Gu Huan

Gu Huan

Gu Huan (420-483), with the word Jingyi and the word Yuanping, was born in Haiyan County of Zhejiang Province. He was a minister of Qi in the Southern Dynasty and a famous Taoist of Shangqing school.

He was poor and eager to learn. At the age of 20, he studied metaphysics and Confucianism from Lei Tzong of Yuzhang. After his mother died, he lived in seclusion in Tiantai Mountain in the first year of song Xiaojian (454) of the Southern Dynasty. He opened a school to teach disciples and received nearly 100 graduates. Xiao Daocheng, the High Emperor of Qi, called himself yamaguchen in Beijing. Gu Huan presented his "political platform" and proposed "rule by virtue" and "rule by inaction". He soon asked for a return to the mountains.

After middle age, he studied Taoism and wrote 30 volumes of anthology and many Taoist books. Among them, Laozi Daodejing Yishu is an important classic of Laozi's theory in the Southern Dynasty. He is also the main writer of shangqingjing and Zhengao. His yixialun puts forward that "Buddhism is not the way of Donghua, and Taoism is not the way of Xiyi". The theory of respecting Taoism and belittling Buddhism leads to a large-scale dispute between Buddhism and Taoism, which is known as "the debate between Yixia". Yongming years, died in Shanshan, 64 years old. Later generations changed their seclusion to Huanxi and guruling.

Life of the characters

Gu Huan was eager to learn when he was young. He was poor and could not go to school. There was a school house in the countryside. He was happy to listen to the house behind the wall. At the age of eight, he recited the book of filial piety, the book of songs and the Analects of Confucius. And long, dedicated to learning. More than 20 years ago, he consulted the metaphysics and Confucianism on leitzong in Yuzhang. When his mother died, it was said that on June 7, those who didn't enter the entrance of Shuijiang went to Lu's tomb, so he became a hermit and didn't become an official. When Xiao Daocheng, the High Emperor of Qi, was the assistant governor of Yangzhou, he was appointed as the governor of Yangzhou and sent a Chinese envoy to welcome him. And Jian Kai, and even, said Valley minister Gu Huan on the table. "I would like to delete and write the book of Laozi's moral classics, and present the volume of Zhigang.". Xuan dismissed Ronglu and said, "my ambition is as deep as possible, and I have no glory. I am self-sufficient in clouds and clouds, and I don't need to be supported by Lu." His "differentiation of rules and regulations" was highly admired by Emperor Gao of Qi. On the day of returning to the East, Chen Wei and Su Qin were given.

In the first year of Yongming Dynasty (483), he ordered Zhenghuan to be a doctor of Taixue. Gu Huan is known in history as "taking food in the late Festival, not communicating with others.". Once out of the house, mountain birds gather their palms for food. It's more effective to understand the book of yin and Yang Qi Yongming (483-493) died in Shanshan at the age of 64. Xiao you, Emperor Wu of Qi, ordered all the scholars of Huan to write thirty volumes of Wen Yi.

Personal achievement

Confucianism

According to historical records, Gu Huan, in the first half of his life, studied Confucianism, and wrote notes on Wang Bi's two systems of changes, Shangshu Baiwen and Mao Shiji jiexuyi. He was a believer and an important descendant of the Shangqing school. Tao Hongjing said: "when Kong Yu was humble, Du Jushi sent all the Scriptures to shannanshu market and began to look at them together with Gu Huan, Qi Jingxuan and Zhu sengbiao. Gu Xian had already written in Lou Jian Jing (referring to the Shangqing Jing, which was obtained by Taoist Lou Huiming). He had a rough understanding of the real book, so he selected four or five volumes of the Sutra and seven or eight real books Later, according to the collected authentic works of Yang and Xu, Gu Huan compiled them into the book of authentic works. Tao Hongjing's Zhen Gao is based on Zhen Ji Jing, adding, deleting, rewriting and annotating. Zhenji Jing, a famous Daoji Jing, has been lost. There are still many lost articles in wushangmiyao. In addition, Gu Huan also wrote the source and course of the Shang Qing Dynasty, the preface to the annotation of the source and course of the Shang Qing Dynasty, and Chen Guofu's textual research on the source and course of daozang.

Gu Huan is a great master of Laozi school. According to the biography of Gu Huan in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, Gu Huan wrote the outline of Laozi and the book of Laozi. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Du Guangting, a Taoist, said that "Tao Hongjing lived in seclusion in the Liang Dynasty and Gu Huan lived in the Southern Qi Dynasty, both of them understood the way of the body" and "Gu Huan believed in inaction." Zhengtong daocang has eight volumes of daodezhenjing annotated by Gu Huan. Mr. Meng Wentong, a modern scholar, proved that he was not written by Gu, but by a disciple of Gu school. But he pointed out: "the prosperity of Taoism in Sui and Tang Dynasties originated from the two Mencius (Meng Jingyi and Meng Zhizhou). The biography of Mencius originated from the Gu family, while the biography of Taoists was the earliest, which was created by Jingyi. " "The author should have his own reason.".

Taoism

Gu Huan was a famous figure in the struggle between Taoism and Buddhism in the Southern Dynasty. He saw that the two schools of Buddhism and Taoism were not destroying each other, and wanted to distinguish between right and wrong. He wrote a treatise on Yi Xia at the end of Liu Song Dynasty to discuss the right and wrong, advantages and disadvantages of the two schools of Buddhism and Taoism. Although there are some words to reconcile the two religions, the key point is to emphasize the difference between them, saying that Taoism is a holy religion originated in China, while Buddhism is derived from the military law of Xirong. Although both religions can be popularized, they can only be applied to their own countries, that is, Taoism can be applied to China, Buddhism can only be applied to Xirong. It is said: "although the boats and carts are all in Zhiyuan, there is a festival between Sichuan and land; Buddhism and Taoism are in harmony, but there is a difference between Yi and Xia. If it is said that it is even, the method can be changed, and the car can cross the river, can the boat land? " At the same time, he further pointed out that some ideas of Buddhism originated in Xirong were incompatible with Chinese ethics. In addition, he also discussed the differences between the two religions and other characteristics. The purpose is to prove that the state of China can only implement Taoism, but can not "follow" military laws. Buddhism should return to its native place.

It can be seen from the above that Gu Huan opposed Buddhism from the standpoint of Taoism with the traditional Chinese view of respecting Xia and belittling Yi. As the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty says, "although Huan shares the same two laws, he is interested in Taoism.". So this article comes out. It was immediately strongly opposed by the Buddhists and their believers, and they wrote many articles to refute it, forming a large-scale struggle of Taoism and Buddhism in the early Qi Dynasty.

Anecdotes and allusions

Gu Huan is diligent in learning

Gu Huan was six or seven years old. His father's envoys drove the birds out of the fields and wrote "Ode to the Yellow sparrow". When the birds ate more than half of the food, his father was angry and wanted to scold them, but the ode stopped. In the countryside, there are those who are willing to give up their studies, who are poor and unable to accept their jobs, and who are leaning against the walls of their houses and listening to them, and who do not forget them. When you are eight years old, you can recite filial piety, poetry and treatise. When I grow up, I will concentrate and study hard. When his mother was old, Gu Huan planted the land himself and endorsed it. At night, he lit the chaff and read a book. Gu Kaizhi of Tongjun came to the county and was surprised to see him (so diligent). He asked his sons to make friends with him and went to sun Xian's place to receive education with them.

Gu Huan drives away birds

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, Gu Huan, a native of Yancheng, Wujun County, was very fond of learning and worked tirelessly. He always studied while working. Once, his father asked him to go to the rice field to guard the rice and drive away the sparrows. He yelled a few times, and concentrated on writing "Ode to the Yellow sparrow" at the edge of the field. Because of his high concentration, he forgot everything else. When he finished the ode to the Yellow sparrow, he suddenly thought of driving away the sparrow. When he saw it, he found that the sparrow had eaten a large piece of rice in the paddy field. After his father found out that sparrow ate rice, his father lost his temper. When he saw "Ode to the Yellow sparrow", he turned angry to be happy and spared him.

Chinese PinYin : Gu Huan