongjiang provincial government in Qiqihar. He led the patriotic officers and soldiers to fight against the Japanese aggressors. He announced in public: "if there is any violation of our territory or disturbance of our public order, we will spare no effort to eliminate it. It is our duty to defend the place.". He personally inspected the defensive areas, built fortifications, and actively prepared to resist the enemy's attack. At this time, the pro Japanese faction represented by Zhao Zhongren, an evil gentry, tried to persuade Ma Zhanshan to surrender to the Japanese army. Ma Zhanshan firmly refused and said, "I have been ordered to be the chairman of a province. I have a duty to defend the land and can't surrender to the general."

On the morning of November 4, 1931, under the cover of seven planes, more than 1300 Japanese troops, in the name of protecting and repairing the bridge, went straight to the Daxing station of the Chinese army in Jiangqiao (Nenjiang iron bridge), drove out the Chinese bridge repair personnel, forced the garrison to retreat, and forcibly seized three Chinese sentries. At noon, he launched a fierce attack on the Chinese army. Ma Zhanshan immediately ordered resistance. All the soldiers fought bravely and fought with the enemy for three days and two nights, repelling the enemy's repeated invasions. This is the well-known Jiangqiao Anti Japanese war at home and abroad, and the first large-scale resistance of the Chinese army against the Japanese aggressors in spite of Zhang Xueliang's non resistance policy. Ma Zhanshan rose to fight against Japan and was praised by the people of the whole country. Newspapers all over the country reported the war with big headlines. People from all over the country organized consolation groups and support groups to donate money and materials to support the Anti Japanese war in Heilongjiang Province. Young students from Shanghai, Harbin and other places have joined the army, organized the "Anti Japanese regiment to assist Malaysia" and joined the Anti Japanese team.

After the Japanese invaders occupied most areas of the three eastern provinces, in order to establish a puppet regime, the puppet Manchukuo, they used various means to induce Ma Zhanshan to surrender. Ma Zhanshan succumbed to the military threat and political temptation of the Japanese aggressors. He fell to Japan in February 1932 and became governor of the puppet Heilongjiang Province. In March, he was also Minister of military affairs of the puppet Manchukuo. When Ma Zhanshan was a puppet, he tried every means not to sign the treacherous documents, and even claimed to be illiterate. After Ma Zhanshan came to Japan, he was opposed by the people of the whole country, and the Japanese aggressors were not at ease with him. They had a tight control over him and wanted to dispatch his army. In this situation, Ma Zhanshan had a heart of peace. Taking advantage of the identity of the puppet governor, he raised more than 20 million yuan of Puppet Manchurian coins (equivalent to 2 million yuan of silver), 300 war horses and more than ten trucks, which were secretly sent to Heihe and other places for anti Japanese use. At the end of March, Ma Zhanshan seized the opportunity when the investigation mission of the League of nations wanted to go to the northeast. While investigating and exposing the crimes of the Japanese aggressors, he secretly arranged military operations. On April 1, he left Qiqihar with more than 200 people in his family. On April 7, he arrived in Heihe, electrified and raised the Anti Japanese flag. He then joined forces with Li Du and Ding Chao from Jilin Province and Su Bingwen from Hailar to form the Northeast Anti Japanese United Army. He set up the headquarters in Harbin and served as the commander in chief. Ma Zhanshan also ordered the counties to organize volunteers to concentrate in the eastern counties of Heilongjiang Province to cooperate in the battle. After more than five months of fighting, he was forced to retreat into the Soviet Union on December 7 because of the lack of support and heavy casualties.

In the early morning of April 1, 1932, Ma Zhanshan, in the name of inspection troops, led the 1st Battalion of guard infantry and 1st Battalion of cavalry, carrying the seal letters of the two military and political departments, important documents and huge sums of money, sneaked away from Qiqihar and headed for Baiquan. On March 3, he met with representatives of Li Du, Ding Chao, Gong Changhai, Feng Zhanhai and Li Haiqing, and jointly worked out a joint operation plan to capture Changchun, Harbin and Qiqihar. On the 7th, he arrived at Heihe via Keshan and Nehe, then electrified the whole country and raised Yiqi. To this end, he united with the Anti Japanese forces in Heilongjiang Province and established the general headquarters of the Anti Japanese and National Salvation Army in Heilongjiang Province. He also sent a telegram in the name of chairman of Heilongjiang provincial government and deputy commander of the northeast frontier defense force in Jiang, saying: "it's not necessary to fight with Japan, even if it's a horse's death." At the beginning of May, he decided to attack Harbin with Jilin self defense army. On the 15th, Ma Zhanshan personally led the army to Harbin. Unexpectedly, Cheng Zhiyuan defected to the enemy, and the Jilin self-defense forces were defeated by Fujin and Tongjiang. Therefore, the army of Ma Zhanshan had to retreat step by step under the siege of Japanese and puppet forces. On June 1, Ma Zhanshan met with American and Swiss reporters in Helen to expose the inside story of the puppet state and elaborate the course of the Anti Japanese War and its significance. On June 3, Helen fell. Since then, Ma Zhanshan's situation has become more and more difficult. On July 14, the 14th and 8th divisions of the Japanese army launched a general attack on Ma Zhanshan. Ma Zhanshan was besieged in luoquandianzi area of Suiling county. He fought with the enemy for three days and nights, with heavy casualties and few left. Finally, he rushed out of the heavy encirclement, collected the remains and sneaked into Daqingshan. After more than 40 days in the deep mountains and dense forests, I went through all kinds of hardships, got out of danger and arrived at Longmen. In October and November, Ma Zhanshan cooperated with Su Bingwen to plan for the capture of Qiqihar, but failed because the enemy was strong and we were weak. So far, Ma Zhanshan saw that he was alone and could not turn the overall situation around. So he went to Hailar via Gannan. On December 4, he retreated from Manzhouli to the Soviet Union by train.

Xi'an Incident

In June 1933, Ma Zhanshan returned from the Soviet Union by way of Europe and arrived in Shanghai. Soon, he went to Lushan Mountain to meet Chiang Kai Shek. In August 1934, he returned to live in Tianjin. The Japanese secret service in Tianjin tried to assassinate him several times, but failed. He applied for resistance against Japan many times and was not used. In October 1936, he suddenly received a call from Chiang Kai Shek to send him to the front line of the civil war. When Ma Zhanshan arrived in Xi'an, it was the "Xi'an Incident". He suggested to Zhang Xueliang, "don't kill Chiang Kai Shek at the critical moment of national calamity," and signed the "Declaration on the current situation" issued by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. Zhang Xueliang appointed him commander in chief of the Anti Japanese cavalry group army. He immediately organized the general headquarters and ordered his troops to assemble. Later, because Zhang Xueliang was detained, this action was terminated.

Counter-Japanese War

After the Lugouqiao Incident on July 7, 1937, Ma Zhanshan went to Nanjing to ask for orders. He was not appointed commander of the Northeast March until August 21 (later changed to commander-in-chief of the Northeast March) and was also in charge of the appeasement of the four northeast provinces. Under extremely difficult circumstances, Ma Zhanshan rushed to Suiyuan and Datong to organize his team. After that, he cooperated with Fu Zuoyi to resist Japan and actively participated in Suiyuan defense war and Yinshan bloody war.

In late August 1938, Ma Zhanshan paid a visit

Chinese PinYin : Ma Zhan Shan