Liu Bingzhong

Liu Bingzhong

Liu Bingzhong (1216-1274) was originally named Liu Kan. He was named Zicong by FA Ming, and his name was Zhonghui. He was named Sanren in Cangchun. Xingzhou (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province) is a native of Ruizhou. From the great Mongolia to the early Yuan Dynasty, he was an outstanding statesman and writer.

Liu Bingzhong was born into a family of aristocratic officials. He was smart since he was a child. At the age of 13, he entered the capital Marshal's office as a proton, and at the age of 17, he was the magistrate of Xingtai Jiedu government. After that, he once abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion, worshiping Zen master Xu Zhao as his teacher. Later, he entered Kublai Khan's shogunate of great Mongolia and participated in military and political affairs as a cloth, known as "Secretary cong". In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264), he was promoted to Guanglu doctor and Taibao, and led the provincial government. In 1271, Kublai Khan proposed to take the meaning of "Da Ya Qian Yuan" in the book of changes and change the name of Mongolia to "Da Yuan". In 1274, Liu Bingzhong passed away, in 590. His posthumous title is "Wen Zheng".

Liu Bingzhong was active in the political arena in the early period of the Yuan Dynasty and played an important role in the establishment of the political system and regulations of the Yuan Dynasty. His planning and design of Yuandadu laid the foundation for the initial urban rudiment of Beijing. Liu Bingzhong is also good at poetry, CI and qu. his works include Tibetan spring collection and Pingsha Yuchi Sutra.

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Life of the characters

Early experience

Liu Bingzhong, whose name is Zhonghui, was originally named Liu Kan. Because he believed in Buddhism, he changed his name to Zicong. After he became an official, he was named Bingzhong. His ancestral home is Ruizhou, and he was an official family of Liao Dynasty. His great grandfather was appointed governor of Xingzhou in Jin Dynasty and lived in Xingzhou, so he was born in Xingzhou from his grandfather Liu Ze.

Liu Bingzhong has been intelligent since he was a child. He can recite hundreds of words every day when he was eight years old. At the age of 13, he was a hostage in the Shuai mansion. At the age of 17, he was a magistrate of the Xingtai governor's mansion, so that he could support his relatives nearby. Liu Bingzhong, in order to make history depressed, sighed one day: "my family has been an official for generations. Would I rather be a petty official? The eldest man was born at a bad time. He had to retire to wait for the time to come He abandoned his official and lived in seclusion in the Wu'an mountains. Several years later, he was accepted as an apprentice by master Xuzhao of Tianning Temple. Later, he traveled in the clouds and stayed in Nantang temple.

Before emperor Shizu ascended the throne of the Yuan Dynasty, Zen master Haiyun was called. When he passed by Yunzhong, he heard that Liu Bingzhong was knowledgeable and talented, and invited him to go with him. After Liu Bingzhong visited yuan Shizu, Yuan Shizu praised him very much and inquired many times. Liu Bing is devoted to reading all books, especially the book of changes and the book of the world by song Shaoyong. He is proficient in astronomy, geography, calendar and divination, and knows everything in the world like the palm of his hand. Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty was very fond of him and left him to serve. A few years later, because of his father's death, he went home for funeral. Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty gave him 100 liang of gold for burial, and sent an envoy to Xingzhou. At the end of the mourning period, he was called back to Helin. Liu Bingzhong wrote thousands of words after he Lin. The emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty greatly appreciated his comments and adopted them. Liu Bingzhong also said: "Xingzhou has more than ten thousand registered permanent residence, but it has been less than several hundred since the founding of the army. If we send good officials like Zhang Geng and Liu Su of Mingshui to manage it, we will certainly be able to restore the old glory." So the court sent Zhang Geng as the pacifier of Xingzhou and Liu Su as the deputy. Soon after, the refugees resumed their business and promoted Xingzhou to Shunde Prefecture.

Advice from others

In the third year (1253), the fourth year (1254) and the ninth year (1259) of Yuan Xianzong, Liu Bingzhong, along with Yuan Shizu, made two expeditions to Dali and Song Dynasty. He urged yuan Shizu not to kill indiscriminately. Therefore, he did not kill one person in every city, and the people who lived were invincible.

In 1260, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty ascended the throne, adopted Liu Bingzhong's suggestion, issued an imperial edict to establish the year of the Yuan Dynasty, and set up Zhongshu province and Xuanfu department. Old officials of the imperial court and hermits of the mountain forest were employed. Although Liu Bingzhong lived around the emperor, he still wore his old clothes. At that time, he was called "Secretary cong".

Rescript to return to the common customs

In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264), Wang e, the academician of the Imperial Academy, wrote: "before his majesty ascended the throne, Liu Bingzhong had participated in military and state affairs and made great contributions. Today, when your majesty ascends the throne, everything looks new, but Liu Bingzhong is still in his old clothes. I feel uneasy. They should be well dressed and given a thick title. " On the same day, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty issued an imperial edict to worship Liu Bingzhong as Guanglu doctor and Taibao, to participate in leading the political affairs of Zhongshu Province, and to marry Liu Bingzhong, the daughter of Dou Mo, the academician of Hanlin, as his wife, and to give him a house in Fengxian square, which was "given to him as a supervisor of Shaofu Palace".

notable exploits

After Liu Bingzhong was appointed, he took the world as his own duty. He knew everything about the affairs of the country, big and small, and said everything, which won the emperor's favor. Those who were recommended and promoted were all famous officials.

In 1266, Liu Bingzhong was ordered to design and build a new capital in the northeast of Yanjing. The scale of the new town is magnificent and the project is huge. Under the leadership of Liu Bingzhong, Zhang Rou and Duan Zhen, the progress is very fast.

In the sixth year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1269), Liu Bingzhong established the imperial ceremony, the official system, the etiquette of the emperor, the clothes and salaries of the officials.

In 1271, Liu Bingzhong suggested that Kublai Khan take the meaning of "Da Ya Qian Yuan" in the book of changes and change the name of Mongolia to "Da Yuan", which was adopted by Kublai Khan. This is the origin of the name of Yuan Dynasty.

Liu Bingzhong also presided over the construction of Dadu, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and Shangdu, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. In the first month of the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274), most of the palaces were built.

Death without disease

In August 1274, Liu Bingzhong died of no illness. He was 59 years old. Kublai Khan was shocked and mourned. He said to the officials, "I have been loyal to you for more than 30 years. I have been careful, not avoiding difficulties and dangers, and I have no secret about your knowledge." He was ordered out of neifu to bury him in Dadu.

In 1275, Kublai Khan posthumously presented Liu Bingzhong as Taifu and Zhao Guogong, with the posthumous title of "Wenzhen". When the Yuan Dynasty became emperor Zong, he gave it to the grand master and changed his posthumous title to Wenzheng. In Renzong of the Yuan Dynasty, he became the king of Changshan. In the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Bingzhong was the only one in the Han Dynasty.

Main impact

Politics

After entering Kublai Khan's shogunate in greater Mongolia, Liu Bingzhong participated in military and political affairs as a cloth. It was active in the political arena in the early Yuan Dynasty and played an important role in the establishment of the political system and regulations of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1271, he suggested that Kublai take the meaning of "Da Ya Qian Yuan" in the book of changes and change the name of great Mongolia to "Da Yuan". His planning and design of Yuandadu laid the foundation for the initial urban rudiment of Beijing.

literature

Liu Bingzhong is a well-known scholar, poet and Sanqu artist with profound knowledge. He is known as the Sanren of Tibetan spring, and he sings his own songs.

Liu Bingzhong's Ci and Qu were well-known in Yuan Dynasty. Yang Fu's "history of Yuan Poetry" used quite a lot of space to evaluate his poems and thought that "he was one of the representative poets in the northern poetic circles in the early Yuan Dynasty". On the other hand, Zhang Wenqian's Liu Gong Xing Zheng called it "the poetry and Yuefu, which are all well-known.". People talk about yuan Ci, without exception, to cite "zangchun Ci", Qing Dynasty compiled "Shiyu of past dynasties", selected Liu Bingzhong's five CI (two mistakenly received, one "Qinyuanchun" was not written by Liu Bingzhong, one "ganheye" was written by Liu Bingzhong, but it belongs to song rather than CI). According to Gu Sili's biography of selected poems of the Yuan Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, "it is conceivable that Gu Sili's style is unique, because he lives with Yuan officials and chants with affection.". Gu KuiGuang recorded three poems in his selected poems of Yuan Dynasty, which were evaluated on Yelu Chucai. Liu Bingzhong also plays an important role in Yuan CI. There are two most influential literatures on Liu Bingzhong's CI: one is the Tibetan spring Yuefu postscript written by Wang Pengyun, a poet of Qing Dynasty, and the other is the Tibetan spring CI written by Kuang Zhouyi in volume 3 of Huifeng Cihua. Wang Pengyun's second language, which is called "xiongkuo without losing Chu" and "Yunji without falling into flattery", sets the tone for Liu Bingzhong's Ci style criticism. Most of the later studies are based on this.

Historical evaluation

CHABI: if you are wise in Han Dynasty, the emperor will listen to your words. Why don't you remonstrate?

Wang e: he has been loyal to his residence for a long time, and has accumulated years. He should be praised for participating in the stratagem, setting up the grand plan of the country, and being loyal and diligent.

Kublai Khan: he has been loyal to me for more than 30 years. He is careful and careful. He doesn't avoid risks and difficulties. He has no secret about whether things can be done or not. And the number of yin and Yang of the fine, accounting for things to know, if the agreement, only I know, others can not be heard.

Yan Fu's preface to the collection of Tibetan spring: when the world of clouds and haze and ignorance is open, heaven and earth are created, and the rule of civilization is approved As for the chapter of cutting clouds and carving out the moon, the song of spring and snow is for the rest of the business.

Song Lian: 1. He was born with loyalty, but he has a strong character, and he is brave and unruly Bingzhong was studious in his childhood, but he never lost his age. Although he was an extremely important official, he lived in a vegetarian house and ate vegetables all day long. I'm a Tibetan Sanren. Every time he chants, his poems are scattered and leisurely. ② A wise man in the world believes according to the time. Hanging ladle Wu'an, peerless outlier. However, fan up, wind and clouds. It is a base, a city, a palace and a court. It was built in Luanjing, the seal of Luanjing. Longgangjichong is the bell of Wang Qi. Yiliugong is the emperor of Yongzuo. He taught Wan bangchi to write in the soil. Che Shu Lai Tong, Wei Gong's contribution.

Yao Guangxiao: a good man is like a group of people, but he is not popular with others. If he does not meet a bosom friend, he will never complain Once the wind and cloud meet, the monarch and his ministers are from the bottom of their hearts; the grand plan has been completed, and the honors and names are according to the bamboo slips.

Sun Chengen: leaving the empty door, to taixuan. Great plans and intrigues, loyalty and diligence. Luanjing is the capital of Luanjing. In dingdingzhai, the merit of Zhaogong.

Zhu Shi: when Bingzhong is the source, the trace is very strange. It's better to know that when you meet the Lord, you'll find out that you've always lived in the world? In the past, Fan Li went boating to see his troops strengthen Wu, and Li biheng, a guest of the mountain, set up two more capitals to restore the Tang Dynasty. Is it true to be faithful?

Ke Shaozhen: Liu Bingzhong, Zhang Wenqian, Dou Mo and Yao Shu are all the guests of Shizu's underground residence. They praise the strategy of the curtain to achieve great success.

Zha Hongde: Liu Bingzhong is good at poetry, prose, CI and qu.. It is certain that in the history of poetry and CI in Yuan Dynasty, his achievements can not be ignored, and he has his own characteristics

Chinese PinYin : Liu Bing Zhong