Han Peng

Han Peng

Han Pei t ǎ n (1637-1704) was born in Changzhou (today's Suzhou). I'm addicted to alcohol. In Shuntian rural examination, the book of history Xu Qianxue was included in the left volume. Kangxi 11 years (1672) into the National Academy to do Jiansheng. In 1673, the number one scholar in Kangxi's 12th year, he was awarded the Imperial Academy to revise the book of filial piety. Li guanri talks about daily life, notes official, right praise good, Shi speak, Shi read, Minister of rites, Minister of Li, right Minister of rites, Minister of rites and master of Hanlin Academy.

Main experience

Han Peng was highly valued by Xuanye for his literary talent. He once called into Hongde hall to lecture on the great learning, and wrote the book of filial piety, praising him for his "elegant and rare articles", and giving him the title of "devoting himself to the study of Confucian classics and embellishing Hongye". Later, because of the defense of a Shan, governor of Liangjiang, he fell out of favor with the emperor. Kangxi issued an imperial edict, saying that he was not diligent in teaching and learning, and refused Han Peng's repeated begging, resulting in his death.

In 1694, Xu Qianxue died of illness, and Han Peng, President of the Qing Dynasty, published the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1704, Kangxi died, and the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty was shelved. Posthumous title Wenyi, known as Han Wenyi Gong. He wrote the tyranny of entering the pass in the Qing Dynasty (the first volume of Jiangyin chengshouji). (argument: it is impossible for Han Peng to write Jiangyin Chengshou Ji. In Jiangyin Chengshou Ji, it is said that the writing time is Kangxi Yiwei, that is, 1715, while Han Peng has been dead for 11 years.)

birth

The Han family was born in Fengyang (now Anhui Province) and later moved to Changzhou. Han Peng's great grandfather, grandfather and father all became officials through the imperial examination, and served as local or Beijing officials. Her mother's surname is Zhou, and her life experience is unknown. She is also a lady. Growing up in such a family, Han Peng is eager to learn and is good at poetry and prose; he also likes mountains and rivers and often invites friends to travel together; he also likes drinking. Han Peng is stubborn and does not follow blindly. Whatever he does not like to do, no one will persuade him. In August of the 11th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1672), Han Peng became a Juren in the Shuntian village examination. In February of the next year, Han Peng took part in the ceremony examination and won the first place.

The 14th number one scholar in Manchu Qing Dynasty

In April, I took part in the palace examination. Han Peng denounced "San Francisco" for supporting the army and self-respect and plotting to do wrong in the article, which should be cancelled as soon as possible. At the end of the palace examination, the "Minister of reading papers" who was in charge of marking papers presented the top ten papers to Kangxi. Kangxi was planning to withdraw the vassal, and Han Peng's countermeasures were right in his mind, so he wrote "the first one, the first one" at the beginning of Han Peng's volume.

Han Peng became the fourteenth number one scholar in the Qing Dynasty at the age of 37.

Get the favor

After the number one scholar in the Imperial Academy, Han Peng was in charge of the compilation of national history. Soon after, he served as a daily life announcer in his capacity of compiling. He accompanied Kangxi to attend various major activities, recorded the manual and arranged daily life announcers according to the year.

One day, Kangxi ordered him to write Taiji Tu Shuo. Three days later, Kangxi ordered him to write two more poems. After reading it, Kangxi greatly appreciated it. The next day, he ordered him to submit all his manuscripts. After reading them, Kangxi appreciated Han Peng's knowledge even more. He summoned him in Hongde hall, asked him to explain Daxue, and ordered him to preside over the compilation of Xiaojing Yanyi. The book was compiled since Shunzhi, but it was not finished. After Han Peng took over, he organized a group of Confucian officials to complete the book. The book includes one volume of Fanli and catalogue, two volumes of jingzhizongyao and 100 volumes of Yanyi. Han Peng won the favor of Kangxi with his literary talent.

In August of the fourteenth year of Emperor Kangxi, Han Peng became the official examiner of Shuntian rural examination. Fifteen years later, he moved to youchunfang and praised Youshan. In March of the 16th year, it became Zuo Chunfang and Zuo zanshan. These two positions have no real power, only for the promotion of officials in the Academy. In October, Kangxi granted him the official position of sermon, serving the emperor and explaining the classics and history. Seventeen years, once again as the Shun Tian rural examination examiner.

Five years of seclusion

In the 18th year of Kangxi, Han Peng begged for leave to go home and bury his parents instead. He lived at home for five years. It doesn't take so long to bury your parents. There must be another reason why he stayed at home for five years. In this regard, the history books are not detailed. Judging from his life experience, Han Peng had the idea of retreating bravely, going back to the countryside and concentrating on his studies. He lived at home for five years, which should have something to do with it.

be promoted

But he failed.

In August of the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Han Peng returned to Beijing and still served as his sermon. Before long, he became a servant.

In February of the 24th year of Kangxi, Han Peng's friend Xu Qianxue, a native of Kunshan (now Jiangsu Province), ranked first and Han Peng ranked second. Xu Qian studied in the South study, and Han Peng was promoted to be a lecturer in the Imperial Academy. A month later, he was recruited as a cabinet bachelor. He was a cabinet bachelor. He was in charge of conveying imperial edicts and Zhangzuo. He was also a minister of rites. He was a powerful minister in the imperial court.

Returning home from illness

So far, Han Peng had been an official for only 14 years. After deducting five years of living at home, Han Tian's official career was only nine years. He became a senior official of the imperial court. He was one of the top officials at that time. Some officials began to be jealous of Han Peng, so they mobilized him to serve as an official earlier, that is, to retire and go home, and even threatened him to leave as soon as possible. Han Peng said, "this is exactly what I want." In the 26th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, he left for his hometown. I plan to stay in my hometown and enjoy myself reading.

Research knowledge

Han Peng has lived at home for another eight years and devoted himself to the study of knowledge, from the six classics to the notes of Han Confucianism, the Yishu of Tang Confucianism, and the chapters and sentences of song Confucianism. Sima Qian's historical records, Ban Gu's Hanshu, and Chen Shou's annals of the three kingdoms are also highly praised by him. He also recites Tang poetry and Song Ci repeatedly. He also often used ancient poems to teach the village to be backward. In his spare time, he wandered among the springs and rocks with three or two friends.

Attitude towards "three Xu"

In the third year of Han Peng's return to his hometown, Xu Qianxue also returned to Kunshan. Xu Qianxue was the first and third Jinshi in the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi. His second younger brother, Xu Bingyi, was the first and third Jinshi in the 12th year of Kangxi. He was on the same list as Han Peng and was also a Tanhua. His third brother, Xu Yuanwen, won the title of number one scholar in 1659. Kunshan sanxu is famous all over the world. After entering the official career, sanxu relied on their power to accept bribes; their sons and nephews relied on the power of their fathers and ancestors to run rampant in the countryside. Some officials impeached Xu Qianxue, and Xu Qianxue's words returned to his hometown. Soon after, the court tracked down the illegal acts of "San Xu" and their children and severely punished them. For fear of being implicated, friends of "San Xu" alienate and evade "San Xu", or even attack "San Xu" to wash themselves.

Han Peng valued the talent and learning of "San Xu" and was dissatisfied with his illegal behaviors such as taking bribes by relying on his power. However, when "sanxu" was attacked and denounced, he did not alienate, evade, or even attack "sanxu" like other friends of "sanxu". Instead, he still communicated with "sanxu" as before and explained some inappropriate charges for them.

Kangxi evaluation

In July of the 34th year of Kangxi, Xuanye issued an imperial edict to call Han Peng back to Beijing, ordering him to serve as the chief executive officer of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty. Two months later, he was promoted to the right Minister of the Ministry of rites and the master of the Imperial Academy.

In the 38th year, he was transferred to the right Minister of the Ministry of official affairs.

Thirty nine years later, he was promoted to minister of rites. Kangxi highly appreciated Han Peng's talent, learning and character. He issued an imperial edict to the minister, saying, "Han Peng is a talent in the world with good manners. It's also in line with my will to play right." He also issued an imperial edict: "Han Peng's knowledge is excellent, his articles are ancient and elegant, and his works are rare." He also issued an imperial edict, saying, "Han Peng's articles can tell what is in my heart."

In December of the 41st year, Kangxi granted Han Peng a plaque with the title of "studying the Confucian classics and polishing Hongye".

Out of favor

Kangxi wanted Han Peng to become a cabinet bachelor. However, an accident made Kangxi hate Han Peng.

In March of the 40th year of Kangxi, Gao yongjue, the governor of Anhui Province, impeached Zhang Sijiao, the political envoy. He sent more fire and embezzled 300000 liang of bank. Kangxi ordered a Shan, governor of Liangjiang, to investigate the matter. Ashanzuo said that the silver was spent by the emperor during his southern tour in the 38th year of Kangxi. Kangxilan issued an angry edict: "I have visited the South three times. I have spared money and grain and opened warehouses to help the poor. I've prepared all my expenses in the capital. I haven't used any money. " Zhang Sijiao and Ashan were ordered to be investigated and dealt with. At this time, the governor of water transport sang e'ai asked Zhang Sijiao to confess. A Shan and Zhang Si Jiao were related by marriage, so they sheltered Zhang Si Jiao. Kangxi asked ministers to discuss how to punish Ashan. Supreme censor Zuo Du Yu Shi said: "according to the law, you should be punished!" Han Peng didn't agree to put a Shan to death, and explained a few words for him. Those who hate Han Peng take the opportunity to slander him, saying how he favors ah Shan. Kangxi was so angry that Han Peng was out of favor.

On duty

In December of the 42nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Han Peng went to Shanghai. He said he was ill and begged to become an official. The Emperor Kangxi did not approve, and issued an imperial edict: "Han Peng was promoted to the Ministry of rites because he was good at poetry. Once upon a time, when he was in charge of the Imperial Academy, he didn't teach and study the scholars, and he took them to drink every day, which made them lazy in their study. When the ministers discussed state affairs, Han Peng didn't speak up, only echoed a few words. His behavior was far inferior to his talent. Now that he is aware of his sin, it is not in the interest of his ministers to ask for it. He was ordered to remain as Minister of rites and perform meritorious deeds. "

In April of 1993, Han Peng went to Shanghai again to beg for resignation, but Kangxi still refused. In August of this year, Han Peng died and was appointed Minister of rites. He was 68 years old.

inscription on a tablet

The next year, he was moved to his hometown. His children asked his good friend Zhu YIZUN to write a tombstone. Fang Bao, another good friend, wrote a tombstone for him, saying: "the birth of the public is also, people think it's virtuous, but they think it's lacking. The death of the public is also the sorrow of human beings, but the joy is like returning. Long live for thousands of years. Who can observe the justice of the time and know the subtlety of his heart? "

Posthumous title "Wenyi"

After Han Peng's death

Chinese PinYin : Han Tan