Liu Han
Liu Han
Liu Han (year of birth and death unknown), Cangzhou Linjin (now Ningjin, Shandong Province) people, Five Dynasties, Northern Song Dynasty period famous doctor.
Liu Han was born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine and had been a governor of the national defense army. Later, he offered medical books and was appointed by Zhou Shizong as Hanlin medical officer and Weiwei Temple master. After the death of the Zhou Dynasty and the rise of the Song Dynasty, Liu Han's position was further enhanced. He successively served as a doctor in the Imperial Palace, a Honglu Temple official, a Shangyao Fengyu, a member of the school inspection department, an official envoy of the Imperial Academy, and a doctor in the school inspection department. He presided over the compilation of Kaibao materia medica. Later, Liu Yu was demoted as deputy envoy of Hezhou tuanlian because he was misdiagnosed for his treatment. After a few years, he came back and took the post of Shangyao Fengyu and Hanlin medical officer.
He died at home at the age of 72.
Life of the characters
Offer medical books
Liu Han was born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine and studied medical ethics for generations. At first, Liu Han served as the inspector under the Jiedushi of the national defense army. In the first year of Xiande (954), Guo Wei, the Taizu of Zhou Dynasty, died, and chairong, the king of Jin Dynasty, was appointed emperor in front of the coffin. Chai Rong worked hard to attract talents from all over the world. In the early days of Yu Xiande (954-959), Liu Han rushed to Bianliang, Kyoto, and presented his ancestral secret collection of traditional Chinese medicine in the imperial court, including 30 volumes of Jingyong Fangshu, 10 volumes of Lun Hou and 20 volumes of Jinti Zhishi Ji. Zhou Shizong was very happy, issued an imperial edict to reward him, and appointed Liu Han as the imperial medical officer. His medical books were also handed over to the historical museum for collection and research. Before long, Liu Han became the official of Weiwei temple.
New owner of effectiveness
In the first month of the seventh year of Xiande (960), General Zhao Kuangyin of the Later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in chenqiaoyi (now Chenqiao town in the southeast of Fengqiu, Henan Province), 20 kilometers northeast of Kaifeng, establishing the Song Dynasty and changing the Yuan Dynasty to "Jianlong". Liu Han continued to serve in the new dynasty. In April of the first year of Jianlong (960), Li Yun, the governor of Zhou Zhaoyi (who ruled Luzhou, now Changzhi of Shanxi Province), fought against the Song Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin, Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, issued an imperial edict to fight in person, and Liu Han was ordered to drive northward with the emperor. After returning to Han, Liu Han was granted the title of chaosan doctor and Honglu Temple official. After Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne, he emphasized the way of governance, and everything had to be verified. Therefore, the people of Fangji (medicine, astronomy, calendar, five elements, divination, Xiangshu, etc.) must be proficient in their own duties. In the early years of Qiande (963-968), Zhao Kuangyin ordered Taichang Temple (the temple of Zhangling, the system of rites, music and instruments, astronomy, number and clothing) to assess the skills of the imperial medical officials. Because of the poor medical skills, 26 medical officials were demoted, while Liu Han was given the best. After that, Zhao Kuangyin ordered the States to visit the people with excellent medical skills. Once they were found, they would register their names, measure the distance from the capital, give them travel expenses, send them to the capital, and order the government to provide food where they passed. In the fifth year of Kaibao (972), Zhao Kuangyin's younger brother, Zhao Guangyi, the king of Jin, was ill. Zhao Kuangyin ordered Liu Han and Ma Zhi to visit Zhao Guangyi in the palace of the king of Jin. After careful treatment, they cured Zhao Guangyi. After the king of Jin recovered from his illness, Liu Hansheng was transferred to Shangyao Fengyu, and was rewarded with silver, coins, horses and Anle.
Redefining materia medica
In 973, Emperor Taizu of Song Dynasty ordered Liu Han to revise the Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine. Liu Han, together with Taoist Ma Zhi, medical officials Zhai Xu, Zhang Su, Wu Fu Li, Wang Guang you, Chen Zhao Yu, Wang Congyun and an Ziliang, revised the errors in the compilation and copying of the newly revised materia medica in the Tang Dynasty, which lasted for more than 300 years, and compiled it into 20 volumes. The next year, song Taizu ordered Liu Han, Ma Zhi and others to revise Kaibao Xinding materia medica. This revision is "quite a loss to the original book". Finally, after the completion of the book, a total of 21 volumes were included in the catalogue, which was named "Kaibao Chongding Materia Medica". The detailed materia medica includes 360 kinds of drugs in Shennong's classic, 182 kinds in famous medical records, 114 kinds attached to Tang's Materia Medica, and 194 kinds of famous and useless drugs. After the new book was compiled, the emperor ordered Li Fang, the scholar of Hanlin, Wai Lang Zhi Zhi Zhi Gao Wang you, and Zuo Si Wai Lang Zhi Zhi Zhi Gao Hu to present it after careful examination. Li Fang and others made a preface to the new book. after the compilation and revision of the materia medica, Liu Han became a member of the Ministry of work, wailang.
Being demoted
In 979, Liu Han was appointed as an official envoy of the Imperial Academy, and then he was appointed as a doctor of the school inspection department. In the second year of Yongxi's reign (985), Liu Yu, Zhao Guangyi's love general and the governor of Huazhou, fell ill. Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, ordered Liu Han to go to Huazhou to treat Liu Yu. After Liu Han's diagnosis and treatment, he returned to the capital from Huazhou, saying that Liu Yu would surely recover. But soon, Liu Yu died. Liu Han was convicted and demoted to Deputy envoy of Hezhou regiment training. In the early period of Duangong (988-989), Liu Han was used again as the emperor of Shangyao Fengyu. In the first year of Chunhua (990), Liu Han once again served as the imperial medical officer. He died at the age of seventy-two.
Character achievement
Compiling medical classics
Liu Han is a medical scientist. His greatest achievement in his life is the compilation of Kaibao materia medica This is the first official edition of pharmacopoeia in Song Dynasty, and also the first printed Pharmacopoeia book in China and even in the world. In the sixth year of Kaibao (973), Zhao Kuangyin ordered Liu Han to revise the Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine. Materia medica is Shennong materia medica classic, also known as "materia medica classic" or "Ben Jing", which is a classic of traditional Chinese medicine of Han nationality. A total of 365 kinds of medicine were collected, and another 365 kinds were added by Tao Hongjing, which was named "the records of famous doctors". In the Tang Dynasty, Su Gong and Chang Sun Wu Ji revised the materia medica, and added 114 kinds of medicine, which is called the newly revised Materia Medica, also known as the materia medica of the Tang Dynasty. Liu Han and other nine people took the newly revised materia medica of the Tang Dynasty as the blueprint, and collected the collection of Materia Medica and other books collected by Chen to verify each other, correct the mistakes, supplement the omissions, and then Liu Han and Ma Zhi made a unified annotation. Finally, the 20 volumes of the book, named "kaibaoxin detailed Materia Medica", were published by Zuo Si Yuan Wai Lang Zhi, Hu Meng, Hanlin bachelor Lu duoxun and others. Song Taizu wrote a preface for it, which was published by Guozijian. In the seventh year of Kaibao (973), song Taizu ordered Liu Han, Ma Zhi and others to revise it again. This revision is "quite a loss to the original book". Finally, Li Fang, the academician of the Imperial Academy, Wang you, Hu Meng, etc. re collated the book. After the completion of the book, the total content of the book is 21 volumes, which is named "the materia medica of Kai Bao Chong Ding". The book contains 984 kinds of drugs and 134 kinds of new drugs. It revises the errors in the compilation and circulation of the newly revised materia medica of the Tang Dynasty, which lasted more than 300 years. "Kai Bao Materia Medica" also attaches importance to absorbing the essence of other herbal works. In the 134 new drugs, nearly 100 species are screened from previous works of herbal medicine, such as gecko from "Lei Gong gun Moxibustion".
Influence of works
The compilers of Kaibao materia medica successfully formulated a rigorous style, which was inherited by other official materia medica works in Song Dynasty. First of all, it is the first time to use black and white characters to replace Zhu Mo's calligraphy. The contents of Shennong's materia medica classic before Kaibao's materia medica were written in red ink. The famous doctors' records were written in black ink, which is easy to be confused for a long time. Kaibao's materia medica changed Shennong's materia medica classic into white (Yin) and other black (Yang), which is clear and eye-catching. Secondly, different abbreviations should be used to indicate the source of the words: for example, "Tang Fu" means the new medicine in the new revised Materia Medica, "Jin Fu" means the new medicine in the new revised Materia Medica, "Tao Yinju" is the annotation in the book of Materia Medica, and "Tang Ben Zhu" is the annotation in the book of new revised materia medica. While the compilers of Kaibao Materia Medica, according to the literature, annotated with "Jinyin", and annotated with "Jinzhu" according to the drug knowledge at that time. This regulation has made a great contribution to the preservation of ancient herbal literature.
Character evaluation
Li Jianyuan, Ming Dynasty, said in compendium of materia medica: "emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty ordered Liu Han, a medical officer, to make detailed proofreading, and Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty ordered additional notes, adding 100 kinds of drugs. Tang Shenwei, a doctor in charge of medical work, combined it into Zheng Lei (syndrome category) and repaired 500 kinds of herbs. Since people are referred to as the whole book, medicine is the arcane book
Medical works
Historical records
There is a biography of Liu Han in the history of Song Dynasty.
Chinese PinYin : Liu Han
Liu Han
